The outlet tunnel of the Kelud crater lake drainage system in 1973. A series of drainage tunnels and shafts were constructed following the devastating 1919 eruption that killed 5,110 people to decrease the amount of water in the summit crater lake. Loss of life from devastating lahars produced by the explosive ejection of crater lake water has been significantly reduced in subsequent eruptions. The original outlet was lowered to this level following the deepening of the crater by an eruption in 1951.

Photo by Sumarma Hamidi, 1973 (Volcanological Survey of Indonesia).

This image is made available under the Creative Commons BY-NC 4.0 license terms.

Galleries: Preparedness

Keywords: crater lake

Kelud