Volcanoes in the European Volcanic Regions
Additional information about the Volcanic Regions and a map display is currently under development.
There are 25 Holocene volcanoes in the European Volcanic Regions.
Western European Volcanic Province
Volcano Name | Country | Last Eruption | Volcanic Landform |
---|---|---|---|
Chaine des Puys | France | 4040 BCE | Cluster |
Calatrava Volcanic Field | Spain | 3600 BCE | Cluster |
Olot Volcanic Field | Spain | Unknown | Cluster |
Central European Volcanic Province
Volcano Name | Country | Last Eruption | Volcanic Landform |
---|---|---|---|
West Eifel Volcanic Field | Germany | 8300 BCE | Cluster |
Italian Peninsula Volcanic Provinces
Volcano Name | Country | Last Eruption | Volcanic Landform |
---|---|---|---|
Campi Flegrei | Italy | 1538 CE | Caldera |
Vesuvius | Italy | 1944 CE | Composite |
Ischia | Italy | 1302 CE | Composite |
Colli Albani | Italy | Unknown | Caldera |
Aeolian Volcanic Arc
Volcano Name | Country | Last Eruption | Volcanic Landform |
---|---|---|---|
Lipari | Italy | 1230 CE | Composite |
Vulcano | Italy | 1890 CE | Composite |
Stromboli | Italy | 2025 CE | Composite |
Panarea | Italy | Unknown | Composite |
Palinuro | Italy | 8040 BCE | Composite |
Marsili | Italy | 1050 BCE | Composite |
Sicily Volcanic Province
Volcano Name | Country | Last Eruption | Volcanic Landform |
---|---|---|---|
Etna | Italy | 2025 CE | Composite |
Campi Flegrei del Mar di Sicilia | Italy | 1867 CE | Cluster |
Pantelleria | Italy | 1891 CE | Shield |
Hellenic Volcanic Arc
Volcano Name | Country | Last Eruption | Volcanic Landform |
---|---|---|---|
Milos | Greece | 140 CE | Composite |
Santorini | Greece | 1950 CE | Shield |
Kolumbo | Greece | 1650 CE | Cluster |
Nisyros | Greece | 1888 CE | Composite |
Methana | Greece | 258 BCE | Minor (Basaltic) |
Western Anatolian Volcanic Province
Volcano Name | Country | Last Eruption | Volcanic Landform |
---|---|---|---|
Kula | Turkiye | Unknown | Cluster |
Hasandag-Keciboyduran Volcanic Complex | Turkiye | Unknown | Cluster |
Erciyes Volcanic Complex | Turkiye | 6880 BCE | Composite |
Chronological listings of known Holocene eruptions (confirmed or uncertain) from volcanoes in the European Volcanic Regions. Bolded eruptions indicate current continuing activity as of 2 May 2025.
Western European Volcanic Province
Volcano Name | Start Date | Stop Date | Certainty | VEI | Evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Calatrava Volcanic Field | 3600 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Chaine des Puys | 4040 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Chaine des Puys | 5760 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Radiogenic: Thermoluminescence |
Chaine des Puys | 6020 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Chaine des Puys | 6250 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Radiogenic: Thermoluminescence |
Chaine des Puys | 6550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Chaine des Puys | 7020 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Chaine des Puys | 7740 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Radiogenic: Thermoluminescence |
Chaine des Puys | 7840 BCE ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Central European Volcanic Province
Volcano Name | Start Date | Stop Date | Certainty | VEI | Evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
West Eifel Volcanic Field | 8300 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
West Eifel Volcanic Field | 8740 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Italian Peninsula Volcanic Provinces
Volcano Name | Start Date | Stop Date | Certainty | VEI | Evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vesuvius | 1913 Jul 5 | 1944 Apr 4 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | 1875 Dec 18 | 1906 Apr 22 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | [1874 Jan] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Vesuvius | 1870 Dec | 1872 Apr 30 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | 1864 Feb 10 | 1868 Nov 26 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | 1855 Dec 19 | 1861 Dec 31 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | 1854 Dec 14 | 1855 May 27 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | 1841 Sep 20 | 1850 Feb 16 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | 1835 Jan | 1839 Jan 3 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | 1824 Jul 2 | 1834 Sep 2 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | 1796 Jan | 1822 Nov 16 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | 1783 Aug 18 | 1794 Jul 5 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | 1770 Feb 15 | 1779 Oct 4 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | 1764 | 1767 Oct 27 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | 1744 Nov (?) | 1761 Jan 6 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | 1742 | 1743 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | 1732 Dec 25 | 1737 Jun 4 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | 1724 Sep 4 | 1730 Apr 1 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | 1708 Aug 14 | 1723 Jul 8 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | 1701 Jul 1 | 1707 Aug 22 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | 1697 Sep 15 | 1698 Jul | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | 1696 Jul 31 | 1696 Aug 14 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | 1685 Oct 3 | 1694 Apr 29 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | 1682 Aug 12 | 1682 Aug 22 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | 1654 Feb 25 | 1680 Mar 28 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | 1637 Jul 1 | 1652 Dec | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | 1631 Dec 16 | 1632 Jan 31 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | 1570 (in or before) | 1572 ± 1 years | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Campi Flegrei | 1538 Sep 29 | 1538 Oct 6 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | 1500 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | [1347] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Ischia | 1302 Jan 18 | 1302 Mar | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ischia | 1290 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Vesuvius | [1270] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Campi Flegrei | 1198 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | 1150 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | 1139 Jun 1 | 1139 Jun 9 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | [1073 ± 5 years] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Vesuvius | [1049] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Vesuvius | 1037 Jan 27 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | 1006 Dec 31 ± 365 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | 0999 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | 0991 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | 0968 Dec 1 ± 30 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | 0900 ± 40 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Magnetism |
Vesuvius | 0860 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Magnetism |
Ischia | 0820 ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Vesuvius | 0787 Oct 15 ± 45 days | 0788 Jan 15 ± 45 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | 0685 Feb | 0685 Mar | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ischia | 0540 ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Vesuvius | 0536 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | 0512 Jul 8 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | [0505 Nov 9] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Vesuvius | 0472 Nov 5 | 0472 Nov 6 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | 0379 | 0395 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | [0303] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Ischia | 0295 ± 10 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | 0222 | 0235 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | 0203 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | 0172 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ischia | 0145 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ischia | 0080 ± 1 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vesuvius | 0079 Oct 24 (?) | 0079 Oct 28 ± 1 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ischia | [0069] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Ischia | 0040 ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Ischia | 0006 BCE ± 20 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ischia | 0091 BCE | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vulsini | [0104 BCE] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Ischia | 0200 BCE ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Magnetism |
Vesuvius | 0217 BCE | 0216 BCE | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ischia | 0370 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Magnetism |
Ischia | 0470 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ischia | 0490 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Magnetism |
Vesuvius | 0600 BCE (in or before) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Anthropology |
Colli Albani | [0600 BCE] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Ischia | 0700 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Vesuvius | 0880 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Ischia | 0930 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Vesuvius | 1430 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Ischia | 1480 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Magnetism |
Vesuvius | 1550 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Campi Flegrei | 1650 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Campi Flegrei | 1870 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Campi Flegrei | 2000 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Campi Flegrei | 2040 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Campi Flegrei | 2080 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Campi Flegrei | 2150 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Campi Flegrei | 2220 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Campi Flegrei | 2330 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Ischia | 2350 BCE ± 1400 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: K/Ar |
Vesuvius | 2420 BCE ± 40 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Campi Flegrei | 2440 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Campi Flegrei | 2500 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Campi Flegrei | 2580 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Ischia | 2700 BCE ± 1750 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Campi Flegrei | 2890 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Ischia | 3050 BCE ± 1000 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: K/Ar |
Ischia | 3580 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Ischia | 3880 BCE ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Magnetism |
Campi Flegrei | 6300 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Campi Flegrei | 6490 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Campi Flegrei | 6650 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Vesuvius | 6940 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Ischia | 7550 BCE ± 2400 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: K/Ar |
Campi Flegrei | 7590 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Campi Flegrei | 7980 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Campi Flegrei | 8480 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Aeolian Volcanic Arc
Volcano Name | Start Date | Stop Date | Certainty | VEI | Evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stromboli | 1934 Feb 2 | 2025 May 2 (continuing) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Stromboli | 1932 Jun 3 | 1932 Jun 3 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Stromboli | 1910 May | 1931 Jul | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vulcano | [1892 Dec 14] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Stromboli | 1890 | 1907 May 29 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vulcano | 1888 Aug 2 | 1890 Mar 22 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vulcano | 1886 Jan 5 ± 4 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vulcano | 1873 Sep | 1879 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Stromboli | 1857 | 1889 Jun 26 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vulcano | [1831] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Vulcano | [1822] | [1823] | Uncertain | ||
Vulcano | [1812] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Vulcano | [1786] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Vulcano | 1780 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vulcano | [1775] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Vulcano | 1771 Feb 17 | 1771 May | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vulcano | 1731 | 1739 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vulcano | 1727 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vulcano | 1688 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vulcano | 1651 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vulcano | 1631 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vulcano | 1626 Mar | 1626 Apr | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vulcano | 1618 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Stromboli | 1558 (in or before) | 1857 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vulcano | 1550 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vulcano | 1444 Feb 4 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vulcano | 1230 ± 20 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Magnetism |
Lipari | 1230 ± 40 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Magnetism |
Vulcano | 1200 ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Magnetism |
Vulcano | 1040 ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Magnetism |
Stromboli | 0950 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vulcano | 0925 ± 25 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Lipari | 0780 ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Vulcano | 0729 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Stromboli | 0550 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vulcano | 0526 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Stromboli | 0250 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Stromboli | 0150 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vulcano | 0144 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Stromboli | 0050 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vulcano | 0050 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vulcano | [0010 BCE ± 10 years] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Vulcano | 0024 BCE ± 5 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Stromboli | 0050 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vulcano | 0091 BCE | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vulcano | 0126 Jun BCE | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vulcano | 0150 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: Uranium-series |
Vulcano | 0183 BCE | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Stromboli | 0210 BCE ± 10 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vulcano | 0215 BCE | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vulcano | 0300 BCE | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Stromboli | 0350 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vulcano | 0360 BCE ± 10 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vulcano | 0475 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vulcano | 0950 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: Uranium-series |
Marsili | 1050 BCE ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Vulcano | 1300 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Vulcano | 2650 BCE ± 1700 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: K/Ar |
Marsili | 3050 BCE ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Vulcano | 3550 BCE ± 1300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: K/Ar |
Stromboli | 4050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Stromboli | 4250 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Magnetism |
Stromboli | 4550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Magnetism |
Stromboli | 4800 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Magnetism |
Stromboli | 5050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Magnetism |
Stromboli | 5550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Magnetism |
Stromboli | 5800 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Magnetism |
Lipari | 5820 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Stromboli | 6050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Magnetism |
Vulcano | 6350 BCE ± 1600 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: K/Ar |
Vulcano | 6550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: K/Ar |
Palinuro | 8040 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Sicily Volcanic Province
Volcano Name | Start Date | Stop Date | Certainty | VEI | Evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Etna | 2022 Nov 27 | 2025 May 2 (continuing) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 2013 Sep 3 | 2022 Jun 17 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 2010 Aug 25 | 2013 Apr 27 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 2010 Apr 8 | 2010 Apr 8 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 2007 Mar 19 | 2009 Jul 4 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 2006 Jul 14 | 2006 Dec 15 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 2005 Dec 16 | 2005 Dec 22 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 2004 Sep 7 | 2005 Mar 8 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 2004 Feb 12 | 2004 Feb 14 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 2001 Dec 16 (?) ± 15 days | 2003 Nov 9 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1994 Jun 17 | 2001 Aug 9 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1993 Aug 3 | 1993 Oct 13 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1979 Jul 3 | 1993 Mar 30 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1971 Sep 19 | 1979 Mar 16 (?) ± 15 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1966 Jan 10 | 1971 Jun 12 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1959 Oct 17 | 1964 Dec 31 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1959 Mar 23 | 1959 Apr 25 ± 5 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1958 Nov 16 ± 15 days | 1958 Dec 16 ± 15 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1957 Aug 25 | 1958 May 3 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1957 Feb 5 | 1957 May 7 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1955 Apr 5 | 1956 Apr 7 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | [1953 Jul 30] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Etna | 1949 Dec 2 | 1952 May 30 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1947 Jan 29 | 1947 Mar 10 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1946 Feb | 1946 Oct | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1945 Jun 5 ± 4 days | 1945 Oct | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1941 Oct (?) | 1944 Apr 26 ± 4 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1935 Jul 7 | 1941 Jan 27 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1934 Jan 5 | 1934 Mar | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1931 Jul 26 ± 5 days | 1933 Sep | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1930 Nov 1 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1929 Aug 2 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1928 Jul 31 | 1928 Nov 20 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1926 Jan 2 | 1926 Jun | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1919 Mar 15 | 1925 Feb | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1918 Mar | 1918 Dec 1 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1917 Jun 24 | 1917 Jul 5 ± 4 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1913 Nov 13 | 1917 Mar | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1912 Aug 4 | 1912 Aug | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Campi Flegrei del Mar di Sicilia | [1911 Sep 30] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Etna | 1911 Aug | 1911 Sep 26 ± 4 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1910 Dec 27 | 1911 Feb 17 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1910 Feb 21 | 1910 Apr 18 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1908 Apr 29 | 1909 Sep 28 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1899 Nov 15 | 1907 Aug | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1899 Jul 19 | 1899 Aug 5 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1893 Apr 26 | 1898 Jun | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1892 Jun 20 | 1892 Dec 29 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Pantelleria | [1891 Dec] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Pantelleria | 1891 Oct 17 | 1891 Oct 25 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1891 Feb 20 | 1891 Dec | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1890 May | 1890 Oct 17 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1888 Apr 13 (on or before) | 1889 Aug | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1887 May 31 | 1887 Aug | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1884 | 1886 Jun 7 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1878 Dec 23 | 1883 Mar 31 (on or after) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1874 Aug 29 | 1874 Aug 31 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1874 May | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1869 Sep 26 | 1869 Sep 26 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1868 Nov 26 (?) | 1868 Dec 8 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Campi Flegrei del Mar di Sicilia | 1867 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1865 Jan 30 | 1865 Jun 28 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1864 Aug 5 ± 4 days | 1864 Sep 19 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Campi Flegrei del Mar di Sicilia | 1863 Aug 12 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1863 May 1 | 1863 Jul 25 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | [1857 Sep 6] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Etna | 1852 Aug 20 | 1853 May 27 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Campi Flegrei del Mar di Sicilia | 1846 Oct 4 | 1846 Oct 5 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1843 Nov 17 | 1843 Dec 16 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1842 Nov 18 | 1842 Dec 29 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1838 Jul 8 | 1839 Feb | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1832 Oct 31 | 1832 Nov 22 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Campi Flegrei del Mar di Sicilia | 1831 Jun 28 (on or after) | 1831 Aug 11 ± 4 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Pantelleria | [1831] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Etna | 1820 Dec (?) | 1833 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1819 May 27 | 1819 Aug 5 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | [1816 Mar 6] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Etna | 1811 Oct 27 | 1812 May (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1809 Mar 27 | 1809 Apr 9 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1803 Jan 1 | 1819 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1802 Nov 15 | 1802 Nov 18 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1793 (?) | 1802 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1792 Mar | 1793 May 26 ± 5 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1791 Feb | 1791 Sep | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1787 Jun 4 ± 4 days | 1787 Aug 11 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1781 Mar | 1781 May 10 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1780 Apr 20 (?) | 1780 Jul (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1776 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | [1770 May 28 ± 1 days] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Etna | 1767 May 2 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1766 Apr 27 | 1766 Nov 6 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1732 Dec 9 | 1765 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1727 Nov 22 | 1728 May 10 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | [1723 Nov 22] | [1724 May (?)] | Uncertain | ||
Etna | 1702 Mar 8 | 1702 May 8 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Campi Flegrei del Mar di Sicilia | [1701] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Etna | 1693 Dec | 1694 Nov (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | [1693 Jan 9] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Etna | 1689 Mar 14 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1688 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1682 Sep 1 | 1682 Oct (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1669 Mar 11 | 1669 Jul 11 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1654 Jan 1 | 1656 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1651 Jan 17 | 1653 Jul (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1646 Nov 20 | 1647 Jan 17 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1643 Feb 20 | 1643 Feb 28 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1634 Dec 19 (?) | 1638 Apr 27 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | [1633 Feb 21] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Campi Flegrei del Mar di Sicilia | 1632 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1614 Jul 1 (?) | 1624 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1610 Feb 6 | 1610 Aug 15 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1607 Jun 28 | 1608 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1603 Jul | 1610 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1579 Sep 9 (?) | 1580 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | [1578] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Etna | 1566 Nov 1 (?) | 1566 Dec | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | [1554] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Etna | 1541 Jul (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1540 Jul | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1537 Mar (?) | 1537 Jul | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1536 Mar 22 | 1536 Dec (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1493 (?) | 1500 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1447 Sep 21 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1446 Sep 25 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1444 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1408 Nov 8 | 1408 Nov 25 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1381 Aug 5 (?) ± 1 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1350 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1333 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1329 Jun 28 | 1329 Aug 4 ± 4 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1284 | 1285 Jan (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1250 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1224 Aug (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1194 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | [1169 Feb 4] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Etna | 1164 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1160 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1157 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1063 ± 1 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | [1044] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Etna | [1004] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Etna | [0911] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Etna | [0859] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Etna | [0814] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Etna | [0812 (?)] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Etna | [0644] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Etna | 0417 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 0252 Feb 1 | 0252 Feb 9 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 0100 ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Etna | [0080 (?)] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Etna | 0039 ± 1 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 0010 (?) | 0020 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | [0010 BCE (?)] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Etna | 0032 Dec 31 BCE ± 365 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 0036 Jul 15 BCE ± 45 days | 0035 BCE | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 0044 Mar BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 0049 BCE | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | [0056 BCE] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Etna | [0061 BCE] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Etna | 0122 BCE | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 0126 Jun BCE (on or before) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 0135 BCE | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 0141 Dec 31 BCE ± 365 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Campi Flegrei del Mar di Sicilia | 0253 BCE ± 12 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 0396 Apr 15 BCE (?) ± 45 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 0425 Mar 15 BCE ± 15 days | 0424 BCE (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 0479 Aug BCE (?) | 0475 BCE (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | [0565 BCE] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Etna | 0695 BCE ± 2 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | [0735 BCE] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Etna | 1050 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Pantelleria | 1080 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Etna | 1420 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Etna | 1500 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etna | 1980 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Etna | 2330 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Etna | 3050 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Etna | 3390 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Etna | 3510 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Etna | 4150 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Pantelleria | 4430 BCE ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Pantelleria | 4550 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Magnetism |
Etna | 5150 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Pantelleria | 5610 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Pantelleria | 6130 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Etna | 6190 BCE ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Pantelleria | 7050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: K/Ar |
Hellenic Volcanic Arc
Volcano Name | Start Date | Stop Date | Certainty | VEI | Evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Santorini | 1950 Jan 10 | 1950 Feb 2 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Santorini | 1939 Aug 20 | 1941 Jul 2 ± 1 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Santorini | 1928 Jan 23 | 1928 Mar 17 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Santorini | 1925 Aug 11 | 1926 May | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Methana | [1922 Aug] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Nisyros | 1888 Sep 25 ± 4 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Nisyros | 1873 Jun | 1873 Sep 26 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Nisyros | 1871 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Santorini | 1866 Jan 26 | 1870 Oct 15 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Santorini | 1707 May 23 | 1711 Sep 14 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Kolumbo | 1650 Sep 27 | 1650 Dec 6 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Santorini | 1570 | 1573 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Nisyros | 1422 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Santorini | 0726 Jul 15 ± 45 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Milos | 0140 ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Santorini | 0046 Dec 31 | 0047 Feb 1 ± 30 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Santorini | 0197 BCE | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Methana | 0258 BCE ± 18 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Santorini | 1610 BCE ± 14 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Western Anatolian Volcanic Province
Volcano Name | Start Date | Stop Date | Certainty | VEI | Evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Erciyes Volcanic Complex | [0253 (in or before)] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Nevsehir-Acigol Volcanic Complex | [2080 BCE ± 200 years] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Nevsehir-Acigol Volcanic Complex | [2370 BCE ± 200 years] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Nevsehir-Acigol Volcanic Complex | [3500 BCE (?)] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Nevsehir-Acigol Volcanic Complex | [6230 BCE (?)] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Hasandag-Keciboyduran Volcanic Complex | [6750 BCE ± 50 years] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Erciyes Volcanic Complex | 6880 BCE ± 40 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Hasandag-Keciboyduran Volcanic Complex | [7550 BCE ± 50 years] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Nevsehir-Acigol Volcanic Complex | [7810 BCE (?)] | [Unknown] | Uncertain |
There are 52 Pleistocene volcanoes in the European Volcanic Regions.
Western European Volcanic Province
Volcano Name | Country | Volcanic Landform |
---|---|---|
Cofrentes | Spain | Cluster |
Islas Columbretes | Spain | Cluster |
Logudoro | Italy | Cluster |
Corvo | Portugal | Composite |
Central European Volcanic Province
Volcano Name | Country | Volcanic Landform |
---|---|---|
East Eifel Volcanic Field | Germany | Cluster |
Cheb Basin | Czechia | Cluster |
South Harghita Mountains | Romania | Minor |
Persani Mountains | Romania | Cluster |
Apuseni Mountains | Romania | Cluster |
Lucaret Basalts | Romania | Cluster |
Bakony-Balaton Highland | Hungary | Cluster |
Little Hungarian Plain | Hungary | Cluster |
Nograd-Southern Slovakia | Hungary-Slovakia | Cluster |
Central Slovakia | Slovakia | Cluster |
Rodderberg | Germany | Minor |
Bruntal Volcanic Field | Czechia | Cluster |
Italian Peninsula Volcanic Provinces
Volcano Name | Country | Volcanic Landform |
---|---|---|
Ventotene | Italy | Composite |
Pontine Islands | Italy | Minor |
Gaeta Bay Volcanic Field | Italy | Cluster |
Monti Ernici | Italy | Cluster |
Roccamonfina | Italy | Composite |
San Venanzo | Italy | Minor |
Acquasparta | Italy | Cluster |
Polino | Italy | Minor |
Cupaello | Italy | Minor |
Oricola-Carsoli | Italy | Cluster |
Monte Vulture | Italy | Composite |
Vulsini | Italy | Caldera |
Vico-Cimino Complex | Italy | Composite |
Sabatini Complex | Italy | Composite |
Amiata | Italy | Minor |
Radicofani | Italy | Minor |
Torre Alfina | Italy | Minor |
Aeolian Volcanic Arc
Volcano Name | Country | Volcanic Landform |
---|---|---|
Salina | Italy | Composite |
Filicudi | Italy | Composite |
Alicudi | Italy | Composite |
Sicily Volcanic Province
Volcano Name | Country | Volcanic Landform |
---|---|---|
Iblei | Italy | Shield |
Ustica | Italy | Composite |
Linosa | Italy | Minor |
Hellenic Volcanic Arc
Volcano Name | Country | Volcanic Landform |
---|---|---|
Antiparos | Greece | Minor |
Yali | Greece | Composite |
Kos | Greece | Caldera |
Aegina | Greece | Cluster |
Poros | Greece | Cluster |
Western Anatolian Volcanic Province
Volcano Name | Country | Volcanic Landform |
---|---|---|
Karapinar Monogenetic Field | Turkiye | Cluster |
Derinkuyu Volcanic Complex | Turkiye | Cluster |
Nevsehir-Acigol Volcanic Complex | Turkiye | Cluster |
Egrikuyu Monogenetic Field | Turkiye | Cluster |
Ceyhan-Osmaniye | Turkiye | Cluster |
Golcuk | Turkiye | Caldera |
Volos-Atalanti | Greece | Cluster |
Psathoura | Greece | Minor |