Tonga Geological Services reported that unrest at Tofua continued during 1-7 May. Thermal anomalies with varying intensities were detected daily. Sulfur dioxide plumes from the 28 April emission event continued to be identified in satellite data during 1-2 May. The Aviation Color Code was raised to Yellow (the second lowest color on a four-color scale) on 2 May; the Maritime Alert Level remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale); mariners were advised to stay 2 km away from the island; the Alert level for residents of Vava’u and Ha’apai remained at Green (the lowest color on a four-color scale).

Geological Summary. The low, forested Tofua Island in the central part of the Tonga Islands group is the emergent summit of a large stratovolcano that was seen in eruption by Captain Cook in 1774. The summit contains a 5-km-wide caldera whose walls drop steeply about 500 m. Three post-caldera cones were constructed at the northern end of a cold fresh-water caldera lake, whose surface lies only 30 m above sea level. The easternmost cone has three craters and produced young basaltic andesite lava flows, some of which traveled into the caldera lake. The largest and northernmost of the cones, Lofia, has a steep-sided crater that is 70 m wide and 120 m deep and has been the source of historical eruptions, first reported in the 18th century. The fumarolically active crater of Lofia has a flat floor formed by a ponded lava flow.

Source: Tonga Geological Services, Government of Tonga