Global Volcanism Program | Kaikohe-Bay of Islands

The Global Volcanism Program has no activity reports available for Kaikohe-Bay of Islands.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Weekly Reports available for Kaikohe-Bay of Islands.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Bulletin Reports available for Kaikohe-Bay of Islands.

Basic Data

Volcano Number

Last Known Eruption

Elevation

Latitude
Longitude

241010

400 CE

388 m / 1,273 ft

35.3°S
173.9°E

Morphology

Volcano Landform
Cluster

Volcano Types
Volcanic field

Rock Types

Major
Trachybasalt / Tephrite Basanite
Basalt / Picro-Basalt

Minor
Andesite / Basaltic Andesite
Rhyolite

Tectonic Setting

Subduction zone
Continental crust (> 25 km)

Population

Within 5 km
Within 10 km
Within 30 km
Within 100 km

13,786
13,786
18,679
133,899

Geological Summary

The Kaikohe-Bay of Islands volcanic field, at the upper end of the Northland Peninsula, contains 30 Pleistocene and Holocene eruptive centers, consisting primarily of basaltic scoria cones, lava flows, and small shield volcanoes, along with minor rhyolitic lava flows and domes. The field lies at the N end of the Northland Intraplate Province, and volcanism has progressively shifted to the SE, with the younger Taheke Basalts being aligned along a NE trend at the S end of the field. The most recent eruption produced explosive activity and lava flows from four scoria cones at Te Puke about 1,300-1,800 years ago, although the precise date of the activity remains uncertain. Hot springs occur at three locations, including near Lake Omapere, which was dammed by lava flows.

References

The following references have all been used during the compilation of data for this volcano, it is not a comprehensive bibliography.

Ashcroft J, 1986. The Kerikeri Volcanics: a basalt-Pantellerite association in Northland. Roy Soc New Zeal Bull, 23: 48-63.

Heming R F, 1980. Patterns of Quaternary basaltic volcanism in the northern North Island, New Zealand. New Zeal J Geol Geophys, 23: 335-344.

IAVCEI, 1973-80. Post-Miocene Volcanoes of the World. IAVCEI Data Sheets, Rome: Internatl Assoc Volc Chemistry Earth's Interior.

Johnson R W, Knutson J, Taylor S R (eds), 1989. Intraplate Volcanism in Eastern Australia and New Zealand. Cambridge, England: Cambridge Univ Press, 408 p.

Kear D, Thompson B N, 1964. Volcanic risk in Northland. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 7: 87-93. https://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.1964.10420159

Nairn I A, Cole J W, 1975. New Zealand. Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World and Solfatara Fields, Rome: IAVCEI, 22: 1-156.

Smith I E, Day R A, Ashcroft J, 1986. Volcanic associations of Northland (Tour Guide A4). New Zeal Geol Surv Rec, 12: 5-32.

Eruptive History

There is data available for 1 confirmed Holocene eruptive periods.

0400 ± 300 years Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive)

Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive)

Te Puke

0400 ± 300 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at Te Puke

Start Date	End Date	Event Type
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow
- - - -	- - - -	Bombs

This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.

Synonyms

Bay of Islands

Cones

Feature Name

Feature Type

Elevation

Latitude

Longitude

Kaikohe

Cone

282 m

35° 25' 0.00" S

173° 47' 0.00" E

Kawiti

Cone

123 m

35° 25' 0.00" S

173° 58' 0.00" E

Keri

Cone

35° 15' 0.00" S

173° 57' 0.00" E

Manginangina

Cone

35° 12' 0.00" S

173° 48' 0.00" E

Maungakawakawa

Cone

35° 21' 0.00" S

173° 51' 0.00" E

Maungaturoto

Cone

283 m

35° 23' 0.00" S

173° 53' 0.00" E

Ngahuha

Cone

183 m

35° 23' 0.00" S

173° 58' 0.00" E

Okaihau

Cone

35° 17' 0.00" S

173° 50' 0.00" E

Omapere

Cone

35° 23' 0.00" S

173° 48' 0.00" E

Otoroa

Cone

35° 5' 0.00" S

173° 52' 0.00" E

Pahangahanga

Cone

35° 19' 0.00" S

173° 54' 0.00" E

Poerua

Cone

273 m

35° 23' 0.00" S

173° 56' 0.00" E

Puketutu

Cone

101 m

35° 18' 0.00" S

173° 59' 0.00" E

Purerua

Cone

35° 8' 0.00" S

174° 0' 0.00" E

Tahoranui

Cone

35° 9' 0.00" S

173° 53' 0.00" E

Takou

Cone

35° 8' 0.00" S

173° 52' 0.00" E

Tauanui

Cone

350 m

35° 30' 0.00" S

173° 52' 0.00" E

Te Ahuahu

Cone

378 m

35° 21' 0.00" S

173° 50' 0.00" E

Te Pene

Cone

35° 4' 0.00" S

173° 54' 0.00" E

Te Puke

Cone

135 m

35° 15' 0.00" S

174° 2' 0.00" E

Te Whau

Cone

35° 9' 0.00" S

173° 53' 0.00" E

Waimate

Cone

35° 18' 0.00" S

173° 52' 0.00" E

Waimimiti

Cone

388 m

35° 23' 0.00" S

173° 50' 0.00" E

Domes

Feature Name

Feature Type

Elevation

Latitude

Longitude

Putahi

Dome

385 m

35° 23' 0.00" S

173° 49' 0.00" E

Thermal

Feature Name

Feature Type

Elevation

Latitude

Longitude

Ngawha Hot Springs

Hot Spring

35° 24' 0.00" S

173° 52' 0.00" E

Photo Gallery

This basaltic scoria cone is one of 30 Pleistocene to early-Holocene eruptive centers in the Kaikohe-Bay of Islands volcanic field in NW-most North Island, New Zealand. The most recent eruptions produced scoria cones and lava flows near Te Puke about 1,300-1,800 years ago. The volcanic field also contains small shield volcanoes, along with small rhyolitic lava flows and domes.

Photo by Jim Cole (University of Canterbury).

Smithsonian Sample Collections Database

There are no samples for Kaikohe-Bay of Islands in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences Rock and Ore collection.

External Sites

Copernicus Browser

The Copernicus Browser replaced the Sentinel Hub Playground browser in 2023, to provide access to Earth observation archives from the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, the main distribution platform for data from the EU Copernicus missions.

MIROVA

Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity (MIROVA) is a near real time volcanic hot-spot detection system based on the analysis of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. In particular, MIROVA uses the Middle InfraRed Radiation (MIR), measured over target volcanoes, in order to detect, locate and measure the heat radiation sourced from volcanic activity.

MODVOLC Thermal Alerts

Using infrared satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, scientists at the Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i, developed an automated system called MODVOLC to map thermal hot-spots in near real time. For each MODIS image, the algorithm automatically scans each 1 km pixel within it to check for high-temperature hot-spots. When one is found the date, time, location, and intensity are recorded. MODIS looks at every square km of the Earth every 48 hours, once during the day and once during the night, and the presence of two MODIS sensors in space allows at least four hot-spot observations every two days. Each day updated global maps are compiled to display the locations of all hot spots detected in the previous 24 hours. There is a drop-down list with volcano names which allow users to 'zoom-in' and examine the distribution of hot-spots at a variety of spatial scales.

WOVOdat
   Single Volcano View
   Temporal Evolution of Unrest
   Side by Side Volcanoes

WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. It is sponsored by the World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO) and presently hosted at the Earth Observatory of Singapore.

GVMID Data on Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure The Global Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure Database GVMID, is aimed at documenting and improving capabilities of volcano monitoring from the ground and space. GVMID should provide a snapshot and baseline view of the techniques and instrumentation that are in place at various volcanoes, which can be use by volcano observatories as reference to setup new monitoring system or improving networks at a specific volcano. These data will allow identification of what monitoring gaps exist, which can be then targeted by remote sensing infrastructure and future instrument deployments.

Volcanic Hazard Maps

The IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Hazards and Risk has a Volcanic Hazard Maps database designed to serve as a resource for hazard mappers (or other interested parties) to explore how common issues in hazard map development have been addressed at different volcanoes, in different countries, for different hazards, and for different intended audiences. In addition to the comprehensive, searchable Volcanic Hazard Maps Database, this website contains information about diversity of volcanic hazard maps, illustrated using examples from the database. This site is for educational purposes related to volcanic hazard maps. Hazard maps found on this website should not be used for emergency purposes. For the most recent, official hazard map for a particular volcano, please seek out the proper institutional authorities on the matter.

IRIS seismic stations/networks

Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Services map showing the location of seismic stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 0.18° (about 20 km at mid-latitudes) from the given location of Kaikohe-Bay of Islands. Users can customize a variety of filters and options in the left panel. Note that if there are no stations are known the map will default to show the entire world with a "No data matched request" error notice.

UNAVCO GPS/GNSS stations

Geodetic Data Services map from UNAVCO showing the location of GPS/GNSS stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 20 km from the given location of Kaikohe-Bay of Islands. Users can customize the data search based on station or network names, location, and time window. Requires Adobe Flash Player.

DECADE Data

The DECADE portal, still in the developmental stage, serves as an example of the proposed interoperability between The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, the Mapping Gas Emissions (MaGa) Database, and the EarthChem Geochemical Portal. The Deep Earth Carbon Degassing (DECADE) initiative seeks to use new and established technologies to determine accurate global fluxes of volcanic CO₂ to the atmosphere, but installing CO₂ monitoring networks on 20 of the world's 150 most actively degassing volcanoes. The group uses related laboratory-based studies (direct gas sampling and analysis, melt inclusions) to provide new data for direct degassing of deep earth carbon to the atmosphere.

Large Eruptions of Kaikohe-Bay of Islands

Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LaMEVE) database of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA).

EarthChem

EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA). IEDA is a collaborative effort of EarthChem and the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS).