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Large Holocene Eruptions

The following list includes known large-volume Holocene explosive eruptions with a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 4 or larger. Note the dating method codes before the dates (explained using a cursor rollover), and pay particular attention to the distinction between corrected (G) and uncorrected (C) radiocarbon dates. Also be aware of the uncertainties of the dates themselves (including those with a "?" indicating an unknown, but potentially large date uncertainty). "P" and "C" VEI codes refer to plinian or caldera-forming eruptions, respectively, of large, but unknown magnitudes. See "Eruption Data Criteria" for further explanation of the VEI and other codes and About "Volcanoes of the World" for acknowledgments and citation guidelines.



Volcano Name Volcanic Subregion Date (Reverse Order) VEI

MERAPI Java (Indonesia) 2010  Nov 5  4
EYJAFJALLAJOKULL Southern Iceland 2010  Apr 14  4
SARYCHEV PEAK Kuril Islands 2009  Jun 11  4
KASATOCHI Aleutian Islands 2008  Aug 7  4
OKMOK Aleutian Islands 2008  Jul 12  4?

CHAITEN Southern Chile 2008  May 2  4
RABAUL New Britain 2006  Oct 7  4?
MANAM Northeast of New Guinea 2005  Jan 27  4?
REVENTADOR Ecuador 2002  Nov 3  4
RUANG Sangihe Islands (Indonesia) 2002  Sep 25  4?

SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) 2001  May 22  4?
ULAWUN New Britain 2000  Sep 29  4
RABAUL New Britain 1994  Sep 19  4?
LASCAR Northern Chile 1993  Apr 19  4
SPURR Southwestern Alaska 1992  Jun 27  4

HUDSON, CERRO Southern Chile 1991  Aug 12  5+
PINATUBO Luzon (Philippines) 1991  Jun 15  6
KELUT Java (Indonesia) 1990  Feb 10  4
KLIUCHEVSKOI Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) 1990  Jan 30  4
CHIKURACHKI Kuril Islands 1986  Nov 20  4

AUGUSTINE Southwestern Alaska 1986  Mar 27  4?
COLO [UNA UNA] Sulawesi (Indonesia) 1983  Jul 23  4
GALUNGGUNG Java (Indonesia) 1982  May 17  4
CHICHON, EL México 1982  Apr 3  5
CHICHON, EL México 1982  Mar 28  4+

PAGAN Mariana Islands 1981  May 15  4
ALAID Kuril Islands 1981  Apr 30  4
ST. HELENS Washington (USA) 1980  May 18  5
AUGUSTINE Southwestern Alaska 1976  Jan 22 (?) 4
TOLBACHIK Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) 1975  Jul 6  4+

FUEGO Guatemala 1974  Oct 17  4
TIATIA Kuril Islands 1973  Jul 14  4
FERNANDINA Galápagos Islands 1968  Jun 11  4
AWU Sangihe Islands (Indonesia) 1966  Aug 12  4
KELUT Java (Indonesia) 1966  Apr 26  4

TAAL Luzon (Philippines) 1965  Sep 28  4
SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) 1964  Nov 12  4+
AGUNG Lesser Sunda Islands (Indonesia) 1963  May 16  4
AGUNG Lesser Sunda Islands (Indonesia) 1963  Mar 17  5
BEZYMIANNY Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) 1956  Mar 30  5

CARRAN-LOS VENADOS Central Chile 1955  Jul 27  4
SPURR Southwestern Alaska 1953  Jul 9  4
BAGANA Bougainville Island 1952  Feb 29  4
KELUT Java (Indonesia) 1951  Aug 31  4
LAMINGTON New Guinea 1951  Jan 21  4

AMBRYM Vanuatu 1951  4+
HEKLA Southern Iceland 1947  Mar 29  4
SARYCHEV PEAK Kuril Islands 1946  Nov 9  4
AVACHINSKY Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) 1945  Feb 25  4
MICHOACAN-GUANAJUATO México 1943  Feb 20  4

RABAUL New Britain 1937  May 29  4?
KUCHINOERABU-JIMA Ryukyu Islands (Japan) 1933  Dec 24  4?
SUOH Sumatra (Indonesia) 1933  Jul 10  4
KHARIMKOTAN Kuril Islands 1933  Jan 8  5
AZUL, CERRO Central Chile 1932  Apr 10  5+

FUEGO Guatemala 1932  Jan 21  4
ANIAKCHAK Alaska Peninsula 1931  May 11  4
KLIUCHEVSKOI Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) 1931  Mar 25  4
KOMAGA-TAKE Hokkaido (Japan) 1929  Jun 17  4
AVACHINSKY Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) 1926  Apr 5  4

IRIOMOTE-JIMA Ryukyu Islands (Japan) 1924  Oct 31  4?
RAIKOKE Kuril Islands 1924  Feb 15  4
MANAM Northeast of New Guinea 1919  Aug 11  4
KELUT Java (Indonesia) 1919  May 19  4
KATLA Southern Iceland 1918  Oct 12  4+

TUNGURAHUA Ecuador 1918  Apr 5  4
AGRIGAN Mariana Islands 1917  Apr 9  4
SAKURA-JIMA Kyushu (Japan) 1914  Jan 12  4
COLIMA México 1913  Jan 20  5
NOVARUPTA Alaska Peninsula 1912  Jun 6  6

LOLOBAU New Britain 1911  4
KSUDACH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) 1907  Mar 28 (?) 5
VESUVIUS Italy 1906  Apr 8  4?
LOLOBAU New Britain 1905  P
GRIMSVOTN Northeastern Iceland 1903  May 28  4

SANTA MARIA Guatemala 1902  Oct 24  6?
PELEE West Indies 1902  May 8  4
SOUFRIERE ST. VINCENT West Indies 1902  May 6  4?
PELEE West Indies 1902  May 2  4
DONA JUANA Colombia 1899  Nov 13  4

MAYON Luzon (Philippines) 1897  Jun 25  4?
CALBUCO Southern Chile 1893  Jan 10  4
COLIMA México 1890  Feb 16  4
SUWANOSE-JIMA Ryukyu Islands (Japan) 1889  Oct 2  4
BANDAI Honshu (Japan) 1888  Jul 15  4

NIUAFO'OU Tonga Islands 1886  Aug 31  4?
OKATAINA New Zealand 1886  Jun 10  5
TUNGURAHUA Ecuador 1886  Jan 11  4
AUGUSTINE Southwestern Alaska 1883  Oct 6  4
KRAKATAU Indonesia 1883  Aug 27  6

FUEGO Guatemala 1880  Jun 28  4?
COTOPAXI Ecuador 1877  Jun 26  4
SUWANOSE-JIMA Ryukyu Islands (Japan) 1877  4?
ASKJA Northeastern Iceland 1875  Mar 29  5
GRIMSVOTN Northeastern Iceland 1873  Jan 8  4

MERAPI Java (Indonesia) 1872  Apr 15  4
SINARKA Kuril Islands 1872  4
MAKIAN Halmahera (Indonesia) 1861  Dec 28  4?
KATLA Southern Iceland 1860  May 8  4
FUEGO Guatemala 1857  Jan 15  4?

KOMAGA-TAKE Hokkaido (Japan) 1856  Sep 25  4
SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) 1854  Feb 18  5
USU Hokkaido (Japan) 1853  Apr 22  4
FONUALEI Tonga Islands 1846  Jun 11 (?) 4?
HEKLA Southern Iceland 1845  Sep 2  4

COSIGUINA Nicaragua 1835  Jan 20  5
BABUYAN CLARO North of Luzon (Philippines) 1831  4?
KLIUCHEVSKOI Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) 1829  Sep 9  4?
AVACHINSKY Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) 1827  Jun 27  4
KELUT Java (Indonesia) 1826  Oct 11  4?

ISANOTSKI Aleutian Islands ? 1825  Mar 10  4
GALUNGGUNG Java (Indonesia) 1822  Oct 8  5
USU Hokkaido (Japan) 1822  Mar 12  4
COLIMA México 1818  Feb 15  4
RAUNG Java (Indonesia) 1817  Jan 16  4?

TAMBORA Lesser Sunda Islands (Indonesia) 1815  Apr 10  7
MAYON Luzon (Philippines) 1814  Feb 1  4
SUWANOSE-JIMA Ryukyu Islands (Japan) 1813  4
AWU Sangihe Islands (Indonesia) 1812  Aug 6  4?
SOUFRIERE ST. VINCENT West Indies 1812  Apr 27  4

ST. HELENS Washington (USA) D 1800  Jan 15 ± 120 days 5
PAGO New Britain T 1800 (?)  P
WESTDAHL Aleutian Islands 1795  4
SAN MARTIN México 1793  Mar 2  4
ALAID Kuril Islands 1793  Feb  4^

KILAUEA Hawaiian Islands 1790  Nov (?) 4
ETNA Italy 1787  Jul 18  4
PAVLOF Alaska Peninsula @ 1786  4?
ASAMA Honshu (Japan) 1783  Aug 3  4
GRIMSVOTN Northeastern Iceland 1783  Jun 8  4+

SAKURA-JIMA Kyushu (Japan) 1779  Nov 8  4
RAIKOKE Kuril Islands 1778  4^
USU Hokkaido (Japan) 1769  Jan 23  4
COTOPAXI Ecuador 1768  Apr 4  4
HEKLA Southern Iceland 1766  Apr 5  4

MICHOACAN-GUANAJUATO México 1764  4
MIYAKE-JIMA Izu Islands (Japan) 1763  Aug 17  4
PLANCHON-PETEROA Central Chile 1762  Dec 3  4
MAKIAN Halmahera (Indonesia) 1760  Sep 22  4?
MICHOACAN-GUANAJUATO México 1759  Sep 29  4

KATLA Southern Iceland 1755  Oct 17  5?
TAAL Luzon (Philippines) 1754  Nov 28  4
KSUDACH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 1750 (?)  4
TAAL Luzon (Philippines) 1749  Aug 11 (?) 4
COTOPAXI Ecuador 1744  Nov 30  4

OSHIMA-OSHIMA Hokkaido (Japan) 1741  Aug 29  4
SHIKOTSU Hokkaido (Japan) 1739  Aug 19  5
FUEGO Guatemala 1737  Aug 27  4?
ORAEFAJOKULL Southeastern Iceland 1727  Aug 3  4
KATLA Southern Iceland 1721  May 11  5?

BRAVO, CERRO Colombia T 1720 ± 150 years 4
RAOUL ISLAND Kermadec Islands C 1720 ± 50 years 4
FUEGO Guatemala 1717  Aug 27  4?
TAAL Luzon (Philippines) 1716  Sep 24  4?
CHIRPOI Kuril Islands 1712  Dec 31 ± 365 days 4?

FUJI Honshu (Japan) 1707  Dec 16  5
KOMAGA-TAKE Hokkaido (Japan) 1694  Jul 4  4
SERUA Banda Sea 1693  Jun 4  4?
HEKLA Southern Iceland 1693  Feb 13  4
CHIKURACHKI Kuril Islands T 1690 ± 10 years 4

TONGKOKO Sulawesi (Indonesia) 1680  5?
GAMKONORA Halmahera (Indonesia) 1673  May 20  5?
SHIKOTSU Hokkaido (Japan) 1667  Sep 23  5
USU Hokkaido (Japan) 1663  Aug 16  5
KATLA Southern Iceland 1660  Nov 3  4

GUAGUA PICHINCHA Ecuador 1660  Oct 27  4
TEON Banda Sea 1660  Feb  4?
LONG ISLAND Northeast of New Guinea C 1660 ± 20 years 6
TARANAKI [EGMONT] New Zealand D 1655 (?)  4
SANTORINI Greece 1650  Sep 27  4?

SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 1650 ± 10 years 5
MAKIAN Halmahera (Indonesia) 1646  Jul 19  4?
PARKER Philippines - Mindanao 1641  Jan 4  5?
KELUT Java (Indonesia) 1641  4?
KOMAGA-TAKE Hokkaido (Japan) 1640  Jul 31  5

LLAIMA Central Chile 1640  Feb  4
RAUNG Java (Indonesia) 1638  4?
VESUVIUS Italy 1631  Dec 16  5?
FURNAS Azores 1630  Sep 3  5
RAOUL ISLAND Kermadec Islands C 1630 ± 50 years 4

KATLA Southern Iceland 1625  Sep 2  5
COLIMA México 1622  Jun 8  4
KATLA Southern Iceland 1612  Oct 12  4
COLIMA México 1606  Dec 13  4
COLIMA México 1606  Nov 25  4

MOMOTOMBO Nicaragua 1605  4
HUAYNAPUTINA Perú 1600  Feb 19  6
SUWANOSE-JIMA Ryukyu Islands (Japan) T 1600 (?)  4+
HEKLA Southern Iceland 1597  Jan 3  4
RUIZ, NEVADO DEL Colombia 1595  Mar 12  4

RAUNG Java (Indonesia) 1593  5?
KELUT Java (Indonesia) 1586  5?
COLIMA México 1585  Jan 10  4
FUEGO Guatemala 1582  Jan 14  4?
FUEGO Guatemala 1581  Dec 26  4?

KATLA Southern Iceland 1580  Aug 11  4
BILLY MITCHELL Bougainville Island C 1580 ± 20 years 6
CAYAMBE Ecuador T 1570 (?)  4
AGUA DE PAU Azores 1563  Jun 28  5?
ANIAKCHAK Alaska Peninsula C 1560 ± 50 years 4+

MALY SEMIACHIK Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 1550 (?)  4
PAGO New Britain T 1550 (?)  P
KATLA Southern Iceland T 1550 (?)  4
AUGUSTINE Southwestern Alaska G 1540 ± 100 years 4?
COTOPAXI Ecuador 1534  Jun  4

COTOPAXI Ecuador 1532  Nov 15  4
TELICA Nicaragua 1529  4
HEKLA Southern Iceland 1510  Jul 25  4
KATLA Southern Iceland T 1500 (?)  4
ST. HELENS Washington (USA) D 1482  Jan 15 ± 120 days 5

ST. HELENS Washington (USA) D 1480  Jan 15 ± 120 days 5+
BARDARBUNGA Northeastern Iceland 1477  Feb (?) 6
SAKURA-JIMA Kyushu (Japan) 1471  Nov 3  5?
PINATUBO Luzon (Philippines) G 1450 ± 50 years 5?
SETE CIDADES Azores 1444 (?)  4

FURNAS Azores 1441 ± 2 years 4
KATLA Southern Iceland 1440  4
SOUFRIERE GUADELOUPE West Indies G 1440 ± 100 years P
SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 1430 (?)  4
OSHIMA Izu Islands (Japan) 1421  May 14  4

KATLA Southern Iceland 1416  4?
ARENAL Costa Rica C 1400 (?)  4
PARKER Philippines - Mindanao G 1380 ± 75 years P
INYO CRATERS California (USA) G 1380 ± 50 years 4
SOUFRIERE GUADELOUPE West Indies G 1370 ± 150 years P

ORAEFAJOKULL Southeastern Iceland 1362  Jun 5 ± 4 days 5
CHICHON, EL México G 1360 ± 100 years 5
KATLA Southern Iceland 1357 ± 3 years 4+
RUIZ, NEVADO DEL Colombia C 1350 (?)  4
COTOPAXI Ecuador T 1350 (?)  4+

MONO CRATERS California (USA) D 1350 ± 20 years 4
KIKHPINYCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) C 1350 (?)  4
PELEE West Indies G 1340 ± 50 years 4
BRAVO, CERRO Colombia C 1330 ± 75 years 4
OKATAINA New Zealand G 1310 ± 12 years 5

HEKLA Southern Iceland 1300  Jul 11  4
CAYAMBE Ecuador T 1290 (?)  4
QUILOTOA Ecuador G 1280 (?)  6
KATLA Southern Iceland 1262  5
KATLA Southern Iceland 1245  4

KIRISHIMA Kyushu (Japan) 1235  Jan 25  P
REYKJANES Southwestern Iceland 1226  Jul 15 ± 45 days 4
REYKJANES Southwestern Iceland 1211  Aug 31 ± 30 days 4?
KATLA Southern Iceland T 1210 (?)  4
SAN SALVADOR El Salvador A 1200 (?)  4

CHICHON, EL México G 1190 ± 150 years 4
OSHIMA Izu Islands (Japan) V 1183 (?)  4
FURNAS Azores C 1170 ± 100 years 4
HEKLA Southern Iceland 1158  Jan 19  4
COTOPAXI Ecuador C 1130 ± 75 years 5

ASAMA Honshu (Japan) 1108  Aug 29  5
HEKLA Southern Iceland 1104  Oct 15 ± 45 days 5
LOLOBAU New Britain C 1100 ± 30 years 4
MASHU Hokkaido (Japan) G 1080 ± 100 years 5
UBINAS Perú G 1080 ± 75 years 5

SUNSET CRATER Arizona (USA) M 1075 ± 25 years 4?
BRAVO, CERRO Colombia C 1050 ± 75 years 4
CAYAMBE Ecuador T 1040 (?)  4
ARENAL Costa Rica T 1030 (?)  4
SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 1030 ± 100 years 5

BILLY MITCHELL Bougainville Island C 1030 ± 25 years 5+
ARENAL Costa Rica T 1020 (?)  4
TOLBACHIK Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) T 1000 (?)  4+
KSUDACH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 1000 ± 50 years 4+
CHANGBAISHAN Eastern China G 1000 ± 40 years 7?

SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 970 AD (?)  4
VESUVIUS Italy 968 AD  Dec 1 ± 30 days 4
TOLBACHIK Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) T 950 AD (?)  4+
BEZYMIANNY Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) T 950 AD (?)  4?
KATLA Southern Iceland I 934 AD ± 2 years 4?

GUAGUA PICHINCHA Ecuador G 930 AD ± 100 years 5
CEBORUCO México C 930 AD ± 200 years 6
KATLA Southern Iceland 920 AD  4
TOWADA Honshu (Japan) 915 AD  Aug 17  5
TOLBACHIK Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) T 900 AD (?)  4

PELEE West Indies G 890 AD ± 100 years P
NIIGATA-YAKE-YAMA Honshu (Japan) 887 AD  4
NII-JIMA Izu Islands (Japan) 886 AD  Jun 29  4+
OSHIMA Izu Islands (Japan) 886 AD (?)  Jun 29 (?) 4
IBUSUKI VOLC FIELD Kyushu (Japan) 885 AD  Aug 29  4

IBUSUKI VOLC FIELD Kyushu (Japan) 874 AD  Mar 29  4
ALAMAGAN Mariana Islands C 870 AD ± 100 years 4
BARDARBUNGA Northeastern Iceland T 870 AD (?)  4
PUYEHUE-CORDON CAULLE Central Chile G 860 AD ± 75 years 5
OSHIMA Izu Islands (Japan) 854 AD (?)  Sep 14 (?) 4

MIYAKE-JIMA Izu Islands (Japan) 850 AD (?)  4
RAOUL ISLAND Kermadec Islands T 850 AD (?)  4
KINENIN Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) C 850 AD ± 50 years 4
FURNAS Azores C 840 AD ± 100 years 4
KOZU-SHIMA Izu Islands (Japan) 838 AD  Aug 2 (?) 4

POPOCATEPETL México I 823 AD  Mar 1 ± 90 days P
MONO CRATERS California (USA) G 810 AD ± 300 years 4
FUJI Honshu (Japan) 800 AD  Apr 11  4
DAKATAUA New Britain C 800 AD ± 50 years 6?
CHURCHILL Eastern Alaska G 800 AD ± 100 years 6

KIRISHIMA Kyushu (Japan) 788 AD  Apr 18  4
CHICHON, EL México G 780 AD ± 100 years 5
IBUSUKI VOLC FIELD Kyushu (Japan) T 770 AD (?)  4
COTOPAXI Ecuador C 770 AD ± 75 years 4
SAKURA-JIMA Kyushu (Japan) 764 AD  Jan  4

ARENAL Costa Rica A 750 AD ± 50 years 4
BRAVO, CERRO Colombia C 750 AD ± 150 years 4
COTOPAXI Ecuador C 740 AD ± 75 years 4
TUNGURAHUA Ecuador C 730 AD ± 200 years 4?
KARKAR Northeast of New Guinea C 730 AD (?)  P

SANTORINI Greece 726 AD  Jul 15 ± 45 days 4?
IBUSUKI VOLC FIELD Kyushu (Japan) T 720 AD (?)  4
PAGO New Britain C 710 AD ± 75 years 6
BEZYMIANNY Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) T 700 AD ± 50 years 4?
ARENAL Costa Rica T 700 AD (?)  4

NEWBERRY Oregon (USA) G 690 AD ± 100 years 4
PAGO New Britain G 690 AD ± 100 years 5
VESUVIUS Italy 685 AD  Feb  4
OSHIMA Izu Islands (Japan) 680 AD (?)  4
IBUSUKI VOLC FIELD Kyushu (Japan) T 660 AD (?)  4+

ARENAL Costa Rica G 650 AD ± 100 years 4
SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 650 AD ± 40 years 5
OPALA Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 610 AD ± 50 years 5+
SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 600 AD (?)  5
INYO CRATERS California (USA) C 600 AD ± 75 years 4?

IBUSUKI VOLC FIELD Kyushu (Japan) T 600 AD (?)  4
SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) T 580 AD (?)  4+
HARUNA Honshu (Japan) A 550 AD ± 10 years Jun 1 ± 30 days 5
RAOUL ISLAND Kermadec Islands C 550 AD (?)  4
RAUSU Hokkaido (Japan) G 550 AD ± 100 years 4

ARENAL Costa Rica T 550 AD (?)  4
RABAUL New Britain C 540 AD ± 100 years 6
HARUNA Honshu (Japan) A 520 AD ± 10 years Jun 1 ± 30 days 4+
KARKAR Northeast of New Guinea C 520 AD ± 100 years C
VESUVIUS Italy 512 AD  Jul 8  4?

SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 500 AD (?)  4+
NEWBERRY Oregon (USA) G 490 AD ± 100 years 4
VESUVIUS Italy 472 AD  Nov 5  5
ILOPANGO El Salvador G 450 AD ± 30 years 6+
PELEE West Indies C 450 AD (?)  P

OSORNO Southern Chile C 420 AD ± 100 years 4?
KRAKATAU Indonesia 416 AD  C
RAOUL ISLAND Kermadec Islands T 400 AD (?)  4
ARENAL Costa Rica A 400 AD (?)  4
TOLBACHIK Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) T 400 AD (?)  4+

SETE CIDADES Azores T 380 AD ± 300 years 4
ASAMA Honshu (Japan) A 350 AD ± 10 years Nov 15 ± 15 days 4
PELEE West Indies G 350 AD ± 75 years 4
OSHIMA Izu Islands (Japan) G 340 AD ± 200 years 4
AKUTAN Aleutian Islands C 340 AD (?)  5

PAGO New Britain G 310 AD ± 100 years 5
ZAO Honshu (Japan) G 300 AD ± 200 years 4
PELEE West Indies C 300 AD (?)  P
MIYAKE-JIMA Izu Islands (Japan) T 260 AD ± 500 years 4
SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) T 250 AD (?)  4

KSUDACH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 240 AD ± 100 years 6
TAUPO New Zealand G 230 AD ± 16 years Mar 15 ± 20 days 6?
VESUVIUS Italy 203 AD  P
GLACIER PEAK Washington (USA) C 200 AD ± 50 years 4+
WRANGELL Eastern Alaska C 190 AD ± 200 years C?

COTOPAXI Ecuador C 180 AD ± 100 years 4
LIAMUIGA West Indies C 160 AD ± 200 years P
COTOPAXI Ecuador T 150 AD (?)  4
MASAYA Nicaragua T 150 AD (?)  5+
MASHU Hokkaido (Japan) G 150 AD ± 100 years 4

IBUSUKI VOLC FIELD Kyushu (Japan) T 150 AD (?)  4
IBUSUKI VOLC FIELD Kyushu (Japan) T 130 AD (?)  4
PELEE West Indies C 130 AD (?)  P
RAOUL ISLAND Kermadec Islands T 100 AD (?)  4
SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) T 100 AD (?)  4

SETE CIDADES Azores C 90 AD ± 100 years 4
FURNAS Azores C 80 AD ± 100 years 5
VESUVIUS Italy 79 AD  Oct 24 (?) 5?
TACANA México G 70 AD ± 100 years 4?
COTOPAXI Ecuador C 70 AD ± 150 years 4

GUAGUA PICHINCHA Ecuador G 70 AD ± 75 years 4
CHURCHILL Eastern Alaska C 60 AD ± 200 years 6
TOLBACHIK Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) T 50 AD (?)  4+
AMBRYM Vanuatu C 50 AD ± 100 years 6+
PELEE West Indies C 50 AD (?)  P

TURRIALBA Costa Rica G 40 AD ± 50 years 4
MERAPI Java (Indonesia) G 20 AD ± 300 years P
PELEE West Indies G 10 AD ± 50 years 4
RUNGWE Eastern Africa G 50 BC  4
AKAN Hokkaido (Japan) G 50 BC (?)  P

APOYEQUE Nicaragua T 50 BC ± 100 years 6
IBUSUKI VOLC FIELD Kyushu (Japan) T 80 BC (?)  4
MISTI, EL Perú G 80 BC ± 75 years 4?
TENERIFE Canary Islands G 80 BC ± 40 years 4+
KUJU Kyushu (Japan) G 100 BC ± 300 years 4

OKMOK Aleutian Islands C 100 BC ± 50 years 6
ETNA Italy 122 BC  5
KRASHENINNIKOV Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 150 BC (?)  C
ARENAL Costa Rica G 170 BC ± 200 years 4
MASAYA Nicaragua C 170 BC ± 100 years 5

CHANGBAISHAN Eastern China C 180 BC ± 75 years P
VULCANO Italy 183 BC  4
TAUPO New Zealand G 200 BC (?)  4+
TSURUMI Kyushu (Japan) C 200 BC ± 50 years 4
HAKU-SAN Honshu (Japan) G 200 BC (?)  4

POPOCATEPETL México C 200 BC ± 300 years P
PELEE West Indies C 200 BC (?)  P
RUIZ, NEVADO DEL Colombia C 200 BC ± 100 years 4
HUDSON MOUNTAINS West Antarctica I 210 BC ± 200 years 4?
COTOPAXI Ecuador C 230 BC ± 200 years 4

ANTILLANCA GROUP Central Chile G 230 BC ± 200 years 5
RAINIER Washington (USA) G 250 BC ± 200 years 4
RAOUL ISLAND Kermadec Islands C 250 BC ± 75 years 6
IBUSUKI VOLC FIELD Kyushu (Japan) T 270 BC (?)  4
ARENAL Costa Rica T 270 BC (?)  4

SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 300 BC (?)  4
ATACAZO Ecuador C 320 BC ± 16 years 5
SOUTH SISTER Oregon (USA) C 350 BC (?)  4
YAKE-DAKE Honshu (Japan) G 350 BC (?)  4
ARENAL Costa Rica G 380 BC ± 200 years 4

COTOPAXI Ecuador T 400 BC (?)  4
MEAGER Canada G 410 BC ± 200 years 5?
PELEE West Indies C 440 BC (?)  P
PULULAGUA Ecuador C 450 BC ± 150 years C
BEZYMIANNY Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 450 BC (?)  4

SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 500 BC (?)  4
ST. HELENS Washington (USA) G 530 BC (?)  5
SHIKOTSU Hokkaido (Japan) C 550 BC (?)  5
TONGARIRO New Zealand C 550 BC ± 200 years 5
PELEE West Indies G 590 BC ± 200 years 4?

AOGA-SHIMA Izu Islands (Japan) C 600 BC ± 200 years 4
IBUSUKI VOLC FIELD Kyushu (Japan) T 650 BC (?)  4
KRAFLA Northeastern Iceland T 650 BC (?)  4
VILLARRICA Central Chile C 670 BC  4
PULULAGUA Ecuador C 690 BC ± 150 years 5

BRAVO, CERRO Colombia C 730 BC ± 75 years 4+
TOWADA Honshu (Japan) G 750 BC (?)  4+
CONCEPCION Nicaragua C 770 BC ± 50 years P
SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 780 BC ± 300 years 4+
MOMOTOMBO Nicaragua C 800 BC ± 50 years 4+

YANTARNI Alaska Peninsula T 800 BC ± 500 years 5
TENGGER CALDERA Java (Indonesia) C 830 BC ± 50 years P
ZAVARITSKY Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) C 850 BC (?)  4+
RUIZ, NEVADO DEL Colombia T 850 BC (?)  4
KATLA Southern Iceland G 850 BC ± 50 years 4

VESUVIUS Italy G 880 BC ± 50 years 4
SOLLIPULLI Central Chile C 920 BC ± 75 years 5+
AZUFRAL Colombia C 930 BC (?)  P
FUJI Honshu (Japan) C 930 BC (in or after) 5
KHODUTKA Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 930 BC ± 100 years 5

SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 950 BC (?)  5
MIYAKE-JIMA Izu Islands (Japan) T 950 BC ± 200 years 4+
ANTILLANCA GROUP Central Chile G 960 BC ± 150 years 5
KUJU Kyushu (Japan) G 990 BC ± 1000 years 4
TAUPO New Zealand G 1010 BC ± 200 years 4+

TUNGURAHUA Ecuador C 1010 BC ± 100 years 5
FUJI Honshu (Japan) T 1030 BC (?)  4+
PINATUBO Luzon (Philippines) G 1050 BC ± 500 years 6
TAUPO New Zealand G 1050 BC (?)  4
KHODUTKA Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) T 1050 BC (in or before) 4+

APOYEQUE Nicaragua T 1050 BC ± 1000 years 4
COTOPAXI Ecuador T 1050 BC (?)  4
BRAVO, CERRO Colombia T 1050 BC ± 200 years 4
HEKLA Southern Iceland G 1100 BC ± 50 years 5+
KUSATSU-SHIRANE Honshu (Japan) C 1120 BC ± 150 years 4

IZU-TOBU Honshu (Japan) G 1150 BC ± 50 years 4+
CUICOCHA Ecuador C 1150 BC ± 150 years 5
MERAPI Java (Indonesia) C 1180 BC ± 75 years P
RAOUL ISLAND Kermadec Islands C 1200 BC ± 150 years 4
ARENAL Costa Rica G 1250 BC ± 200 years 4

AGUILERA Southern Chile G 1250 BC ± 150 years 5
AGUA DE PAU Azores C 1290 BC (?)  4
BRAVO, CERRO Colombia C 1310 BC ± 150 years 4
YUCAMANE Perú C 1320 BC (?)  5
AVACHINSKY Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) C 1350 BC (?)  5

FUJI Honshu (Japan) T 1350 BC (?)  5
PAGO New Britain G 1370 BC ± 100 years 6
VESUVIUS Italy G 1430 BC ± 300 years 4
KATLA Southern Iceland G 1440 BC ± 40 years 4
ARENAL Costa Rica T 1450 BC (?)  4

TAUPO New Zealand G 1460 BC ± 40 years 6
ETNA Italy 1500 BC ± 50 years 5?
IBUSUKI VOLC FIELD Kyushu (Japan) T 1500 BC (?)  4
AVACHINSKY Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 1500 BC (?)  5
HAYES Southwestern Alaska T 1550 BC (?)  5

VESUVIUS Italy G 1550 BC ± 75 years 4
HEKLA Southern Iceland T 1550 BC (?)  4
SANTORINI Greece G 1610 BC ± 14 years 7?
ANIAKCHAK Alaska Peninsula I 1645 BC ± 10 years 6?
ARENAL Costa Rica T 1650 BC (?)  4

CAMPI FLEGREI Italy T 1650 BC (?)  4
TARANAKI [EGMONT] New Zealand C 1700 BC ± 100 years 5
SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) T 1700 BC (?)  4
VENIAMINOF Alaska Peninsula C 1750 BC (?)  6
OKATAINA New Zealand G 1750 BC (?)  4+

ST. HELENS Washington (USA) T 1770 BC ± 100 years 5
IBUSUKI VOLC FIELD Kyushu (Japan) T 1780 BC (?)  4
VILLARRICA Central Chile C 1810 BC ± 200 years 5
RINCON DE LA VIEJA Costa Rica G 1820 BC ± 150 years 4
ST. HELENS Washington (USA) G 1860 BC (?)  6

CAMPI FLEGREI Italy C 1870 BC ± 50 years 4
DANA Alaska Peninsula C 1890 BC (?)  5
HUDSON, CERRO Southern Chile G 1890 BC (?)  6
BLACK PEAK Alaska Peninsula T 1900 BC ± 150 years 6
PARKER Philippines - Mindanao C 1920 BC ± 40 years P

SANBE Honshu (Japan) T 1920 BC (?)  4
KATLA Southern Iceland G 1920 BC (?)  4
TOLIMA, NEVADO DEL Colombia G 1990 BC ± 200 years 5?
CAMPI FLEGREI Italy T 2000 BC ± 150 years 4
MARRA, JEBEL Northern Africa G 2000 BC (?)  C

RAOUL ISLAND Kermadec Islands C 2000 BC ± 100 years 4
SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 2000 BC (?)  5
IBUSUKI VOLC FIELD Kyushu (Japan) T 2010 BC (?)  4
LIAMUIGA West Indies C 2010 BC ± 150 years P
CHICHON, EL México G 2030 BC ± 100 years 5

LONG ISLAND Northeast of New Guinea C 2040 BC ± 100 years 6
RUNGWE Eastern Africa T 2050 BC (?)  5
HACHIJO-JIMA Izu Islands (Japan) T 2050 BC (?)  5
ILIAMNA Southwestern Alaska C 2050 BC (?)  P
MASHU Hokkaido (Japan) G 2050 BC ± 40 years 4

COTOPAXI Ecuador T 2050 BC (?)  5
SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 2100 BC (?)  5
IZU-TOBU Honshu (Japan) G 2100 BC ± 100 years 4
CAMPI FLEGREI Italy C 2150 BC ± 500 years 5
CHANGBAISHAN Eastern China C 2160 BC ± 100 years P

SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) T 2200 BC (?)  4+
KARYMSKY Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 2250 BC (?)  4
ARENAL Costa Rica T 2250 BC (?)  4
GALUNGGUNG Java (Indonesia) C 2250 BC ± 150 years 5?
ORIZABA, PICO DE México C 2300 BC ± 75 years 4

HEKLA Southern Iceland G 2310 BC ± 20 years 5
BURNEY, MONTE Southern Chile G 2320 BC ± 100 years 5
ST. HELENS Washington (USA) G 2340 BC (?)  5
COLIMA México C 2370 BC ± 150 years 4?
VESUVIUS Italy G 2420 BC ± 40 years 5

PELEE West Indies C 2430 BC (?)  P
KUJU Kyushu (Japan) G 2440 BC ± 300 years 4
HACHIJO-JIMA Izu Islands (Japan) T 2450 BC ± 500 years 4
ATACAZO Ecuador C 2490 BC ± 40 years 5
CAMPI FLEGREI Italy T 2500 BC (?)  4

AVACHINSKY Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 2530 BC ± 300 years 4
APOYEQUE Nicaragua T 2550 BC ± 1000 years 5
ASAMA Honshu (Japan) A 2550 BC ± 500 years 4
DONA JUANA Colombia C 2550 BC ± 150 years C
TAUPO New Zealand G 2600 BC (?)  4

SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 2620 BC ± 300 years 5
COTOPAXI Ecuador C 2640 BC ± 200 years 5
TOLMACHEV DOL Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) C 2650 BC (?)  4+
KIRISHIMA Kyushu (Japan) C 2650 BC (?)  4
PELEE West Indies G 2660 BC ± 200 years 4?

IBUSUKI VOLC FIELD Kyushu (Japan) C 2690 BC ± 75 years 5
FOURNAISE, PITON DE LA Western Indian Ocean G 2700 BC (?)  5?
MYOKO Honshu (Japan) G 2750 BC ± 100 years 4
KIKHPINYCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 2780 BC ± 25 years 4
ARENAL Costa Rica T 2800 BC (?)  4

ILYINSKY Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) C 2850 BC (?)  5
MIYAKE-JIMA Izu Islands (Japan) T 2900 BC ± 500 years 4
SAKURA-JIMA Kyushu (Japan) C 2900 BC (?)  4
TAUPO New Zealand G 2900 BC (?)  4
AGUA DE PAU Azores C 2990 BC (?)  5

MEIDOB VOLC FIELD Northern Africa T 3000 BC (?)  P
KSUDACH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) T 3000 BC (?)  4
ZHELTOVSKY Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) C 3050 BC (?)  5
MEIDOB VOLC FIELD Northern Africa T 3050 BC (?)  P
SAKURA-JIMA Kyushu (Japan) C 3050 BC (?)  4

SETE CIDADES Azores T 3050 BC (?)  4
TAUPO New Zealand G 3070 BC (?)  4
TAUPO New Zealand G 3170 BC ± 200 years 4
FISHER Aleutian Islands C 3170 BC ± 75 years 5
KARYMSKY Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 3200 BC (?)  4

AVACHINSKY Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 3200 BC ± 150 years 5
SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) T 3200 BC (?)  4+
COTOPAXI Ecuador T 3280 BC ± 500 years 5
ARENAL Costa Rica T 3350 BC (?)  4
NUMAZAWA Honshu (Japan) G 3400 BC (?)  5

PELEE West Indies G 3430 BC ± 75 years 4?
ATACAZO Ecuador C 3490 BC ± 100 years P
PELEE West Indies T 3500 BC ± 200 years P
SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 3500 BC (?)  5
MASHU Hokkaido (Japan) G 3550 BC ± 40 years 4

PINATUBO Luzon (Philippines) G 3550 BC (?)  6
TAAL Luzon (Philippines) C 3580 BC ± 200 years 6
OKATAINA New Zealand G 3580 BC ± 50 years 5
SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 3650 BC (?)  5
MAKUSHIN Aleutian Islands T 3650 BC ± 1000 years P

POPOCATEPETL México G 3700 BC ± 300 years 5
KUJU Kyushu (Japan) G 3780 BC ± 500 years 4
AVACHINSKY Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 3790 BC ± 100 years 4
PELEE West Indies C 3820 BC (?)  P
KAGUYAK Alaska Peninsula C 3850 BC (?)  5

COTOPAXI Ecuador C 3880 BC ± 75 years 5+
ARENAL Costa Rica T 3900 BC (?)  4
PAGO New Britain G 4000 BC ± 200 years 6?
MASAYA Nicaragua T 4050 BC (?)  6
TAUPO New Zealand G 4100 BC (?)  4

HEKLA Southern Iceland G 4110 BC ± 100 years 5?
MEIDOB VOLC FIELD Northern Africa T 4150 BC ± 1000 years P
TOWADA Honshu (Japan) G 4150 BC (?)  5+
APOYEQUE Nicaragua C 4160 BC ± 30 years 5
BRAVO, CERRO Colombia C 4280 BC ± 150 years 4

AVACHINSKY Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 4340 BC ± 75 years 5
KOMAGA-TAKE Hokkaido (Japan) G 4350 BC (?)  P
KIRISHIMA Kyushu (Japan) C 4350 BC (?)  4
KIKAI Ryukyu Islands (Japan) C 4350 BC (?)  7
COTOPAXI Ecuador C 4350 BC ± 75 years 5

MACAULEY ISLAND Kermadec Islands C 4360 BC ± 200 years 6?
SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 4400 BC (?)  5
KIZIMEN Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) T 4450 BC (?)  4
AVACHINSKY Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 4460 BC ± 100 years 4
AVACHINSKY Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 4550 BC ± 200 years 4

TAKAHARA Honshu (Japan) G 4570 BC (?)  4?
KOMAGA-TAKE Hokkaido (Japan) G 4600 BC ± 50 years 5
HACHIJO-JIMA Izu Islands (Japan) T 4650 BC (?)  5
TAUPO New Zealand G 4700 BC (?)  4
HEKLA Southern Iceland T 4700 BC (?)  4+

HUDSON, CERRO Southern Chile C 4750 BC (?)  6
MYOKO Honshu (Japan) G 4750 BC ± 300 years 5?
KSUDACH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 4900 BC (?)  5+
ILIAMNA Southwestern Alaska C 5050 BC (?)  P
ARENAL Costa Rica G 5060 BC ± 150 years 4?

MAYOR ISLAND New Zealand G 5060 BC ± 200 years 5
PUYEHUE-CORDON CAULLE Central Chile G 5080 BC ± 150 years 5
HEKLA Southern Iceland G 5150 BC (?)  5
TAVUI New Britain N 5150 BC ± 1000 years 5
POPOCATEPETL México C 5150 BC (?)  P

KSUDACH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 5200 BC (?)  5?
ANIAKCHAK Alaska Peninsula T 5250 BC ± 1000 years 6?
ICHINSKY Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) T 5400 BC (?)  5
SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) T 5500 BC (?)  5
PELEE West Indies G 5500 BC ± 200 years P

MASHU Hokkaido (Japan) G 5550 BC ± 100 years 6
TAO-RUSYR CALDERA Kuril Islands C 5550 BC ± 75 years 6
CRATER LAKE Oregon (USA) I 5677 BC ± 150 years Oct 15 ± 45 days 7
ILYINSKY Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) T 5700 BC ± 50 years C
KHANGAR Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 5700 BC ± 16 years 6

KRASHENINNIKOV Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) C 5800 BC ± 50 years 4
COTOPAXI Ecuador C 5820 BC ± 75 years 5+
MERU Eastern Africa C 5850 BC (?)  P
CRATER LAKE Oregon (USA) G 5900 BC ± 50 years 6
ROMERAL Colombia C 5950 BC ± 500 years P

AVACHINSKY Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 5980 BC ± 100 years 5+
KRASHENINNIKOV Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) C 6000 BC ± 50 years 4
MENENGAI Eastern Africa C 6050 BC (?)  6+
MEIDOB VOLC FIELD Northern Africa N 6050 BC ± 1000 years P
SAKURA-JIMA Kyushu (Japan) C 6050 BC (?)  5

BARVA Costa Rica T 6050 BC ± 1000 years P
OKATAINA New Zealand G 6060 BC ± 50 years 5
MAKUSHIN Aleutian Islands C 6100 BC ± 50 years 5
QUILL, THE West Indies C 6140 BC ± 200 years P
SAKURA-JIMA Kyushu (Japan) C 6200 BC ± 1000 years 6

PELEE West Indies G 6220 BC ± 200 years P
TOWADA Honshu (Japan) G 6250 BC (?)  4
OKMOK Aleutian Islands C 6310 BC ± 500 years P
SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) T 6350 BC (?)  4
SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) T 6380 BC (?)  4

SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 6400 BC ± 150 years 4
KIZIMEN Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) C 6400 BC ± 50 years 5
KURILE LAKE Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 6440 BC ± 25 years 7
MIYAKE-JIMA Izu Islands (Japan) T 6450 BC ± 500 years 4
KARYMSKY Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 6600 BC (?)  6

SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) T 6600 BC (?)  4
PELEE West Indies G 6610 BC ± 150 years 4?
SOCHE Ecuador C 6650 BC (?)  5?
CAMPI FLEGREI Italy C 6650 BC ± 100 years 4
VILLARRICA Central Chile C 6690 BC (?)  P

ORIZABA, PICO DE México C 6710 BC ± 150 years 5?
SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) T 6800 BC (?)  5?
LLAIMA Central Chile C 6880 BC ± 75 years 5
ATACAZO Ecuador C 6910 BC (in or before) P
VESUVIUS Italy G 6940 BC ± 100 years 5

SHIKOTSU Hokkaido (Japan) C 6950 BC (?)  5
ORIZABA, PICO DE México C 7030 BC ± 50 years 4
AKAN Hokkaido (Japan) C 7050 BC (?)  4
ZHELTOVSKY Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) T 7050 BC ± 1000 years 5
KARKAR Northeast of New Guinea C 7140 BC ± 150 years C

SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) T 7150 BC (?)  5
POPOCATEPETL México C 7150 BC (?)  P
TOWADA Honshu (Japan) G 7250 BC (?)  5?
SEGUAM Aleutian Islands R 7300 BC ± 1000 years 5?
SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) T 7300 BC (?)  5

CHICHINAUTZIN México G 7370 BC ± 300 years 4
SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 7400 BC ± 150 years 5
FISHER Aleutian Islands C 7420 BC ± 200 years 6?
CHAITEN Southern Chile C 7420 BC ± 75 years C
BURNEY, MONTE Southern Chile G 7450 BC ± 500 years 5

USHISHUR Kuril Islands C 7450 BC ± 50 years C
PINATUBO Luzon (Philippines) G 7460 BC ± 150 years 6?
LVINAYA PAST Kuril Islands C 7480 BC ± 50 years 6+
SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) T 7500 BC (?)  4+
ELOVSKY Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) T 7550 BC ± 500 years 4

PAKA Eastern Africa R 7550 BC ± 1000 years C
OKATAINA New Zealand G 7560 BC ± 18 years 5
ROUNDTOP Aleutian Islands T 7600 BC ± 500 years 5?
SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) T 7600 BC (?)  4
SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) T 7630 BC (?)  4

SHASTA California (USA) C 7650 BC ± 100 years 4
SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) T 7700 BC (?)  4
TUNGURAHUA Ecuador C 7750 BC (?)  4
TOLIMA, NEVADO DEL Colombia C 7800 BC ± 300 years P
RUAPEHU New Zealand C 7840 BC (in or before) 4

AKITA-KOMAGA-TAKE Honshu (Japan) G 7850 BC ± 200 years 4
KSUDACH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 7900 BC (?)  5
SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) T 7950 BC (?)  4
HACHIJO-JIMA Izu Islands (Japan) T 8020 BC ± 1000 years 4
KIZIMEN Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) T 8050 BC (?)  5

VESTMANNAEYJAR Southern Iceland T 8050 BC (?)  4
SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) T 8100 BC (?)  4
TAUPO New Zealand G 8130 BC ± 200 years 5
SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) T 8200 BC (?)  4
PELEE West Indies G 8210 BC ± 200 years 4?

GRIMSVOTN Northeastern Iceland G 8230 BC ± 50 years 6
NGOZI Eastern Africa G 8250 BC (?)  5?
TOWADA Honshu (Japan) G 8250 BC (?)  5
AKITA-KOMAGA-TAKE Honshu (Japan) T 8300 BC ± 300 years 4
SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) T 8350 BC (?)  4

CAMPI FLEGREI Italy G 8480 BC ± 100 years 4
ULREUNG Korea G 8750 BC (?)  6
ASKJA Northeastern Iceland G 8910 BC ± 200 years 5
KUJU Kyushu (Japan) G 9160 BC ± 1000 years 4
TAUPO New Zealand T 9210 BC (?)  4

TAUPO New Zealand G 9240 BC ± 75 years 5
TONGARIRO New Zealand T 9350 BC (?)  5
TONGARIRO New Zealand G 9450 BC (?)  5
TAUPO New Zealand G 9460 BC ± 200 years 5
KHANGAR Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) G 9500 BC ± 300 years P

TONGARIRO New Zealand T 9650 BC (?)  5

Global Volcanism ProgramDepartment of Mineral SciencesNational Museum of Natural HistorySmithsonian Institution

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