Global Volcanism Program

The Global Volcanism Program has no activity reports available for Sollipulli.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Weekly Reports available for Sollipulli.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Bulletin Reports available for Sollipulli.

This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.

Synonyms

Llallicupe | Questrodugun | Quetrodugon

Cones

Feature Name

Feature Type

Elevation

Latitude

Longitude

Chufquen, Volcán

Cone

2000 m

38° 56' 0" S

71° 30' 0" W

Huechulepun, Volcán

Cone

1506 m

38° 54' 0" S

71° 27' 0" W

Redondo, Volcán

Cone

1607 m

38° 55' 0" S

71° 31' 0" W

Craters

Feature Name

Feature Type

Elevation

Latitude

Longitude

Alpehue

Crater

2241 m

38° 59' 0" S

71° 32' 0" W

Basic Data

Volcano Number

Last Known Eruption

Elevation

Latitude
Longitude

357111

1240 CE

2,282 m / 7,487 ft

38.97°S
71.52°W

Morphology

Volcano Landform
Caldera

Volcano Types
Caldera
Pyroclastic cone(s)
Lava dome(s)

Rock Types

Major
Andesite / Basaltic Andesite
Dacite
Basalt / Picro-Basalt

Tectonic Setting

Subduction zone
Continental crust (> 25 km)

Population

Within 5 km
Within 10 km
Within 30 km
Within 100 km

2,971
2,971
8,904
510,741

Geological Summary

The 4-km-wide, glacier-filled Sollipulli caldera lies E of the Pleistocene Nevados de Sollipulli complex. Major silicic pyroclastic rocks associated with caldera formation have not been found; it may have a non-explosive origin. Post-caldera eruptions have been focused along the caldera walls and have increased its height. A series of dacitic lava domes lines the E and S caldera rims. The 1-km-wide Alpehué crater, which cuts the SW rim, was the source of a large Plinian eruption 2900 years before present (BP). Explosion craters and scoria cones are found on the outer flanks. Two N-flank cones produced lava flows during the latest documented activity about 700 years BP (Naranjo et al., 1993). This low-profile volcano is less prominent than its neighbors Llaima and Villarrica, but its explosive history makes it a potentially hazardous volcanic center.

References

The following references have all been used during the compilation of data for this volcano, it is not a comprehensive bibliography.

Gilbert J S, Stasiuk M V, Lane S J, Adam C R, Murphy M D, Sparks R S J, Naranjo J A, 1996. Non-explosive, constructional evolution of the ice-filled caldera at Volcan Sollipulli, Chile. Bull Volcanol, 58: 67-83.

Gonzalez-Ferran O, 1995. Volcanes de Chile. Santiago: Instituto Geografico Militar, 635 p.

Moreno H, 1974. Airplane flight over active volcanoes of central-south Chile. Internatl Symp Volc Andean & Antarctic Volc Problems Guidebook, Excur D-3, 56 p.

Moreno H, Naranjo J A, 1991. The southern Andes volcanoes (33°-41° 30' S), Chile. 6th Geol Cong Chile, Excur PC-3, 26 p.

Naranjo J A, Moreno H, Emparan C, Murphy M, 1993. Volcanismo explosivo reciente en la caldera del volcan Sollipulli, Andes del Sur (39° S). Rev Geol Chile, 20: 167-191.

Eruptive History

There is data available for 2 confirmed Holocene eruptive periods.

1240 ± 50 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

North flank (Redondo, Chufquén)

1240 ± 50 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at North flank (Redondo, Chufquén)

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
	- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow

0920 BCE ± 75 years Confirmed Eruption VEI: 5

Episode 1 | Eruption

SW caldera rim (Alpehué crater)

0920 BCE ± 75 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 8 Events for Episode 1 at SW caldera rim (Alpehué crater)

Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Pyroclastic flow
- - - -	- - - -	Lapilli
- - - -	- - - -	Bombs
- - - -	- - - -	Pumice
- - - -	- - - -	Crater	Parasitic.
- - - -	- - - -	Lahar or Mudflow
0920 BCE ± 75 years	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

Deformation History

There is no Deformation History data available for Sollipulli.

Emission History

There is no Emissions History data available for Sollipulli.

Photo Gallery

The broad profile of the snow-covered Sollipulli massif lies on the horizon to the NE as seen from the upper slopes of Villarrica volcano. A 4-km-wide caldera with post-caldera lava domes on its rim lies on the eastern side of the Nevados de Sollipulli volcanic chain. The rounded hills in the middle distance are pyroclastic cones of the Caburgua-Huelemolle volcano group; lava flows from these cones dammed drainages, forming Laguna Caburgua, visible at the upper left.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 2004 (Smithsonian Institution).

The 4-km-wide Sollipulli caldera contains over 500 m of ice (593 m measured in 2011) and overlaps an older caldera on the left in the center of this Planet Labs satellite image monthly mosaic (N is at the top; this image is approximately 40 km across). Around the caldera rim eruptions have formed lava flows, coulées, and domes, and on the SW rim is the 1-km-wide Alpehué crater. The Alpehué geyser field is on the SW flank near the summit area and recent scoria cones are on the NE flank.

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

GVP Map Holdings

Maps are not currently available due to technical issues.

Smithsonian Sample Collections Database

There are no samples for Sollipulli in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences Rock and Ore collection.

External Sites

Copernicus Browser

The Copernicus Browser replaced the Sentinel Hub Playground browser in 2023, to provide access to Earth observation archives from the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, the main distribution platform for data from the EU Copernicus missions.

MIROVA

Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity (MIROVA) is a near real time volcanic hot-spot detection system based on the analysis of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. In particular, MIROVA uses the Middle InfraRed Radiation (MIR), measured over target volcanoes, in order to detect, locate and measure the heat radiation sourced from volcanic activity.

MODVOLC Thermal Alerts

Using infrared satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, scientists at the Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i, developed an automated system called MODVOLC to map thermal hot-spots in near real time. For each MODIS image, the algorithm automatically scans each 1 km pixel within it to check for high-temperature hot-spots. When one is found the date, time, location, and intensity are recorded. MODIS looks at every square km of the Earth every 48 hours, once during the day and once during the night, and the presence of two MODIS sensors in space allows at least four hot-spot observations every two days. Each day updated global maps are compiled to display the locations of all hot spots detected in the previous 24 hours. There is a drop-down list with volcano names which allow users to 'zoom-in' and examine the distribution of hot-spots at a variety of spatial scales.

WOVOdat
   Single Volcano View
   Temporal Evolution of Unrest
   Side by Side Volcanoes

WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. It is sponsored by the World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO) and presently hosted at the Earth Observatory of Singapore.

GVMID Data on Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure The Global Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure Database GVMID, is aimed at documenting and improving capabilities of volcano monitoring from the ground and space. GVMID should provide a snapshot and baseline view of the techniques and instrumentation that are in place at various volcanoes, which can be use by volcano observatories as reference to setup new monitoring system or improving networks at a specific volcano. These data will allow identification of what monitoring gaps exist, which can be then targeted by remote sensing infrastructure and future instrument deployments.

Volcanic Hazard Maps

The IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Hazards and Risk has a Volcanic Hazard Maps database designed to serve as a resource for hazard mappers (or other interested parties) to explore how common issues in hazard map development have been addressed at different volcanoes, in different countries, for different hazards, and for different intended audiences. In addition to the comprehensive, searchable Volcanic Hazard Maps Database, this website contains information about diversity of volcanic hazard maps, illustrated using examples from the database. This site is for educational purposes related to volcanic hazard maps. Hazard maps found on this website should not be used for emergency purposes. For the most recent, official hazard map for a particular volcano, please seek out the proper institutional authorities on the matter.

IRIS seismic stations/networks

Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Services map showing the location of seismic stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 0.18° (about 20 km at mid-latitudes) from the given location of Sollipulli. Users can customize a variety of filters and options in the left panel. Note that if there are no stations are known the map will default to show the entire world with a "No data matched request" error notice.

UNAVCO GPS/GNSS stations

Geodetic Data Services map from UNAVCO showing the location of GPS/GNSS stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 20 km from the given location of Sollipulli. Users can customize the data search based on station or network names, location, and time window. Requires Adobe Flash Player.

DECADE Data

The DECADE portal, still in the developmental stage, serves as an example of the proposed interoperability between The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, the Mapping Gas Emissions (MaGa) Database, and the EarthChem Geochemical Portal. The Deep Earth Carbon Degassing (DECADE) initiative seeks to use new and established technologies to determine accurate global fluxes of volcanic CO₂ to the atmosphere, but installing CO₂ monitoring networks on 20 of the world's 150 most actively degassing volcanoes. The group uses related laboratory-based studies (direct gas sampling and analysis, melt inclusions) to provide new data for direct degassing of deep earth carbon to the atmosphere.

Large Eruptions of Sollipulli

Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LaMEVE) database of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA).

EarthChem

EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA). IEDA is a collaborative effort of EarthChem and the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS).