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Report on Anatahan (United States) — 13 February-19 February 2008


Anatahan

Smithsonian Institution / US Geological Survey
Weekly Volcanic Activity Report, 13 February-19 February 2008
Managing Editor: Sally Sennert.

Please cite this report as:

Global Volcanism Program, 2008. Report on Anatahan (United States) (Sennert, S, ed.). Weekly Volcanic Activity Report, 13 February-19 February 2008. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.

Weekly Report (13 February-19 February 2008)

Anatahan

United States

16.35°N, 145.67°E; summit elev. 790 m

All times are local (unless otherwise noted)


The USGS reported a diffuse plume from Anatahan, possibly containing some ash, was visible on satellite imagery drifting SW on 14 February. On 17 and 19 February seismicity increased. On 18 February, both a low-level steam plume that possibly contained ash and a sulfur dioxide plume were visible on satellite imagery drifting SW. A sulfur dioxide plume was again noted on 19 February. The Volcanic Alert Level remained at Watch and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange.

Geological Summary. The elongate, 9-km-long island of Anatahan in the central Mariana Islands consists of a large stratovolcano with a 2.3 x 5 km compound summit caldera. The larger western portion of the caldera is 2.3 x 3 km wide, and its western rim forms the island's high point. Ponded lava flows overlain by pyroclastic deposits fill the floor of the western caldera, whose SW side is cut by a fresh-looking smaller crater. The 2-km-wide eastern portion of the caldera contained a steep-walled inner crater whose floor prior to the 2003 eruption was only 68 m above sea level. A submarine cone, named NE Anatahan, rises to within 460 m of the sea surface on the NE flank, and numerous other submarine vents are found on the NE-to-SE flanks. Sparseness of vegetation on the most recent lava flows had indicated that they were of Holocene age, but the first historical eruption did not occur until May 2003, when a large explosive eruption took place forming a new crater inside the eastern caldera.

Source: Emergency Management Office of the Commonwealth of the Mariana Islands and United States Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program