Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is a cooperative project between the Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program and the US Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program. Updated by 2300 UTC every Wednesday and averaging 16 reported volcanoes, this is not a comprehensive list of all eruptions this week, but rather a summary of activity that meet criteria discussed in the "Criteria and Disclaimers" section below.

Volcanic activity reported here is preliminary and subject to change. Carefully reviewed, detailed narratives over longer time periods are published as reports of the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network available through volcano profile pages.

Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for the week of 21 March-27 March 2001
Name	Location	Eruption Start Date	Report Status
Arenal	Costa Rica	—	New
Kanlaon	Philippines	—	New
Lokon-Empung	Sulawesi	—	New
Piton de la Fournaise	Reunion Island (France)	—	New
Cleveland	Chuginadak Island (USA)	—	Continuing
Guagua Pichincha	Ecuador	—	Continuing
Kilauea	Hawaiian Islands (USA)	—	Continuing
Klyuchevskoy	Central Kamchatka (Russia)	2023 Jun 22	Continuing
Krakatau	Sunda Strait	—	Continuing
Mayon	Luzon (Philippines)	2023 Apr 27 ± 2 days	Continuing
Merapi	Central Java	2020 Dec 31	Continuing
Popocatepetl	Mexico	2005 Jan 9	Continuing
Semeru	Eastern Java	2017 Jun 6	Continuing
Sheveluch	Central Kamchatka (Russia)	1999 Aug 15	Continuing
Soufriere Hills	Montserrat	—	Continuing
Tungurahua	Ecuador	—	Continuing

All times are local unless otherwise stated.

Arenal | 21 March-27 March 2001 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Arenal
Costa Rica

OVSICORI-UNA reported on 26 March that at least three pyroclastic-flow episodes occurred on 24 March between 1234 and 1342. Unlike previous pyroclastic flows, these descended the W flank. National Park guards observed the resulting ash clouds moving SW. There were no reports of injuries or damage.

Source: Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica-Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA)

Kanlaon | 21 March-27 March 2001 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Kanlaon
Philippines

PHIVOLCS noted in a 21 March report that since January 2001 earthquake clusters or occurrences have been recorded by the seismic monitoring network around the volcano. These earthquakes may signify a reactivation of the volcanic system at depth and could be a precursor to more vigorous activity, such as ash explosions. This interpretation is based on similar earthquake clusters manifested prior to the 10 August 1996 phreatic explosion from the active summit crater of the volcano. In view of the possibility of a sudden ash ejection, PHIVOLCS recommends the immediate suspension of all treks to the summit crater until further notice. As an additional precaution, the pre-defined 4-km-radius Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ) should be avoided at all times.

Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)

Lokon-Empung | 21 March-27 March 2001 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Lokon-Empung
Sulawesi

Activity continued after the 28 January 2001 explosion. On 26 March 2001 at 1440 another eruption sent a dark ash plume 1,500 m above the crater rim. Ash drifted E and N. No incandescent material was observed, but 25 minutes after the explosion ash started to fall at Kinilow village (3.5 km from the crater) and Kakaskasen village (4 km from the crater). Activity slowly decreased though 1510, when thick white gas emissions from the crater rose 400 m. The ashfall was 0.3-0.5 cm thick at Kinilow village, 0.1-0.3 cm thick at Kakaskasen village, and 1-2 cm thick around Pasahapen river, about 1 km from the crater. After the initial explosion, volcanic tremor was recorded between 1442 and 1457 with a maximum amplitude of 2-16 mm. The seismograph recorded 13 deep volcanic (type A) and 12 shallow volcanic (type B) events on 25 March; six deep and seven shallow volcanic earthquakes were detected on the 26th.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Piton de la Fournaise | 21 March-27 March 2001 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Piton de la Fournaise
Reunion Island (France)

The OVPDLF reported that an eruption began in Dolomieu Crater at 1130 on 27 March. Additional details are not yet available, but inspection of photographs (http://www.ipreunion.com/) shows a fissure eruption, fountaining, and lava flows.

Sources: Observatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise (OVPF), Imaz Press Reunion

Cleveland | 21 March-27 March 2001 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Cleveland
Chuginadak Island (USA)

On 20 March AVO could no longer detect the ash cloud resulting from the 19 March eruption of Cleveland. Based on satellite data, AVO estimates that the explosive eruption started at 1430 on 19 March and may have lasted as long as 6 hours. The National Weather Service estimated the top of the ash cloud was as high as 9.1 km a.s.l. No ashfall was reported in Nikolski, 75 km E of the volcano. A thermal anomaly detected in satellite imagery following the explosive activity was still visible as of 23 March. The elevated temperature indicated by the anomaly is most likely the result of continued unrest at the volcano and the cooling of recently erupted material.

Sources: Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC), US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)

Guagua Pichincha | 21 March-27 March 2001 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Guagua Pichincha
Ecuador

The IG reported that during the week of 18-24 March a total of 806 long-period earthquakes were registered. However, 460 of those occurred on the 18th along with a moderate ash emission. Long-period event counts were below 20/day as of 21 March. Visual observations made by the Guards of the Refuge revealed that fumarolic activity increased, with higher steam columns on 18, 22, and 23 March, and a stronger sulfur smell until 22 March. No rockfall sounds were heard. The small number of rockfall signals detected as of 26 March suggests that lava dome 9 is stable. The volcano remained at Alert Level Yellow.

Sources: Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN), Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

Kilauea | 21 March-27 March 2001 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Kilauea
Hawaiian Islands (USA)

Lava continued to flow down the Pulama Pali and across the coastal flat, but has not yet entered the ocean. During the past few weeks, the flows have covered about 230 m of the private access road to Royal Gardens and are now farther east than any active flows since 1992. Activity is robust on the coastal flat near the truncated road that formerly accessed Royal Gardens but that has long since been cut off by lava. Flows in the area were observed in the last few days to be feeding dozens of breakouts and to be rapidly inflating. Ground observers can often hear methane explosions from burning vegetation along the base of Pulama pali. This activity is part of the "east flow," but lava in the old "west flow" reappeared on the morning of 28 March. Overall, volcanic tremor near Pu`u `O`o was low-to-moderate and tremor at Kilauea's caldera was low. For approximately the previous 2 weeks, small low-frequency earthquakes occurred below the caldera. Tiltmeters in the summit area and along the east rift zone are showing no significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

Klyuchevskoy | 21 March-27 March 2001 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Klyuchevskoy
Central Kamchatka (Russia)

The KVERT reported that during 16-22 March seismic activity was above background levels, with interrupted spasmodic tremor and shallow earthquakes registered. On 18-19 March a gas and steam plume rose 50-100 m above the volcano. On 22 March the volcano was quiet. On other days, the volcano was obscured by clouds. The level of Concern Color Code remained at Yellow.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Krakatau | 21 March-27 March 2001 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Krakatau
Sunda Strait

Anak Krakatau showed a significant increase in activity during the week of 12-18 March. The number of shallow volcanic earthquakes (type B) rose to 79 from 25 the previous week. Activity decreased again during 19-26 March, with only 34 shallow volcanic events. Krakatau is at hazard level 2 (on a scale of 1-4).

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Mayon | 21 March-27 March 2001 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Mayon
Luzon (Philippines)

PHIVOLCS reported that during the week ending on 25 March there had been a total of 86 low-frequency volcanic earthquakes with relative amplitudes of 45 mm. The SO2 flux during the same period averaged 2,975 metric tons/day, which is still significantly above the baseline value of 500 tons/day. Deformation monitoring showed that the volcano was inflated, but the present trend revealed insignificant change. The crater was visible, but no glow was observed. Moderate steaming was typical. Alert Level 3 remained in effect, prohibiting entry within the 6-km-radius permanent danger zone.

Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)

Merapi | 21 March-27 March 2001 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Merapi
Central Java

Visual and instrumental monitoring by VSI personnel through 18 March revealed that volcanic activity continued at Merapi. Hot lava avalanches continued to enter the Sat, Senowo, Bebeng, and Lamat rivers, with a maximum runout distance of 3 km in the Sat River. Pyroclastic flows traveled up to 1 km down the Sat, Senowo, and Bebeng rivers. Superficial earthquakes dominated the seismicity, though the number and amplitude decreased from the previous week. Observations during a summit visit on 17 March revealed that high-pressure fumaroles remained on most of the dome's surface. The volcano remained at Alert Level 2 (on a scale of 1-4).

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Popocatepetl | 21 March-27 March 2001 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Popocatepetl
Mexico

According to CENAPRED, volcanic activity remained low and relatively unchanged throughout 22-27 March. Low-intensity steam-and-gas exhalations continued, sometimes with small amounts of ash. Spoardic episodes of harmonic tremor were reported on most days, with the longest episode lasting 1.5 hours on the evening of 24 March. The volcano remained at Alert Level Yellow Phase III, with a restricted 12-km-radius area.

Sources: Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC), Centro Nacional de Prevencion de Desastres (CENAPRED)

Semeru | 21 March-27 March 2001 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Semeru
Eastern Java

The summit of the volcano was covered by clouds during 12-18 March, but the seismic record showed increasing activity. Explosion and avalanche earthquakes still dominated seismicity and increased over the past week. There were 349 explosion earthquakes, an increase over the 303 detected during 6-12 March. The count of explosion earthquakes decreased to 259 the week of 19-26 March. Semeru is at hazard level 2 (on a scale of 1-4).

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Sheveluch | 21 March-27 March 2001 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Sheveluch
Central Kamchatka (Russia)

The KVERT reported that seismicity was mainly at background levels. On 18 March a 12-minute-long series of shallow earthquakes registered. On 22 March a 2-minute-long shallow earthquake swarm was followed by 20 minutes of weak spasmodic volcanic tremor. Another 2-minute earthquake swarm occurred shortly thereafter. These seismic bursts are thought to correspond to weak ash-gas explosions to heights of 2,000-3,000 m above the crater. On 18-19 and 22 March gas-and-steam plumes rose 200 m above the volcano. The Concern Color Code remained at Yellow.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Soufriere Hills | 21 March-27 March 2001 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Soufriere Hills
Montserrat

The MVO reported that during 16-23 March activity at Soufrière Hills remained at low levels. Most of the 84 detected rockfalls were small events and occurred on the eastern and southern faces of the lava dome. There has been a small amount of growth in the south part of the dome. Sulfur dioxide fluxes have also been low this week. Traverse measurements under the plume gave fluxes ranging between 120 and 190 metric tons per day for the three days of measurements.

Source: Montserrat Volcano Observatory (MVO)

Tungurahua | 21 March-27 March 2001 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Tungurahua
Ecuador

During the week of 18-24 March seismicity and fumarolic activity at Tungurahua continued. The IG reported that at 1915 on 22 March an eruption column with an incandescent point rose to a height of 2 km and lasted 10 minutes. Another eruption on 23 March at 1014 lasted for 30 minutes, sending a column 2 km high that moved NW. Pilot reports indicated that the plume reached an altitude of 6 km. At night a point of incandescence in the crater was observed again. Extensive meteorological clouds prevented the Washington VAAC from obtaining good satellite imagery of the 22 and 23 March plumes.

Sources: Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN), Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

Weekly Reports Archive

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Criteria & Disclaimers

Criteria

The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report does not necessarily include all volcanic activity that occurred on Earth during the week. More than a dozen volcanoes globally have displayed more-or-less continuous eruptive activity for decades or longer, and such routine activity is typically not reported here. Moreover, Earth's sea-floor volcanism is seldom reported even though in theory it represents the single most prolific source of erupted material. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report summarizes volcanic activity that meets one or more of the following criteria:

- A volcano observatory raises or lowers the alert level at the volcano.
- A volcanic ash advisory has been released by a volcanic ash advisory center (VAAC) stating that an ash cloud has been produced from the volcano.
- A verifiable news report of new activity or a change in activity at the volcano has been issued.
- Observers have reported a significant change in volcanic activity. Such activity can include, but is not restricted to, pyroclastic flows, lahars, lava flows, dome collapse, or increased unrest.

Volcanoes are included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report if the activity occurs after at least 3 months of quiescence. Once a volcano is included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section, updates will remain in that section unless the activity continues for more than 1 month without escalating, after which time updates will be listed in the "Continuing Activity" section. Volcanoes are also included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section if the volcano is undergoing a period of relatively high unrest, or increasing unrest. This is commonly equal to Alert Level Orange on a scale of Green, Yellow, Orange, Red, where Red is the highest alert. Or alert level 3 on a scale of 1-4 or 1-5.

It is important to note that volcanic activity meeting one or more of these criteria may occur during the week, but may not be included in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report because we did not receive a report.

Disclaimers

1. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is intended to provide timely information about global volcanism on a weekly basis. Consequently, the report is generated rapidly by summarizing volcanic reports from various sources, with little time for fact checking. The accuracy of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is dependent upon the quality of the volcanic activity reports we receive. Reports published in the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network are cover longer time periods and are more carefully reviewed, although all of the volcanoes discussed in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report are not necessarily reported in the Bulletin. Because of our emphasis on rapid reporting on the web we have avoided diacritical marks. Reports are updated on the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report web page as they are received, therefore information may be included regarding events that occurred before the current report period.

2. Rapidly developing events lead to coverage that is often fragmentary. Volcanoes, their eruptions, and their plumes and associated atmospheric effects are complex phenomena that may require months to years of data analysis in order to create a comprehensive summary and interpretation of events.

3. Preliminary accounts sometimes contain exaggerations and "false alarms," and accordingly, this report may include some events ultimately found to be erroneous or misleading.

4. Many news agencies do not archive the articles they post on the Internet, and therefore the links to some sources may not be active. To obtain information about the cited articles that are no longer available on the Internet contact the source.

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Information presented on this website is considered public information and may be distributed or copied. Use of appropriate byline/photo/image credit is requested. We strongly recommend that USGS data be acquired directly from a USGS server and not through other sources that may change the data in some way. While USGS makes every effort to provide accurate and complete information, various data such as names, telephone numbers, etc. may change prior to updating. USGS welcomes suggestions on how to improve our home page and correct errors. USGS provides no warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy, reliability or completeness of furnished data.

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URL: https://volcano.si.edu/reports_weekly.cfm

Acronyms and Abbreviations

a.s.l. - above sea level

AVO - Alaska Volcano Observatory

AVHRR - Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer

CENAPRED - Centro Nacionale de Prevencion de Desastres (México)

CONRED - Coordinadora Nacional para la Reducción de Desastres

COSPEC - Correlation Spectrometer

CVGHM (formerly VSI) - Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation

CVO - Cascades Volcano Observatory (USGS)

GMS - Geostationary Meteorological Satellite

GOES - Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite

GVO - Goma Volcano Observatory

GVP - Global Volcanism Program (Smithsonian Institution)

HVO - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (USGS)

ICE - Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad (Costa Rica)

IG - Instituto Geofísico (Ecuador)

IGNS - Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences (New Zealand) - now GNS Science

INETER - Instituto Nicaragüense de Estudios Territoriales (Nicaragua)

INGEMMET - Instituto Geológical Minero y Metalúrgico (Peru)

INGEOMINAS - Instituto Colombiano de Geología y Minería (Colombia)

INGV-CT - Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Catania (Italy)

INSIVUMEH - Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia e Hidrologia (Guatemala)

IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (France)

JMA - Japanese Meteorological Agency

KEMSD - Kamchatkan Experimental and Methodical Seismilogical Department

KVERT - Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team

M - magnitude

METEOSAT - Meteorological Satellite

MEVO - Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory

MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

MVO - Montserrat Volcano Observatory

MWO - Meteorological Watch Office

NEIC - National Earthquake Information Center

NIED - National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (Japan)

NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NOTAM - Notice to Airmen

OVDAS - Observatorio Volcanologico de los Andes del Sur (Chile)

OFDA - Office of US Foreign Disaster Assistance

ONEMI - Oficina Nacional de Emergencia - Ministerio del Interior (Chile)

OVPDLF - Observatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise (France)

OVSICORI-UNA - Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica, Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)

PHIVOLCS - Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (Philippines)

RSAM - Real-time Seismic Amplitude Measurement

RVO - Rabaul Volcano Observatory

SERNAGEOMIN - Servicio Nacional de Geologia y Mineria (Chile)

SIGMET - Significant Meteorological Information

SNET - Servicio Nacional de Estudios Territoriales (El Salvador)

SVERT - Sakhalin Volcanic Eruption Response Team (Russia)

USAID - US Agency for International Development

USGS - United States Geological Survey

UTC - Coordinated Universal Time

VAAC - Volcanic Ash Advisory Center

VAFTAD - Volcanic Ash Forecast Transport And Dispersion

VDAP - Volcano Disaster Assistance Program (USGS)

VHP - Volcano Hazards Program (USGS)

VRC - Volcano Research Center (Japan)

Report for Arenal
OVSICORI-UNA reported on 26 March that at least three pyroclastic-flow episodes occurred on 24 March between 1234 and 1342. Unlike previous pyroclastic flows, these descended the W flank. National Park guards observed the resulting ash clouds moving SW. There were no reports of injuries or damage.
Source: Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica-Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA)

Report for Kanlaon
PHIVOLCS noted in a 21 March report that since January 2001 earthquake clusters or occurrences have been recorded by the seismic monitoring network around the volcano. These earthquakes may signify a reactivation of the volcanic system at depth and could be a precursor to more vigorous activity, such as ash explosions. This interpretation is based on similar earthquake clusters manifested prior to the 10 August 1996 phreatic explosion from the active summit crater of the volcano. In view of the possibility of a sudden ash ejection, PHIVOLCS recommends the immediate suspension of all treks to the summit crater until further notice. As an additional precaution, the pre-defined 4-km-radius Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ) should be avoided at all times.
Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)

Report for Lokon-Empung
Activity continued after the 28 January 2001 explosion. On 26 March 2001 at 1440 another eruption sent a dark ash plume 1,500 m above the crater rim. Ash drifted E and N. No incandescent material was observed, but 25 minutes after the explosion ash started to fall at Kinilow village (3.5 km from the crater) and Kakaskasen village (4 km from the crater). Activity slowly decreased though 1510, when thick white gas emissions from the crater rose 400 m. The ashfall was 0.3-0.5 cm thick at Kinilow village, 0.1-0.3 cm thick at Kakaskasen village, and 1-2 cm thick around Pasahapen river, about 1 km from the crater. After the initial explosion, volcanic tremor was recorded between 1442 and 1457 with a maximum amplitude of 2-16 mm. The seismograph recorded 13 deep volcanic (type A) and 12 shallow volcanic (type B) events on 25 March; six deep and seven shallow volcanic earthquakes were detected on the 26th.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Report for Piton de la Fournaise
The OVPDLF reported that an eruption began in Dolomieu Crater at 1130 on 27 March. Additional details are not yet available, but inspection of photographs (http://www.ipreunion.com/) shows a fissure eruption, fountaining, and lava flows.
Sources: Observatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise (OVPF), Imaz Press Reunion

Report for Cleveland
On 20 March AVO could no longer detect the ash cloud resulting from the 19 March eruption of Cleveland. Based on satellite data, AVO estimates that the explosive eruption started at 1430 on 19 March and may have lasted as long as 6 hours. The National Weather Service estimated the top of the ash cloud was as high as 9.1 km a.s.l. No ashfall was reported in Nikolski, 75 km E of the volcano. A thermal anomaly detected in satellite imagery following the explosive activity was still visible as of 23 March. The elevated temperature indicated by the anomaly is most likely the result of continued unrest at the volcano and the cooling of recently erupted material.
Sources: Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC), US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)

Report for Guagua Pichincha
The IG reported that during the week of 18-24 March a total of 806 long-period earthquakes were registered. However, 460 of those occurred on the 18th along with a moderate ash emission. Long-period event counts were below 20/day as of 21 March. Visual observations made by the Guards of the Refuge revealed that fumarolic activity increased, with higher steam columns on 18, 22, and 23 March, and a stronger sulfur smell until 22 March. No rockfall sounds were heard. The small number of rockfall signals detected as of 26 March suggests that lava dome 9 is stable. The volcano remained at Alert Level Yellow.
Sources: Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN), Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

Report for Kilauea
Lava continued to flow down the Pulama Pali and across the coastal flat, but has not yet entered the ocean. During the past few weeks, the flows have covered about 230 m of the private access road to Royal Gardens and are now farther east than any active flows since 1992. Activity is robust on the coastal flat near the truncated road that formerly accessed Royal Gardens but that has long since been cut off by lava. Flows in the area were observed in the last few days to be feeding dozens of breakouts and to be rapidly inflating. Ground observers can often hear methane explosions from burning vegetation along the base of Pulama pali. This activity is part of the "east flow," but lava in the old "west flow" reappeared on the morning of 28 March. Overall, volcanic tremor near Pu`u `O`o was low-to-moderate and tremor at Kilauea's caldera was low. For approximately the previous 2 weeks, small low-frequency earthquakes occurred below the caldera. Tiltmeters in the summit area and along the east rift zone are showing no significant deformation.
Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

Report for Klyuchevskoy
The KVERT reported that during 16-22 March seismic activity was above background levels, with interrupted spasmodic tremor and shallow earthquakes registered. On 18-19 March a gas and steam plume rose 50-100 m above the volcano. On 22 March the volcano was quiet. On other days, the volcano was obscured by clouds. The level of Concern Color Code remained at Yellow.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Report for Krakatau
Anak Krakatau showed a significant increase in activity during the week of 12-18 March. The number of shallow volcanic earthquakes (type B) rose to 79 from 25 the previous week. Activity decreased again during 19-26 March, with only 34 shallow volcanic events. Krakatau is at hazard level 2 (on a scale of 1-4).
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Report for Mayon
PHIVOLCS reported that during the week ending on 25 March there had been a total of 86 low-frequency volcanic earthquakes with relative amplitudes of 45 mm. The SO2 flux during the same period averaged 2,975 metric tons/day, which is still significantly above the baseline value of 500 tons/day. Deformation monitoring showed that the volcano was inflated, but the present trend revealed insignificant change. The crater was visible, but no glow was observed. Moderate steaming was typical. Alert Level 3 remained in effect, prohibiting entry within the 6-km-radius permanent danger zone.
Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)

Report for Merapi
Visual and instrumental monitoring by VSI personnel through 18 March revealed that volcanic activity continued at Merapi. Hot lava avalanches continued to enter the Sat, Senowo, Bebeng, and Lamat rivers, with a maximum runout distance of 3 km in the Sat River. Pyroclastic flows traveled up to 1 km down the Sat, Senowo, and Bebeng rivers. Superficial earthquakes dominated the seismicity, though the number and amplitude decreased from the previous week. Observations during a summit visit on 17 March revealed that high-pressure fumaroles remained on most of the dome's surface. The volcano remained at Alert Level 2 (on a scale of 1-4).
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Report for Popocatepetl
According to CENAPRED, volcanic activity remained low and relatively unchanged throughout 22-27 March. Low-intensity steam-and-gas exhalations continued, sometimes with small amounts of ash. Spoardic episodes of harmonic tremor were reported on most days, with the longest episode lasting 1.5 hours on the evening of 24 March. The volcano remained at Alert Level Yellow Phase III, with a restricted 12-km-radius area.
Sources: Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC), Centro Nacional de Prevencion de Desastres (CENAPRED)

Report for Semeru
The summit of the volcano was covered by clouds during 12-18 March, but the seismic record showed increasing activity. Explosion and avalanche earthquakes still dominated seismicity and increased over the past week. There were 349 explosion earthquakes, an increase over the 303 detected during 6-12 March. The count of explosion earthquakes decreased to 259 the week of 19-26 March. Semeru is at hazard level 2 (on a scale of 1-4).
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Report for Sheveluch
The KVERT reported that seismicity was mainly at background levels. On 18 March a 12-minute-long series of shallow earthquakes registered. On 22 March a 2-minute-long shallow earthquake swarm was followed by 20 minutes of weak spasmodic volcanic tremor. Another 2-minute earthquake swarm occurred shortly thereafter. These seismic bursts are thought to correspond to weak ash-gas explosions to heights of 2,000-3,000 m above the crater. On 18-19 and 22 March gas-and-steam plumes rose 200 m above the volcano. The Concern Color Code remained at Yellow.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Report for Soufriere Hills
The MVO reported that during 16-23 March activity at Soufrière Hills remained at low levels. Most of the 84 detected rockfalls were small events and occurred on the eastern and southern faces of the lava dome. There has been a small amount of growth in the south part of the dome. Sulfur dioxide fluxes have also been low this week. Traverse measurements under the plume gave fluxes ranging between 120 and 190 metric tons per day for the three days of measurements.
Source: Montserrat Volcano Observatory (MVO)

Report for Tungurahua
During the week of 18-24 March seismicity and fumarolic activity at Tungurahua continued. The IG reported that at 1915 on 22 March an eruption column with an incandescent point rose to a height of 2 km and lasted 10 minutes. Another eruption on 23 March at 1014 lasted for 30 minutes, sending a column 2 km high that moved NW. Pilot reports indicated that the plume reached an altitude of 6 km. At night a point of incandescence in the crater was observed again. Extensive meteorological clouds prevented the Washington VAAC from obtaining good satellite imagery of the 22 and 23 March plumes.
Sources: Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN), Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)