IMO had maintained the Aviation Colour Code for Askja at Yellow since 28 August due to elevated seismicity and localized deformation. On 11 September the Colour Code was reduced to Green when seismicity had diminished significantly.
Source: Icelandic Met Office (IMO)
2014: September
IMO had maintained the Aviation Colour Code for Askja at Yellow since 28 August due to elevated seismicity and localized deformation. On 11 September the Colour Code was reduced to Green when seismicity had diminished significantly.
Source: Icelandic Met Office (IMO)
The Global Volcanism Program has no Bulletin Reports available for Askja.
This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.
Synonyms |
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Trolladyngja | Dynjufjöll | Dyngjufjall | ||||
Cones |
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Feature Name | Feature Type | Elevation | Latitude | Longitude |
Fjarholadydyngja | Shield volcano | 787 m | 65° 9' 0" N | 16° 36' 0" W |
Flatadyngja | Shield volcano | 780 m | 65° 11' 0" N | 16° 32' 0" W |
Flotudyngjuhraun | Shield volcano | 676 m | 65° 11' 0" N | 16° 30' 0" W |
Hrossaborg | Tuff ring | 400 m | 65° 37' 0" N | 16° 16' 0" W |
Kollóttadyngja | Shield volcano | 1168 m | 65° 13' 0" N | 16° 33' 0" W |
Litladyngja | Shield volcano | 65° 6' 0" N | 16° 37' 0" W | |
Svartadyngja | Shield volcano | 758 m | 65° 6' 0" N | 16° 32' 0" W |
Veggjabunga | Shield volcano | 585 m | 65° 24' 0" N | 16° 27' 0" W |
Craters |
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Feature Name | Feature Type | Elevation | Latitude | Longitude |
Batshraun | Fissure vent | 65° 3' 0" N | 16° 48' 0" W | |
Botnahraun | Fissure vent | 65° 3' 0" N | 16° 48' 0" W | |
Dyngjufjallahraun | Crater Row | 65° 0' 0" N | 16° 50' 0" W | |
Dyngjufjöll | Crater Row | 64° 58' 0" N | 16° 48' 0" W | |
Gigoldugjoska | Crater Row | 64° 54' 0" N | 17° 0' 0" W | |
Holuhraun | Crater Row | 64° 48' 0" N | 16° 52' 0" W | |
Hrutshalsar | Fissure vent | 1040 m | 65° 18' 0" N | 16° 35' 0" W |
Kistufellsgjoska | Fissure vent | 64° 56' 0" N | 17° 13' 0" W | |
Kistufellshraun | Crater Row | 64° 48' 0" N | 17° 11' 0" W | |
Lindahraun | Fissure vent | 65° 8' 0" N | 16° 35' 0" W | |
Myvetningahraun | Fissure vent | 65° 3' 0" N | 16° 48' 0" W | |
North caldera | Caldera | |||
Oskjuvatn | Caldera | 65° 2' 0" N | 16° 45' 0" W | |
Skalaralda | Crater | 64° 52' 0" N | 17° 13' 0" W | |
Sveinagja | Fissure vent | 575 m | 65° 32' 0" N | 16° 27' 0" W |
Vikahraun | Fissure vent | 65° 3' 0" N | 16° 48' 0" W | |
Vikraborgir | Crater | |||
Viti | Crater | 65° 3' 0" N | 16° 44' 0" W |
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There is data available for 14 Holocene eruptive periods.
Start Date | Stop Date | Eruption Certainty | VEI | Evidence | Activity Area or Unit |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1961 Oct 26 | 1961 Dec 5 ± 4 days | Confirmed | 2 | Historical Observations | North of Öskjuvatn lake (Vikraborgir) |
1938 Dec 19 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Historical Observations | South shore of Öskjuvatn lake |
1926 Jul 15 ± 45 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Historical Observations | South end of Öskjuvatn lake |
1924 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Historical Observations | South flank of Dyngjufjöll massif |
1923 Jan 15 ± 45 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Historical Observations | SE corner of Öskjuvatn Caldera |
1922 Nov | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Historical Observations | 1 km SW of Öskjuvatn Caldera |
1921 Mar | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Historical Observations | NE caldera wall, 0.6 km SE of Viti |
1919 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Historical Observations | Dyngjufjöll |
1875 Jan 1 | 1875 Oct 17 | Confirmed | 5 | Historical Observations | Öskjuvatn Caldera, Viti, Sveinagja |
1797 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Historical Observations | Holuhraun |
1300 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Tephrochronology | South of Dyngjufjöll Ytri |
1250 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Tephrochronology | Litladynga and Askja |
2050 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Tephrochronology | Flatadyngja, other areas NE of Dyngjufjöll |
8910 BCE ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Radiocarbon (corrected) | SE part of Askja caldera |
There is data available for 3 deformation periods. Expand each entry for additional details.
Reference List: de Zeeuew-van Dalfsen et al. 2012.
Full References:
de Zeeuw-van Dalfsen, E., R. Pedersen, A. Hooper, and F. Sigmundsson,, 2012. Subsidence of Askja caldera 2000-2009: Modelling of deformation processes at an extensional plate boundary, constrained by time series InSAR analysis. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 213-214: 72-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.11.004
Reference List: Pagli et al. 2006.
Full References:
Pagli, C., Sigmundsson, F., Árnadóttir, T., Einarsson, P., Sturkell, E.,, 2006. Deflation of the Askja volcanic system: contraints on the deformation source from combined inversion of satellite radar interferograms and GPS measurements. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 152, 97-108.
Start Date: 1983 | Stop Date: 1998 | Direction: Subsidence | Method: GPS, Tilt |
Magnitude: 75.000 cm | Spatial Extent: Unknown | Latitude: Unknown | Longitude: Unknown |
Remarks: Subsidence of 75 centimeters occurred between 1983 and 1998 during a non-eruptive period. |
Reference List: Sturkell and Sigmundsson 2000.
Full References:
Sturkell, E. and F. Sigmundsson,, 2000. Continuous deflation of the Askja caldera Iceland, during the 1983-1998 non-eruptive period. J. Geophys. Res., 25671-25684.
There is no Emissions History data available for Askja.
The Global Volcanism Program has no maps available for Askja.
The following 2 samples associated with this volcano can be found in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences collections, and may be availble for research (contact the Rock and Ore Collections Manager). Catalog number links will open a window with more information.
Catalog Number | Sample Description | Lava Source | Collection Date |
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NMNH 111086 | Basalt | -- | -- |
NMNH 117551-5 | Obsidian | -- | -- |
Catalogue of Icelandic Volcanoes (Link to Askja) | The Catalogue of Icelandic Volcanoes is an interactive, web-based tool, containing information on volcanic systems that belong to the active volcanic zones of Iceland. It is a collaboration of the Icelandic Meteorological Office (the state volcano observatory), the Institute of Earth Sciences at the University of Iceland, and the Civil Protection Department of the National Commissioner of the Iceland Police, with contributions from a large number of specialists in Iceland and elsewhere. This official publication is intended to serve as an accurate and up-to-date source of information about active volcanoes in Iceland and their characteristics. The Catalogue forms a part of an integrated volcanic risk assessment project in Iceland GOSVÁ (commenced in 2012), as well as being part of the effort of FUTUREVOLC (2012-2016) on establishing an Icelandic volcano supersite. |
DECADE Data | The DECADE portal, still in the developmental stage, serves as an example of the proposed interoperability between The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, the MAGA Database, and the EarthChem Geochemical Portal. The Deep Earth Carbon Degassing (DECADE) initiative seeks to use new and established technologies to determine accurate global fluxes of volcanic CO2 to the atmosphere, but installing CO2 monitoring networks on 20 of the world's 150 most actively degassing volcanoes. The group uses related laboratory-based studies (direct gas sampling and analysis, melt inclusions) to provide new data for direct degassing of deep earth carbon to the atmosphere. |
WOVOdat
Single Volcano View Temporal Evolution of Unrest Side by Side Volcanoes |
WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. It is sponsored by the World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO) and presently hosted at the Earth Observatory of Singapore. |
Large Eruptions of Askja | Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LaMEVE) database of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA). |
MIROVA | Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity (MIROVA) is a near real time volcanic hot-spot detection system based on the analysis of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. In particular, MIROVA uses the Middle InfraRed Radiation (MIR), measured over target volcanoes, in order to detect, locate and measure the heat radiation sourced from volcanic activity. |
MODVOLC Thermal Alerts | Using infrared satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, scientists at the Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i, developed an automated system called MODVOLC to map thermal hot-spots in near real time. For each MODIS image, the algorithm automatically scans each 1 km pixel within it to check for high-temperature hot-spots. When one is found the date, time, location, and intensity are recorded. MODIS looks at every square km of the Earth every 48 hours, once during the day and once during the night, and the presence of two MODIS sensors in space allows at least four hot-spot observations every two days. Each day updated global maps are compiled to display the locations of all hot spots detected in the previous 24 hours. There is a drop-down list with volcano names which allow users to 'zoom-in' and examine the distribution of hot-spots at a variety of spatial scales. |
EarthChem | EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA). IEDA is a collaborative effort of EarthChem and the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS). |