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Volcanoes in the European Volcanic Regions

  • Volcano photo slideshow

    Santorini

  • Volcano photo slideshow

    Etna

  • Volcano photo slideshow

    Santorini

  • Volcano photo slideshow

    Lipari

  • Volcano photo slideshow

    Etna

  • Volcano photo slideshow

    Etna

  • Volcano photo slideshow

    Vesuvius

  • Volcano photo slideshow

    Santorini

  • Volcano photo slideshow

    Vesuvius

  • Volcano photo slideshow

    Vesuvius

  • Volcano photo slideshow

    Chaine des Puys

  • Volcano photo slideshow

    Santorini

  • Volcano photo slideshow

    Vesuvius

  • Volcano photo slideshow

    West Eifel Volcanic Field

  • Volcano photo slideshow

    Vulcano

  • Volcano photo slideshow

    Vesuvius

  • Volcano photo slideshow

    Vesuvius

  • Volcano photo slideshow

    Santorini

  • Volcano photo slideshow

    Ischia

  • Volcano photo slideshow

    West Eifel Volcanic Field

  • Current

Additional information about the Volcanic Regions in this group and a map display is still being prepared.

There are 24 Holocene volcanoes in the European Volcanic Regions.

Western European Volcanic Province

Volcano Name Country Last Eruption Volcanic Landform
Chaine des Puys France 4040 BCE Cluster
Calatrava Volcanic Field Spain 3600 BCE Cluster
Olot Volcanic Field Spain Unknown Cluster

Central European Province

Volcano Name Country Last Eruption Volcanic Landform
West Eifel Volcanic Field Germany 8300 BCE Cluster

Italian Peninsula Volcanic Provinces

Volcano Name Country Last Eruption Volcanic Landform
Campi Flegrei Italy 1538 CE Caldera
Vesuvius Italy 1944 CE Composite
Ischia Italy 1302 CE Composite
Colli Albani Italy Unknown Caldera

Aeolian Volcanic Arc

Volcano Name Country Last Eruption Volcanic Landform
Lipari Italy 1230 CE Composite
Vulcano Italy 1890 CE Composite
Stromboli Italy 2024 CE Composite
Panarea Italy Unknown Composite
Palinuro Italy 8040 BCE Composite
Marsili Italy 1050 BCE Composite

Sicily Volcanic Province

Volcano Name Country Last Eruption Volcanic Landform
Etna Italy 2024 CE Composite
Campi Flegrei del Mar di Sicilia Italy 1867 CE Cluster
Pantelleria Italy 1891 CE Shield

Hellenic Volcanic Arc

Volcano Name Country Last Eruption Volcanic Landform
Milos Greece 140 CE Composite
Santorini Greece 1950 CE Shield
Nisyros Greece 1888 CE Composite
Methana Greece 258 BCE Minor (Basaltic)

Western Anatolian Volcanic Province

Volcano Name Country Last Eruption Volcanic Landform
Kula Turkiye Unknown Cluster
Hasandag-Keciboyduran Volcanic Complex Turkiye Unknown Cluster
Erciyes Volcanic Complex Turkiye 6880 BCE Composite

Chronological listings of known Holocene eruptions (confirmed or uncertain) from volcanoes in the European Volcanic Regions. Bolded eruptions indicate current continuing activity as of 16 August 2024.

Western European Volcanic Province

Volcano Name Start Date Stop Date Certainty VEI Evidence
Calatrava Volcanic Field 3600 BCE ± 500 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)
Chaine des Puys 4040 BCE ± 150 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)
Chaine des Puys 5760 BCE (?) Unknown Confirmed 2 Radiogenic: Thermoluminescence
Chaine des Puys 6020 BCE ± 150 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)
Chaine des Puys 6250 BCE (?) Unknown Confirmed 2 Radiogenic: Thermoluminescence
Chaine des Puys 6550 BCE (?) Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)
Chaine des Puys 7020 BCE ± 100 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)
Chaine des Puys 7740 BCE (?) Unknown Confirmed 2 Radiogenic: Thermoluminescence
Chaine des Puys 7840 BCE ± 200 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

Central European Province

Volcano Name Start Date Stop Date Certainty VEI Evidence
West Eifel Volcanic Field 8300 BCE ± 300 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)
West Eifel Volcanic Field 8740 BCE ± 150 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

Italian Peninsula Volcanic Provinces

Volcano Name Start Date Stop Date Certainty VEI Evidence
Vesuvius 1913 Jul 5 1944 Apr 4 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius 1875 Dec 18 1906 Apr 22 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius [1874 Jan] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Vesuvius 1870 Dec 1872 Apr 30 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius 1864 Feb 10 1868 Nov 26 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius 1855 Dec 19 1861 Dec 31 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius 1854 Dec 14 1855 May 27 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius 1841 Sep 20 1850 Feb 16 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius 1835 Jan 1839 Jan 3 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius 1824 Jul 2 1834 Sep 2 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius 1796 Jan 1822 Nov 16 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius 1783 Aug 18 1794 Jul 5 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius 1770 Feb 15 1779 Oct 4 (?) Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius 1764 1767 Oct 27 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius 1744 Nov (?) 1761 Jan 6 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius 1742 1743 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius 1732 Dec 25 1737 Jun 4 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius 1724 Sep 4 1730 Apr 1 (?) Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius 1708 Aug 14 1723 Jul 8 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius 1701 Jul 1 1707 Aug 22 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius 1697 Sep 15 1698 Jul Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius 1696 Jul 31 1696 Aug 14 (?) Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius 1685 Oct 3 1694 Apr 29 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius 1682 Aug 12 1682 Aug 22 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius 1654 Feb 25 1680 Mar 28 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius 1637 Jul 1 1652 Dec Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius 1631 Dec 16 1632 Jan 31 (?) Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius 1570 (in or before) 1572 ± 1 years Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Campi Flegrei 1538 Sep 29 1538 Oct 6 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius 1500 Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius [1347] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Ischia 1302 Jan 18 1302 Mar Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Ischia 1290 (?) Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)
Vesuvius [1270] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Campi Flegrei 1198 Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius 1150 Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius 1139 Jun 1 1139 Jun 9 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius [1073 ± 5 years] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Vesuvius [1049] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Vesuvius 1037 Jan 27 Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius 1006 Dec 31 ± 365 days Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius 0999 Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius 0991 Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius 0968 Dec 1 ± 30 days Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius 0900 ± 40 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Correlation: Magnetism
Vesuvius 0860 ± 50 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Correlation: Magnetism
Ischia 0820 ± 300 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)
Vesuvius 0787 Oct 15 ± 45 days 0788 Jan 15 ± 45 days Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius 0685 Feb 0685 Mar Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Ischia 0540 ± 150 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)
Vesuvius 0536 Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius 0512 Jul 8 Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius [0505 Nov 9] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Vesuvius 0472 Nov 5 0472 Nov 6 (?) Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius 0379 0395 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius [0303] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Ischia 0295 ± 10 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius 0222 0235 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius 0203 Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius 0172 Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Ischia 0145 (?) Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Ischia 0080 ± 1 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vesuvius 0079 Oct 24 (?) 0079 Oct 28 ± 1 days Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Ischia [0069] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Ischia 0040 ± 75 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)
Ischia 0006 BCE ± 20 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Ischia 0091 BCE Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vulsini [0104 BCE] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Ischia 0200 BCE ± 200 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Correlation: Magnetism
Vesuvius 0217 BCE 0216 BCE Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Ischia 0370 BCE ± 150 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Correlation: Magnetism
Ischia 0470 BCE (?) Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Ischia 0490 BCE ± 150 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Correlation: Magnetism
Vesuvius 0600 BCE (in or before) Unknown Confirmed 2 Correlation: Anthropology
Colli Albani [0600 BCE] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Ischia 0700 BCE ± 75 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Correlation: Tephrochronology
Vesuvius 0880 BCE ± 50 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)
Ischia 0930 BCE ± 150 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)
Vesuvius 1430 BCE ± 300 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)
Ischia 1480 BCE ± 300 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Correlation: Magnetism
Vesuvius 1550 BCE ± 75 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)
Campi Flegrei 1650 BCE (?) Unknown Confirmed 2 Correlation: Tephrochronology
Campi Flegrei 1870 BCE ± 50 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)
Campi Flegrei 2000 BCE ± 150 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Correlation: Tephrochronology
Campi Flegrei 2040 BCE (?) Unknown Confirmed 2 Correlation: Tephrochronology
Campi Flegrei 2080 BCE ± 75 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Correlation: Tephrochronology
Campi Flegrei 2150 BCE ± 500 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)
Campi Flegrei 2220 BCE ± 50 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)
Campi Flegrei 2330 BCE ± 150 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Correlation: Tephrochronology
Ischia 2350 BCE ± 1400 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: K/Ar
Vesuvius 2420 BCE ± 40 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)
Campi Flegrei 2440 BCE (?) Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)
Campi Flegrei 2500 BCE (?) Unknown Confirmed 2 Correlation: Tephrochronology
Campi Flegrei 2580 BCE ± 50 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)
Ischia 2700 BCE ± 1750 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Correlation: Tephrochronology
Campi Flegrei 2890 BCE ± 50 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)
Ischia 3050 BCE ± 1000 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: K/Ar
Ischia 3580 BCE ± 300 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)
Ischia 3880 BCE ± 200 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Correlation: Magnetism
Campi Flegrei 6300 BCE ± 50 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)
Campi Flegrei 6490 BCE (?) Unknown Confirmed 2 Correlation: Tephrochronology
Campi Flegrei 6650 BCE ± 100 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)
Vesuvius 6940 BCE ± 100 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)
Ischia 7550 BCE ± 2400 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: K/Ar
Campi Flegrei 7590 BCE ± 50 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)
Campi Flegrei 7980 BCE ± 500 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Correlation: Tephrochronology
Campi Flegrei 8480 BCE ± 100 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

Aeolian Volcanic Arc

Volcano Name Start Date Stop Date Certainty VEI Evidence
Stromboli 1934 Feb 2 2024 Aug 16 (continuing) Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Stromboli 1932 Jun 3 1932 Jun 3 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Stromboli 1910 May 1931 Jul Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vulcano [1892 Dec 14] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Stromboli 1890 1907 May 29 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vulcano 1888 Aug 2 1890 Mar 22 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vulcano 1886 Jan 5 ± 4 days Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vulcano 1873 Sep 1879 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Stromboli 1857 1889 Jun 26 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vulcano [1831] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Vulcano [1822] [1823] Uncertain  
Vulcano [1812] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Vulcano [1786] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Vulcano 1780 Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vulcano [1775] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Vulcano 1771 Feb 17 1771 May Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vulcano 1731 1739 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vulcano 1727 Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vulcano 1688 Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vulcano 1651 Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vulcano 1631 Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vulcano 1626 Mar 1626 Apr Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vulcano 1618 Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Stromboli 1558 (in or before) 1857 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vulcano 1550 Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vulcano 1444 Feb 4 Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vulcano 1230 ± 20 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Correlation: Magnetism
Lipari 1230 ± 40 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Correlation: Magnetism
Vulcano 1200 ± 75 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Correlation: Magnetism
Vulcano 1040 ± 75 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Correlation: Magnetism
Stromboli 0950 ± 50 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vulcano 0925 ± 25 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Lipari 0780 ± 100 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)
Vulcano 0729 Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Stromboli 0550 ± 50 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vulcano 0526 (?) Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Stromboli 0250 ± 50 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Stromboli 0150 ± 50 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vulcano 0144 Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Stromboli 0050 ± 50 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vulcano 0050 ± 50 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vulcano [0010 BCE ± 10 years] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Vulcano 0024 BCE ± 5 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Stromboli 0050 BCE ± 50 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vulcano 0091 BCE Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vulcano 0126 Jun BCE Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vulcano 0150 BCE ± 300 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: Uranium-series
Vulcano 0183 BCE Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Stromboli 0210 BCE ± 10 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vulcano 0215 BCE Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vulcano 0300 BCE Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Stromboli 0350 BCE ± 50 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vulcano 0360 BCE ± 10 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vulcano 0475 BCE (?) Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Vulcano 0950 BCE ± 500 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: Uranium-series
Marsili 1050 BCE ± 200 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)
Vulcano 1300 BCE (?) Unknown Confirmed 2 Correlation: Tephrochronology
Vulcano 2650 BCE ± 1700 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: K/Ar
Marsili 3050 BCE ± 200 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Correlation: Tephrochronology
Vulcano 3550 BCE ± 1300 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: K/Ar
Stromboli 4050 BCE (?) Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)
Stromboli 4250 BCE (?) Unknown Confirmed 2 Correlation: Magnetism
Stromboli 4550 BCE (?) Unknown Confirmed 2 Correlation: Magnetism
Stromboli 4800 BCE ± 300 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Correlation: Magnetism
Stromboli 5050 BCE (?) Unknown Confirmed 2 Correlation: Magnetism
Stromboli 5550 BCE (?) Unknown Confirmed 2 Correlation: Magnetism
Stromboli 5800 BCE ± 300 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Correlation: Magnetism
Lipari 5820 BCE ± 75 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)
Stromboli 6050 BCE (?) Unknown Confirmed 2 Correlation: Magnetism
Vulcano 6350 BCE ± 1600 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: K/Ar
Vulcano 6550 BCE (?) Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: K/Ar
Palinuro 8040 BCE ± 100 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

Sicily Volcanic Province

Volcano Name Start Date Stop Date Certainty VEI Evidence
Etna 2022 Nov 27 2024 Aug 16 (continuing) Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 2013 Sep 3 2022 Jun 17 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 2010 Aug 25 2013 Apr 27 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 2010 Apr 8 2010 Apr 8 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 2007 Mar 19 2009 Jul 4 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 2006 Jul 14 2006 Dec 15 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 2005 Dec 16 2005 Dec 22 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 2004 Sep 7 2005 Mar 8 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 2004 Feb 12 2004 Feb 14 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 2001 Dec 16 (?) ± 15 days 2003 Nov 9 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1994 Jun 17 2001 Aug 9 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1993 Aug 3 1993 Oct 13 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1979 Jul 3 1993 Mar 30 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1971 Sep 19 1979 Mar 16 (?) ± 15 days Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1966 Jan 10 1971 Jun 12 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1959 Oct 17 1964 Dec 31 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1959 Mar 23 1959 Apr 25 ± 5 days Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1958 Nov 16 ± 15 days 1958 Dec 16 ± 15 days Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1957 Aug 25 1958 May 3 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1957 Feb 5 1957 May 7 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1955 Apr 5 1956 Apr 7 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna [1953 Jul 30] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Etna 1949 Dec 2 1952 May 30 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1947 Jan 29 1947 Mar 10 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1946 Feb 1946 Oct Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1945 Jun 5 ± 4 days 1945 Oct Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1941 Oct (?) 1944 Apr 26 ± 4 days Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1935 Jul 7 1941 Jan 27 (?) Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1934 Jan 5 1934 Mar Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1931 Jul 26 ± 5 days 1933 Sep Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1930 Nov 1 Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1929 Aug 2 Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1928 Jul 31 1928 Nov 20 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1926 Jan 2 1926 Jun Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1919 Mar 15 1925 Feb Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1918 Mar 1918 Dec 1 (?) Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1917 Jun 24 1917 Jul 5 ± 4 days Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1913 Nov 13 1917 Mar Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1912 Aug 4 1912 Aug Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Campi Flegrei del Mar di Sicilia [1911 Sep 30] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Etna 1911 Aug 1911 Sep 26 ± 4 days Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1910 Dec 27 1911 Feb 17 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1910 Feb 21 1910 Apr 18 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1908 Apr 29 1909 Sep 28 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1899 Nov 15 1907 Aug Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1899 Jul 19 1899 Aug 5 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1893 Apr 26 1898 Jun Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1892 Jun 20 1892 Dec 29 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Pantelleria [1891 Dec] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Pantelleria 1891 Oct 17 1891 Oct 25 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1891 Feb 20 1891 Dec Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1890 May 1890 Oct 17 (?) Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1888 Apr 13 (in or before) 1889 Aug Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1887 May 31 1887 Aug Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1884 1886 Jun 7 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1878 Dec 23 1883 Mar 31 (in or after) Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1874 Aug 29 1874 Aug 31 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1874 May Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1869 Sep 26 1869 Sep 26 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1868 Nov 26 (?) 1868 Dec 8 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Campi Flegrei del Mar di Sicilia 1867 Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1865 Jan 30 1865 Jun 28 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1864 Aug 5 ± 4 days 1864 Sep 19 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Campi Flegrei del Mar di Sicilia 1863 Aug 12 Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1863 May 1 1863 Jul 25 (?) Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna [1857 Sep 6] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Etna 1852 Aug 20 1853 May 27 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Campi Flegrei del Mar di Sicilia 1846 Oct 4 1846 Oct 5 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1843 Nov 17 1843 Dec 16 (?) Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1842 Nov 18 1842 Dec 29 (?) Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1838 Jul 8 1839 Feb Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1832 Oct 31 1832 Nov 22 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Campi Flegrei del Mar di Sicilia 1831 Jun 28 (in or after) 1831 Aug 11 ± 4 days Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Pantelleria [1831] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Etna 1820 Dec (?) 1833 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1819 May 27 1819 Aug 5 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna [1816 Mar 6] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Etna 1811 Oct 27 1812 May (?) Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1809 Mar 27 1809 Apr 9 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1803 Jan 1 1819 (?) Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1802 Nov 15 1802 Nov 18 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1793 (?) 1802 (?) Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1792 Mar 1793 May 26 ± 5 days Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1791 Feb 1791 Sep Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1787 Jun 4 ± 4 days 1787 Aug 11 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1781 Mar 1781 May 10 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1780 Apr 20 (?) 1780 Jul (?) Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1776 Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna [1770 May 28 ± 1 days] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Etna 1767 May 2 Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1766 Apr 27 1766 Nov 6 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1732 Dec 9 1765 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1727 Nov 22 1728 May 10 (?) Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna [1723 Nov 22] [1724 May (?)] Uncertain  
Etna 1702 Mar 8 1702 May 8 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Campi Flegrei del Mar di Sicilia [1701] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Etna 1693 Dec 1694 Nov (?) Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna [1693 Jan 9] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Etna 1689 Mar 14 Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1688 Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1682 Sep 1 1682 Oct (?) Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1669 Mar 11 1669 Jul 11 (?) Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1654 Jan 1 1656 (?) Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1651 Jan 17 1653 Jul (?) Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1646 Nov 20 1647 Jan 17 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1643 Feb 20 1643 Feb 28 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1634 Dec 19 (?) 1638 Apr 27 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna [1633 Feb 21] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Campi Flegrei del Mar di Sicilia 1632 Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1614 Jul 1 (?) 1624 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1610 Feb 6 1610 Aug 15 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1607 Jun 28 1608 (?) Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1603 Jul 1610 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1579 Sep 9 (?) 1580 (?) Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna [1578] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Etna 1566 Nov 1 (?) 1566 Dec Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna [1554] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Etna 1541 Jul (?) Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1540 Jul Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1537 Mar (?) 1537 Jul Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1536 Mar 22 1536 Dec (?) Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1493 (?) 1500 (?) Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1447 Sep 21 Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1446 Sep 25 Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1444 Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1408 Nov 8 1408 Nov 25 (?) Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1381 Aug 6 (?) (?) Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1350 Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1333 Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1329 Jun 28 1329 Aug 4 ± 4 days Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1284 1285 Jan (?) Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1250 Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1224 Aug (?) Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1194 Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna [1169 Feb 4] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Etna 1164 (?) Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1160 Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1157 Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1063 ± 1 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna [1044] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Etna [1004] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Etna [0911] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Etna [0859] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Etna [0814] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Etna [0812 (?)] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Etna [0644] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Etna 0417 (?) Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 0252 Feb 1 0252 Feb 9 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 0100 ± 100 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Correlation: Tephrochronology
Etna [0080 (?)] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Etna 0039 ± 1 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 0010 (?) 0020 (?) Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna [0010 BCE (?)] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Etna 0032 Dec 31 BCE ± 365 days Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 0036 Jul 15 BCE ± 45 days 0035 BCE Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 0044 Mar BCE (?) Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 0049 BCE Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna [0056 BCE] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Etna [0061 BCE] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Etna 0122 BCE Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 0126 Jun BCE (in or before) Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 0135 BCE Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 0141 Dec 31 BCE ± 365 days Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Campi Flegrei del Mar di Sicilia 0253 BCE ± 12 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 0396 Apr 15 BCE (?) ± 45 days Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 0425 Mar 15 BCE ± 15 days 0424 BCE (?) Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 0479 Aug BCE (?) 0475 BCE (?) Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna [0565 BCE] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Etna 0695 BCE ± 2 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna [0735 BCE] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Etna 1050 BCE ± 75 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)
Pantelleria 1080 BCE ± 300 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)
Etna 1420 BCE ± 75 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)
Etna 1500 BCE ± 50 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Etna 1980 BCE ± 50 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)
Etna 2330 BCE ± 100 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)
Etna 3050 BCE ± 150 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)
Etna 3390 BCE ± 50 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)
Etna 3510 BCE ± 150 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)
Etna 4150 BCE ± 150 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)
Pantelleria 4430 BCE ± 200 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)
Pantelleria 4550 BCE ± 300 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Correlation: Magnetism
Etna 5150 BCE ± 150 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)
Pantelleria 5610 BCE ± 100 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)
Pantelleria 6130 BCE ± 75 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)
Etna 6190 BCE ± 200 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)
Pantelleria 7050 BCE (?) Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: K/Ar

Hellenic Volcanic Arc

Volcano Name Start Date Stop Date Certainty VEI Evidence
Santorini 1950 Jan 10 1950 Feb 2 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Santorini 1939 Aug 20 1941 Jul 2 ± 1 days Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Santorini 1928 Jan 23 1928 Mar 17 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Santorini 1925 Aug 11 1926 May Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Methana [1922 Aug] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Nisyros 1888 Sep 25 ± 4 days Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Nisyros 1873 Jun 1873 Sep 26 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Nisyros 1871 Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Santorini 1866 Jan 26 1870 Oct 15 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Santorini 1707 May 23 1711 Sep 14 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Santorini 1650 Sep 27 1650 Dec 6 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Santorini 1570 1573 Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Nisyros 1422 Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Santorini 0726 Jul 15 ± 45 days Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Milos 0140 ± 300 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)
Santorini 0046 Dec 31 0047 Feb 1 ± 30 days Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Santorini 0197 BCE Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Methana 0258 BCE ± 18 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Observations: Reported
Santorini 1610 BCE ± 14 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

Western Anatolian Volcanic Province

Volcano Name Start Date Stop Date Certainty VEI Evidence
Erciyes Volcanic Complex [0253 (in or before)] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Nevsehir-Acigol Volcanic Complex [2080 BCE ± 200 years] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Nevsehir-Acigol Volcanic Complex [2370 BCE ± 200 years] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Nevsehir-Acigol Volcanic Complex [3500 BCE (?)] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Nevsehir-Acigol Volcanic Complex [6230 BCE (?)] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Hasandag-Keciboyduran Volcanic Complex [6750 BCE ± 50 years] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Erciyes Volcanic Complex 6880 BCE ± 40 years Unknown Confirmed 2 Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)
Hasandag-Keciboyduran Volcanic Complex [7550 BCE ± 50 years] [Unknown] Uncertain  
Nevsehir-Acigol Volcanic Complex [7810 BCE (?)] [Unknown] Uncertain  

There are 52 Pleistocene volcanoes in the European Volcanic Regions.

Western European Volcanic Province

Volcano Name Country Volcanic Landform
Cofrentes Spain Cluster
Islas Columbretes Spain Cluster
Logudoro Italy Cluster
Corvo Portugal Composite

Central European Province

Volcano Name Country Volcanic Landform
East Eifel Volcanic Field Germany Cluster
Cheb Basin Czechia Cluster
South Harghita Mountains Romania Minor
Persani Mountains Romania Cluster
Apuseni Mountains Romania Cluster
Lucaret Basalts Romania Cluster
Bakony-Balaton Highland Hungary Cluster
Little Hungarian Plain Hungary Cluster
Nograd-Southern Slovakia Hungary-Slovakia Cluster
Central Slovakia Slovakia Cluster
Rodderberg Germany Minor
Bruntal Volcanic Field Czechia Cluster

Italian Peninsula Volcanic Provinces

Volcano Name Country Volcanic Landform
Ventotene Italy Composite
Pontine Islands Italy Minor
Gaeta Bay Volcanic Field Italy Cluster
Monti Ernici Italy Cluster
Roccamonfina Italy Composite
San Venanzo Italy Minor
Acquasparta Italy Cluster
Polino Italy Minor
Cupaello Italy Minor
Oricola-Carsoli Italy Cluster
Monte Vulture Italy Composite
Vulsini Italy Caldera
Vico-Cimino Complex Italy Composite
Sabatini Complex Italy Composite
Amiata Italy Minor
Radicofani Italy Minor
Torre Alfina Italy Minor

Aeolian Volcanic Arc

Volcano Name Country Volcanic Landform
Salina Italy Composite
Filicudi Italy Composite
Alicudi Italy Composite

Sicily Volcanic Province

Volcano Name Country Volcanic Landform
Iblei Italy Shield
Ustica Italy Composite
Linosa Italy Minor

Hellenic Volcanic Arc

Volcano Name Country Volcanic Landform
Antiparos Greece Minor
Yali Greece Composite
Kos Greece Caldera
Aegina Greece Cluster
Poros Greece Cluster

Western Anatolian Volcanic Province

Volcano Name Country Volcanic Landform
Karapinar Monogenetic Field Turkiye Cluster
Derinkuyu Volcanic Complex Turkiye Cluster
Nevsehir-Acigol Volcanic Complex Turkiye Cluster
Egrikuyu Monogenetic Field Turkiye Cluster
Ceyhan-Osmaniye Turkiye Cluster
Golcuk Turkiye Caldera
Volos-Atalanti Greece Cluster
Sporades Greece Minor