Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is a cooperative project between the Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program and the US Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program. Updated by 2300 UTC every Wednesday and averaging 16 reported volcanoes, this is not a comprehensive list of all eruptions this week, but rather a summary of activity that meet criteria discussed in the "Criteria and Disclaimers" section below.

Volcanic activity reported here is preliminary and subject to change. Carefully reviewed, detailed narratives over longer time periods are published as reports of the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network available through volcano profile pages.

Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for the week of 28 June-4 July 2023
Name	Location	Eruption Start Date	Report Status
Fagradalsfjall	Iceland	—	New
Klyuchevskoy	Central Kamchatka (Russia)	—	New
Kuchinoerabujima	Ryukyu Islands (Japan)	—	New
Lokon-Empung	Sulawesi	—	New
Mayon	Luzon (Philippines)	2023 Apr 27 ± 2 days	New
Piton de la Fournaise	Reunion Island (France)	—	New
Taal	Luzon (Philippines)	2024 Apr 12	New
Ubinas	Peru	—	New
Cotopaxi	Ecuador	—	Continuing
Fuego	South-Central Guatemala	2002 Jan 4	Continuing
Great Sitkin	Andreanof Islands (USA)	2021 May 25	Continuing
Karangetang	Sangihe Islands	2018 Nov 25	Continuing
Kilauea	Hawaiian Islands (USA)	—	Continuing
Lewotolok	Lembata Island	2020 Nov 27	Continuing
Merapi	Central Java	2020 Dec 31	Continuing
Popocatepetl	Mexico	2005 Jan 9	Continuing
Rincon de la Vieja	Costa Rica	2021 Jun 28	Continuing
Sangay	Ecuador	2019 Mar 26	Continuing
Santa Maria	Southwestern Guatemala	1922 Jun 22	Continuing
Semeru	Eastern Java	2017 Jun 6	Continuing
Sheveluch	Central Kamchatka (Russia)	1999 Aug 15	Continuing
Stromboli	Aeolian Islands (Italy)	1934 Feb 2	Continuing
Suwanosejima	Ryukyu Islands (Japan)	2004 Oct 23	Continuing

All times are local unless otherwise stated.

Fagradalsfjall | 28 June-4 July 2023 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Fagradalsfjall
Iceland

Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) reported that inflation began in April in the western Reykjanes Peninsula, reaching a total of 3 cm, with rates up to about 1 cm per month. Data possibly indicated accumulating magma at 15 km depth beneath Fagradalsfjall. In June more than 1,000 earthquakes were recorded with most of them located beneath Reykjanestá, NE of Fagradalsfjall and SW of Kleifarvatn.

Seismicity intensified during 3-4 July. An earthquake swarm began at 1400 on 4 July and more than 1,600 earthquakes were detected beneath Fagradalsfjall, in the vicinity of the July 2022 dike intrusion, by mid-morning on 5 July. The earthquake locations became shallower within the first few hours of the swarm and by 5 July were at depths of 2-3 km. Seven of the earthquakes were above M 4, with the largest being M 4.6 recorded at 0821 on 5 July. At 1055 on 5 July IMO raised the Aviation Color Code to Orange (the third level on a four-color scale).

Source: Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO)

Klyuchevskoy | 28 June-4 July 2023 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Klyuchevskoy
Central Kamchatka (Russia)

KVERT reported that a minor Strombolian eruption that began at Klyuchevskoy on 22 June continued through 29 June. A daily thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images. The Aviation Color Code remained at Yellow (the second level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Kuchinoerabujima | 28 June-4 July 2023 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Kuchinoerabujima
Ryukyu Islands (Japan)

The number of shallow volcanic earthquakes gradually increased at Kuchinoerabujima, with a total of 100 events recorded during 17-26 June, prompting JMA to raise the Alert Level to 2 (on a scale of 1-5). During late on 26 June until 1834 on 27 June a total of 50 shallow volcanic earthquakes were recorded, an increased rate of events. At 1930 JMA raised the Alert Level to 3. Earthquakes continued to be recorded during the rest of the week; there were 41, 18, 9, and 9 events respectively recorded each day during 27-30 June, with most epicenters located near Furudake Crater, and some near Shindake Crater (just N of Furudake). Sulfur dioxide emissions remained at low levels and no changes were visible to the gas-and-steam emissions which rose as high as 100 m above the crater rim. No obvious changes at the geothermal area near the fissure on the W side of the Shindake were visible during daily field surveys during 28 June-1 July; weather clouds obscured views during 29-30 June. SAR radar data from 30 June revealed inflation within an area extending several hundred meters around the Furudake crater. The public was warned that ejected blocks and pyroclastic flows may impact areas within 2 km of Shindake.

Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

Lokon-Empung | 28 June-4 July 2023 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Lokon-Empung
Sulawesi

PVMBG reported continuing daily emissions at Lokon-Empung during 28 June-4 July. White plumes with variable densities rose as high as 250 m above the crater rim and drifted S and W on most days. On 2 July white-and-gray plumes rose 100-300 m and drifted N and S. The volcano Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was reminded not to approach Tompaluan Crater within a radius of 1.5 km.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Mayon | 28 June-4 July 2023 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Mayon
Luzon (Philippines)

PHIVOLCS reported that eruptive activity continued at Mayon during 27 June-4 July. Daily steam-and-gas emissions rose as high as 2.5 km above the crater and drifted multiple directions. Average daily measurements of sulfur dioxide emissions fluctuated between 595 and 1,002 tonnes per day. Slow lava effusion fed the growing dome and flows that advanced down the Mi-Isi (S) and Bonga (SE) drainages. Maximum lava flow lengths along the Mi-Isi drainage extended from 1.6 km on 28 June to 2.7 km by 2 July; the maximum in the Bonga drainage was 1.2 km during 27-28 June, reached 1.3 km on 29 June, and remained at that distance through 2 July. The dome remained unstable and produced incandescent rockfalls and pyroclastic density currents (PDCs, or pyroclastic flows) that sent material up to 4 km away from the crater; seismic stations recording 254-397 daily rockfall events and 4-17 daily PDC events (each lasting 2-4 min). An advisory report about increased activity on 30 June noted four dome-collapse PDC events between 1809 and 2000 that traveled 3-4 km down the Basud drainage, each lasted four minutes. Ashfall was reported during 29 June-1 July in Tabaco (about 13 km NW). The Disaster Response Operations Monitoring and Information Center (DROMIC) reported that as of 1800 on 3 July there were 18,717 people displaced from 26 barangays within the province of Albay, and overall 37,944 were affected. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 0-5 scale). Residents were reminded to stay away from the 6-km-radius Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ), and PHIVOLCS recommended that civil aviation authorities advise pilots to avoid flying close to the summit.

Sources: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), Disaster Response Operations Monitoring and Information Center (DROMIC)

Piton de la Fournaise | 28 June-4 July 2023 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Piton de la Fournaise
Reunion Island (France)

OVPF reported that a seismic crisis at Piton de la Fournaise began at 0736 on 2 July and was accompanied by rapid deformation. Volcanic tremor began at 0830, signifying the arrival of magma at the surface, and fissures opened on the E flank. OVPF recommended a change in the Alert Level to 2-1, the lowest of two sub-levels in “Alert 2: ongoing eruption” (inside the Enclos Fouqué caldera); Alert 2 is the third level on a four-color eruption scale. An overflight was conducted, and three fissures were located at an elevation of about 2,000 m in an area N of Piton Vouvoul. Two fissures were near each other, and one was located to the NE; all three trended NE-SW. Lava from the two at the higher elevation traveled ENE and lava from the third fissure traveled E. Tremor decreased sharply and during 1145-1230 no surface activity was visible. Tremor was variable and again increased; a fourth fissure opened at around 1750 at the top of the Grandes Pentes on the SE flank, around 1,500 m elevation. The fissure was about 500 m long, trended NNW-SSE, and produced lava flows that traveled E.

By 0430 on 3 July the SE flank fissure was the most active of the two fissure areas, with lava flows traveling longer distances to the E than from the higher E-flank fissures. In general, the lava emission rate fluctuated between 7 and 27 meters per second (m/s), averaging 12 m/s, based on satellite data. Field teams made visual observations during 0800-1000 on 3 July and noted that the E-flank fissures were no longer active, producing only gas emissions. The lava flows from those fissures had stopped at around 1,700 m elevation. Active lava fountaining was building several cones along the SE-flank fissure. The lava flows continued to advance, reaching 650 m elevation, in an area about 2.4 km from the nearest road. A sharp decline in volcanic tremor amplitude was noted at 1012 and remained at lower levels. During 3-4 July the lava emission rate fluctuated between 5 and 20 m/s based on satellite data, and the flow front advanced at a rate of about 40 meters per hour based on webcam images. By 1424 on 4 July the lava flow was about 3.5 km long based on satellite image analysis.

Source: Observatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise (OVPF)

Taal | 28 June-4 July 2023 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Taal
Luzon (Philippines)

PHIVOLCS reported continuing unrest at Taal during 26 June-4 July. Daily white steam-and-gas plumes, voluminous during the first half of the week, rose as high as 2.4 km above the lake and drifted NE, NW, S, and SW; voggy conditions were reported during 2-3 July. Upwelling gasses and hot fluids in the lake were periodically visible. Sulfur dioxide emissions were variable, averaging 7,480 (28 June), 1,165 (30 June), and 4,472 (3 July) tonnes per day. Two periods of volcanic tremor, each lasting 2-3 minutes long, and three volcanic earthquakes were recorded during 26-29 June. There were 9-11 daily volcanic earthquakes recorded during 29 June-2 July, including 1-8 periods of volcanic tremor, each lasting 1-14 minutes. One volcanic earthquake was recorded during 2-3 July. The Alert Level remained at 1 (on a scale of 0-5), and PHIVOLCS reminded the public that the entire Taal Volcano Island was a Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ).

Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)

Ubinas | 28 June-4 July 2023 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Ubinas
Peru

IGP and INGEMMET reported that the eruption at Ubinas continued during 26 June-4 July. A thermal anomaly in the crater was detected for the first time on 26 June and continued to be periodically detected through 4 July. According to IGP there were 98 Volcano-tectonic (VT) earthquakes indicating rock fracturing and 52 long-period (LP) earthquakes signifying the movement of gas and magma recorded during 26-28 June. Earthquakes indicting emissions decreased. Ash-and-gas emissions were visible in webcam images rising as high as 1 km above the crater rim and drifting NW, W, and SW. Seismic activity significantly increased during 29-30 June with 173 VT earthquakes, 351 LP events, and harmonic tremor, which signified rising magma. Ash-and-gas plumes rose 800 m and drifted SW, NW, NE, and E. Sulfur dioxide emissions were 600-1,150 tons per day (t/d). The Gobierno Regional de Moquegua raised the Alert Level to Orange (the third level on a four-color scale) on 30 June based on the recommendation from IGP and INGEMMET.

IGP noted that ash emissions were continuously observed in satellite and webcam images during 30 June-1 July and drifted more than 10 km S and SE. During 1-2 July there were 72 VT events and 114 LP events; seismic signals indicating emissions decreased on 2 July. Ash-and-gas plumes rose as high as 1.7 km above the crater rim and drifted SE, S, SW, and NW. Ashfall was reported in Ubinas (6.5 km SSE) and Ouerapi (4.5 km SE). During 2-3 July INGEMMET noted that ash-and-gas plumes rose 400 m and drifted SW, causing ashfall in areas within 5 km downwind. Sulfur dioxide emissions were 700 t/d.

Activity significantly increased on 4 July. IGP counted 16 seismic signals associated with explosive activity. According to INGEMMET an explosion ejected ballistics and produced an ash-and-steam plume that rose 5.5 km and drifted SW and S. Ashfall was recorded in Querapi, Ubinas, Sacohaya (7 km SSE), Anascapa (11 km SE), San Miguel (10 km SE), Tonohaya (7 km SSE), Huatahua, Huarina, Escacha (9 km SE), and Matalaque (17 km SSE), and was most significant within 5 km of the volcano. IGP noted that ash fell within a radius of 20 km and deposits were 1 mm thick in towns in the district of Ubinas.

Sources: Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET), Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP), Gobierno Regional de Moquegua

Cotopaxi | 28 June-4 July 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Cotopaxi
Ecuador

IG reported that moderate eruptive activity continued at Cotopaxi during 27 June-4 July. Seismic stations recorded long-period earthquakes (LPs) and eruption tremors daily; volcano-tectonic earthquakes (VTs) were detected during 27-28 and 30 June and 3-4 July. Snow and ice melted from the summit and triggered small lahars that descended the Agualongo drainage during the afternoons of 27 and 29 June and the NW flank during the afternoon of 1 July. Frequent degassing episodes were observed during 27 June-1 July; weather clouds sometimes obscured views of the summit. Ash plumes were observed in webcam and satellite images and described in aviation notices issued by the Washington VAAC during 2-3 July. The plumes rose 500-1,000 m above the crater and drifted W; ashfall was reported in El Rosal (34 km SW), Ticatilín (15 km WSW), San Agustín del Callo (16 km WSW), San Ramón (16 km WSW), and Rumipamba de Villacís (19 km WSW), all within the parish of Mulaló. The Secretaría de Gestión de Riesgos maintained the Alert Level at Yellow (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Sources: Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN), Secretaría de Gestión de Riesgos (SGR), Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

Fuego | 28 June-4 July 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Fuego
South-Central Guatemala

INSIVUMEH reported that 1-3 explosions per hour were recorded at Fuego most days during 27 June-4 July. Explosions generated gas-and-ash plumes that rose as high as 800 m above the crater rim and drifted as far as 30 km SW, W, and NW. The explosions occasionally triggered weak-to-moderate avalanches that descended the Ceniza, Santa Teresa, and Las Lajas ravines. Ashfall was reported each day in areas downwind including Finca Asuncion (12 km SW), El Porvenir (8 km SE), Panimanché I and II (8 km SW), Morelia (9 km SW), Santa Sofía (12 km SW), Yucales (12 km SW), Finca Palo Verde (10 km WSW), Sangre de Cristo (8 km W), Yepocapa (9 km WNW), La Rochela (8 km SSW), and Ceylan (8 km S).

Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH)

Great Sitkin | 28 June-4 July 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Great Sitkin
Andreanof Islands (USA)

AVO reported that slow lava effusion continued at Great Sitkin during 27 June-4 July. Periodic radar images confirmed that the flow field expanded to the east within the summit crater. Minor seismicity was ongoing, and a few daily small earthquakes were recorded. Elevated surface temperatures were identified in satellite images during 27-28 June and 1-2 July and minor steaming was visible in satellite and webcam views during 1-3 July; weather clouds sometimes obscured webcam and satellite views on the other days. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the second highest level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)

Karangetang | 28 June-4 July 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Karangetang
Sangihe Islands

PVMBG reported that daily dense white gas-and-steam plumes from Karangetang were visible rising as high as 400 m and drifting NE, NW, and W during 28 June-4 July. Periodic webcam images published in the reports showed incandescence at Main Crater (S crater) and from material on the flanks of Main Crater; an image from 1732 on 1 July suggested that a pyroclastic flow descended the SE flank as evident from a linear plume of ash-and-gas rising along its path. Incandescent material extended about 1 km down the S flank and about 600 m down the SSW and SW flanks in a Sentinel satellite image from 2 July. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public were advised to stay 2.5 km away from Main Crater with an extension to 3.5 km on the S and SE flanks.

Sources: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM), Sentinel Hub

Kilauea | 28 June-4 July 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Kilauea
Hawaiian Islands (USA)

On 30 June HVO stated that Kilauea was no longer erupting. Lava supply to the lake ceased on 19 June and sulfur dioxide emissions had decreased to near pre-eruption background levels. Seismicity was also low. The Volcano Alert Level was lowered to Advisory (the second level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code was lowered to Yellow (the second color on a four-color scale). The report noted that gradual inflation was detected at summit tiltmeters during 19-30 June. Incandescence from previously erupted lava was visible in overnight webcam images during 29-30 June; the lava continued to cool.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

Lewotolok | 28 June-4 July 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Lewotolok
Lembata Island

PVMBG reported that the eruption at Lewotolok continued during 28 June-4 July. Emissions mainly consisted of dense white steam-and-gas plumes that rose as high as 800 m above the summit and drifted NW, W, SW, and SE. During 30 June-1 July white-and-gray ash plumes rose 200-700 m above the summit and drifted E, SE, S, and SW. Incandescent material being ejected above the summit was visible in webcam images from 1859 on 29 June, 2227 on 30 June, 0103 on 2 July, and 2339 on 3 July. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay at least 2 km away from the summit crater.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Merapi | 28 June-4 July 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Merapi
Central Java

BPPTKG reported that the eruption at Merapi (on Java) continued during 23-29 June and seismicity remained at elevated levels. The SW lava dome produced 130 lava avalanches that traveled as far as 2 km down the SW flank (upstream in the Boyong drainage) and one that traveled 300 m NW down the Senowo drainage. Morphological changes to the SW lava dome were due to continuing collapses of material. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-7 km away from the summit based on location.

Source: Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG)

Popocatepetl | 28 June-4 July 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Popocatepetl
Mexico

CENAPRED reported that ongoing activity at Popocatépetl during 27 June-4 July included 29-72 daily steam-and-gas emissions, sometimes containing minor amounts of ash. Seismic activity was characterized as daily periods of high-frequency events and variable amplitude tremors, harmonic tremor, and both minor and moderate explosions. During 27-28 June there were three major and two minor explosions, along with emissions of steam, gas, and ash that rose 1 km above the crater and drifted to the WNW and NW; minor ashfall was reported over that time in Ixtapaluca (42 km NW), Valle de Chalco (44 km NW), and Nezahualcóyotl (54 km NW) in the State of Mexico. Two moderate explosions were recorded during 28-29 June; plumes of steam, gas, and ash rose as high as 1.6 km above the crater and drifted to the W, WNW, and NW, causing minor ashfall in Amecameca de Juárez (18 km NW), Ozumba (18 km W), Temamatla (32 km NW) and moderate ashfall in Tenango del Aire (29 km NW) in the State of Mexico. During 30 June-1 July emissions of steam, gas and ash rose 1 km above the crater and drifted to the NW, and ashfall was reported in Atlautla (16 km W), Chalco and Tlalmanalco (27 km NW), and moderate in Amecameca and Cocotitlan (34 km NW) in the state of Mexico.

Two moderate explosions were again recorded during 1-2 July, and emissions of steam, gas, and ash rose as high as 1.6 km and drifted to the SSW, SW, WSW, and NW. Minor ashfall was reported in Atlautla, Ecatzingo (15 km SW), Yecapixtla (30 km SW), Ocuituco (23 km SW), Tetela del Volcán (18 km SSW), Hueyapan (17 km SW), Cuautla (43 km SW), and Ayala (48 km SW) in the state of Morelos. During 2-3 July emissions of steam, gas, and ash rose 1.3 km above the crater and drifted to the SW and W. The Alert Level remained at Yellow, Phase Two (the middle level on a three-color scale) and the public was warned to stay 12 km away from the crater.

Sources: Centro Nacional de Prevencion de Desastres (CENAPRED), Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

Rincon de la Vieja | 28 June-4 July 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Rincon de la Vieja
Costa Rica

OVSICORI-UNA reported periodic small phreatic events at Rincón de la Vieja during 28 June-4 July. Small phreatic events were recorded at 0156 on 1 July, 0305 on 2 July, and 0229 on 4 July. A more notable event at 0635 on 4 July produced a gas-and-steam plume that rose 700 m above the crater rim and drifted W; the plume was seen by residents in Liberia (21 km SW).

Source: Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica-Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA)

Sangay | 28 June-4 July 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Sangay
Ecuador

IG reported a high level of eruptive activity at Sangay during 27 June-4 July. Seismic stations recorded 311-923 daily explosions. Crater incandescence was visible in late-night webcam images on 28 June and 2-4 July. Gas, steam, and ash plumes were observed in webcam images or described in aviation notices issued by the Washington VAAC based on satellite images, though weather clouds sometimes prevented views. Emissions rose 0.7-2.1 km above the crater rim and drifted SW, W, and NW during 28-30 June and 2-4 July. Explosions ejected incandescent material that traveled down the SW flank as far as 1.8 km below the crater overnight during 3-4 July. Secretaría de Gestión de Riesgos maintained the Alert Level at Yellow (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Sources: Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN), Secretaría de Gestión de Riesgos (SGR), Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

Santa Maria | 28 June-4 July 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Santa Maria
Southwestern Guatemala

INSIVUMEH reported that the eruption at Santa Maria’s Santiaguito lava dome complex continued during 27 June-4 July. Lava dome effusion generated avalanches, pyroclastic density currents (PDC) on all flanks, and fed active lava flows. Daily weak-to-moderate explosions also caused avalanches on all flanks. Explosive activity was highest during 28-29 June with 40 events that produced W- and NW-drifting ash plumes. Almost daily emissions of steam, gas, and sometimes ash rose as high as 1 km above the dome and drifted in multiple directions. Incandescence at the crater and along lava flow margins was visible during most nights and early mornings.

Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH)

Semeru | 28 June-4 July 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Semeru
Eastern Java

PVMBG reported that the eruption at Semeru continued during 27 June-4 July. During 29-30 June white plumes of variable density rose as high as 100 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions. Cloudy weather prevented observations during 27-28 June and 1-2 July. The Alert Level remained at 3 (third highest on a scale of 1-4). The public was warned to stay at least 5 km away from the summit in all directions, 13 km from the summit to the SE, 500 m from the banks of the Kobokan drainage as far as 17 km from the summit, and to avoid other drainages including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat, due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Sheveluch | 28 June-4 July 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Sheveluch
Central Kamchatka (Russia)

KVERT reported that eruptive activity continued at Sheveluch during 22-29 June. Daily thermal anomalies were observed in satellite images and intense fumarolic activity was visible from both the active crater and the active lava dome. Aviation notices were issued during 26-27 June due to resuspended ash from the SE flank that sent plumes up to 3 km a.s.l. and drifted as far as 277 km ESE. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Stromboli | 28 June-4 July 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Stromboli
Aeolian Islands (Italy)

INGV reported that eruptive activity continued at Stromboli during 26 June-2 July. Strombolian activity was observed at summit craters, Area North (Area N) and Area Central-South (Area CS), within the crater terrace, in webcam images. Explosive activity was mainly observed at Area CS (one vent in Sector S1 and three vents in Sector S2). High-pressure degassing sometimes accompanied by the ejection of coarse material was observed at sector S1. An average of 7-9 explosions per hour ejected bombs and lapilli mixed with ash at sector S2. At two vents (one in sector N1 and one in N2) in Area N, an average of 3-5 explosions per hour ejected a mixture of coarse and fine material up to 80 m above the vents. Unstable material detached from an area at the base of crater Area N and triggered moderate landslides that descended the Sciara del Fuoco. The Dipartimento della Protezione Civile maintained the Alert Level at Yellow (the second highest level on a four-level scale).

Source: Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV)

Suwanosejima | 28 June-4 July 2023 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Suwanosejima
Ryukyu Islands (Japan)

JMA reported that minor eruptive activity continued at Suwanosejima’s Ontake crater during 28 June-3 July. Eruptions were recorded during 28-29 June and on 2 July. Ash plumes at 0952 and 1638 on 28 June rose up to 1.2 km above the crater and drifted NE. The next day, at 1232 and 2129 on 29 June, ash plumes rose up to 1 km above the crater and drifted NE. Ash plumes rose to 1.5 km and drifted NE at 2025 on 2 July. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a 5-level scale) and the public was warned to stay at least 1 km away from the crater.

Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

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Criteria

The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report does not necessarily include all volcanic activity that occurred on Earth during the week. More than a dozen volcanoes globally have displayed more-or-less continuous eruptive activity for decades or longer, and such routine activity is typically not reported here. Moreover, Earth's sea-floor volcanism is seldom reported even though in theory it represents the single most prolific source of erupted material. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report summarizes volcanic activity that meets one or more of the following criteria:

- A volcano observatory raises or lowers the alert level at the volcano.
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- A verifiable news report of new activity or a change in activity at the volcano has been issued.
- Observers have reported a significant change in volcanic activity. Such activity can include, but is not restricted to, pyroclastic flows, lahars, lava flows, dome collapse, or increased unrest.

Volcanoes are included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report if the activity occurs after at least 3 months of quiescence. Once a volcano is included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section, updates will remain in that section unless the activity continues for more than 1 month without escalating, after which time updates will be listed in the "Continuing Activity" section. Volcanoes are also included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section if the volcano is undergoing a period of relatively high unrest, or increasing unrest. This is commonly equal to Alert Level Orange on a scale of Green, Yellow, Orange, Red, where Red is the highest alert. Or alert level 3 on a scale of 1-4 or 1-5.

It is important to note that volcanic activity meeting one or more of these criteria may occur during the week, but may not be included in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report because we did not receive a report.

Disclaimers

1. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is intended to provide timely information about global volcanism on a weekly basis. Consequently, the report is generated rapidly by summarizing volcanic reports from various sources, with little time for fact checking. The accuracy of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is dependent upon the quality of the volcanic activity reports we receive. Reports published in the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network are cover longer time periods and are more carefully reviewed, although all of the volcanoes discussed in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report are not necessarily reported in the Bulletin. Because of our emphasis on rapid reporting on the web we have avoided diacritical marks. Reports are updated on the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report web page as they are received, therefore information may be included regarding events that occurred before the current report period.

2. Rapidly developing events lead to coverage that is often fragmentary. Volcanoes, their eruptions, and their plumes and associated atmospheric effects are complex phenomena that may require months to years of data analysis in order to create a comprehensive summary and interpretation of events.

3. Preliminary accounts sometimes contain exaggerations and "false alarms," and accordingly, this report may include some events ultimately found to be erroneous or misleading.

4. Many news agencies do not archive the articles they post on the Internet, and therefore the links to some sources may not be active. To obtain information about the cited articles that are no longer available on the Internet contact the source.

5. USGS Disclaimer Statement for this Website:

Information presented on this website is considered public information and may be distributed or copied. Use of appropriate byline/photo/image credit is requested. We strongly recommend that USGS data be acquired directly from a USGS server and not through other sources that may change the data in some way. While USGS makes every effort to provide accurate and complete information, various data such as names, telephone numbers, etc. may change prior to updating. USGS welcomes suggestions on how to improve our home page and correct errors. USGS provides no warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy, reliability or completeness of furnished data.

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U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, USA
URL: https://volcano.si.edu/reports_weekly.cfm

Acronyms and Abbreviations

a.s.l. - above sea level

AVO - Alaska Volcano Observatory

AVHRR - Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer

CENAPRED - Centro Nacionale de Prevencion de Desastres (México)

CONRED - Coordinadora Nacional para la Reducción de Desastres

COSPEC - Correlation Spectrometer

CVGHM (formerly VSI) - Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation

CVO - Cascades Volcano Observatory (USGS)

GMS - Geostationary Meteorological Satellite

GOES - Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite

GVO - Goma Volcano Observatory

GVP - Global Volcanism Program (Smithsonian Institution)

HVO - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (USGS)

ICE - Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad (Costa Rica)

IG - Instituto Geofísico (Ecuador)

IGNS - Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences (New Zealand) - now GNS Science

INETER - Instituto Nicaragüense de Estudios Territoriales (Nicaragua)

INGEMMET - Instituto Geológical Minero y Metalúrgico (Peru)

INGEOMINAS - Instituto Colombiano de Geología y Minería (Colombia)

INGV-CT - Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Catania (Italy)

INSIVUMEH - Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia e Hidrologia (Guatemala)

IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (France)

JMA - Japanese Meteorological Agency

KEMSD - Kamchatkan Experimental and Methodical Seismilogical Department

KVERT - Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team

M - magnitude

METEOSAT - Meteorological Satellite

MEVO - Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory

MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

MVO - Montserrat Volcano Observatory

MWO - Meteorological Watch Office

NEIC - National Earthquake Information Center

NIED - National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (Japan)

NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NOTAM - Notice to Airmen

OVDAS - Observatorio Volcanologico de los Andes del Sur (Chile)

OFDA - Office of US Foreign Disaster Assistance

ONEMI - Oficina Nacional de Emergencia - Ministerio del Interior (Chile)

OVPDLF - Observatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise (France)

OVSICORI-UNA - Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica, Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)

PHIVOLCS - Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (Philippines)

RSAM - Real-time Seismic Amplitude Measurement

RVO - Rabaul Volcano Observatory

SERNAGEOMIN - Servicio Nacional de Geologia y Mineria (Chile)

SIGMET - Significant Meteorological Information

SNET - Servicio Nacional de Estudios Territoriales (El Salvador)

SVERT - Sakhalin Volcanic Eruption Response Team (Russia)

USAID - US Agency for International Development

USGS - United States Geological Survey

UTC - Coordinated Universal Time

VAAC - Volcanic Ash Advisory Center

VAFTAD - Volcanic Ash Forecast Transport And Dispersion

VDAP - Volcano Disaster Assistance Program (USGS)

VHP - Volcano Hazards Program (USGS)

VRC - Volcano Research Center (Japan)

Report for Fagradalsfjall
Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) reported that inflation began in April in the western Reykjanes Peninsula, reaching a total of 3 cm, with rates up to about 1 cm per month. Data possibly indicated accumulating magma at 15 km depth beneath Fagradalsfjall. In June more than 1,000 earthquakes were recorded with most of them located beneath Reykjanestá, NE of Fagradalsfjall and SW of Kleifarvatn.

Seismicity intensified during 3-4 July. An earthquake swarm began at 1400 on 4 July and more than 1,600 earthquakes were detected beneath Fagradalsfjall, in the vicinity of the July 2022 dike intrusion, by mid-morning on 5 July. The earthquake locations became shallower within the first few hours of the swarm and by 5 July were at depths of 2-3 km. Seven of the earthquakes were above M 4, with the largest being M 4.6 recorded at 0821 on 5 July. At 1055 on 5 July IMO raised the Aviation Color Code to Orange (the third level on a four-color scale).
Source: Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO)

Report for Klyuchevskoy
KVERT reported that a minor Strombolian eruption that began at Klyuchevskoy on 22 June continued through 29 June. A daily thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images. The Aviation Color Code remained at Yellow (the second level on a four-color scale).
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Report for Kuchinoerabujima
The number of shallow volcanic earthquakes gradually increased at Kuchinoerabujima, with a total of 100 events recorded during 17-26 June, prompting JMA to raise the Alert Level to 2 (on a scale of 1-5). During late on 26 June until 1834 on 27 June a total of 50 shallow volcanic earthquakes were recorded, an increased rate of events. At 1930 JMA raised the Alert Level to 3. Earthquakes continued to be recorded during the rest of the week; there were 41, 18, 9, and 9 events respectively recorded each day during 27-30 June, with most epicenters located near Furudake Crater, and some near Shindake Crater (just N of Furudake). Sulfur dioxide emissions remained at low levels and no changes were visible to the gas-and-steam emissions which rose as high as 100 m above the crater rim. No obvious changes at the geothermal area near the fissure on the W side of the Shindake were visible during daily field surveys during 28 June-1 July; weather clouds obscured views during 29-30 June. SAR radar data from 30 June revealed inflation within an area extending several hundred meters around the Furudake crater. The public was warned that ejected blocks and pyroclastic flows may impact areas within 2 km of Shindake.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

Report for Lokon-Empung
PVMBG reported continuing daily emissions at Lokon-Empung during 28 June-4 July. White plumes with variable densities rose as high as 250 m above the crater rim and drifted S and W on most days. On 2 July white-and-gray plumes rose 100-300 m and drifted N and S. The volcano Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was reminded not to approach Tompaluan Crater within a radius of 1.5 km.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Report for Mayon
PHIVOLCS reported that eruptive activity continued at Mayon during 27 June-4 July. Daily steam-and-gas emissions rose as high as 2.5 km above the crater and drifted multiple directions. Average daily measurements of sulfur dioxide emissions fluctuated between 595 and 1,002 tonnes per day. Slow lava effusion fed the growing dome and flows that advanced down the Mi-Isi (S) and Bonga (SE) drainages. Maximum lava flow lengths along the Mi-Isi drainage extended from 1.6 km on 28 June to 2.7 km by 2 July; the maximum in the Bonga drainage was 1.2 km during 27-28 June, reached 1.3 km on 29 June, and remained at that distance through 2 July. The dome remained unstable and produced incandescent rockfalls and pyroclastic density currents (PDCs, or pyroclastic flows) that sent material up to 4 km away from the crater; seismic stations recording 254-397 daily rockfall events and 4-17 daily PDC events (each lasting 2-4 min). An advisory report about increased activity on 30 June noted four dome-collapse PDC events between 1809 and 2000 that traveled 3-4 km down the Basud drainage, each lasted four minutes. Ashfall was reported during 29 June-1 July in Tabaco (about 13 km NW). The Disaster Response Operations Monitoring and Information Center (DROMIC) reported that as of 1800 on 3 July there were 18,717 people displaced from 26 barangays within the province of Albay, and overall 37,944 were affected. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 0-5 scale). Residents were reminded to stay away from the 6-km-radius Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ), and PHIVOLCS recommended that civil aviation authorities advise pilots to avoid flying close to the summit.
Sources: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), Disaster Response Operations Monitoring and Information Center (DROMIC)

Report for Piton de la Fournaise
OVPF reported that a seismic crisis at Piton de la Fournaise began at 0736 on 2 July and was accompanied by rapid deformation. Volcanic tremor began at 0830, signifying the arrival of magma at the surface, and fissures opened on the E flank. OVPF recommended a change in the Alert Level to 2-1, the lowest of two sub-levels in “Alert 2: ongoing eruption” (inside the Enclos Fouqué caldera); Alert 2 is the third level on a four-color eruption scale. An overflight was conducted, and three fissures were located at an elevation of about 2,000 m in an area N of Piton Vouvoul. Two fissures were near each other, and one was located to the NE; all three trended NE-SW. Lava from the two at the higher elevation traveled ENE and lava from the third fissure traveled E. Tremor decreased sharply and during 1145-1230 no surface activity was visible. Tremor was variable and again increased; a fourth fissure opened at around 1750 at the top of the Grandes Pentes on the SE flank, around 1,500 m elevation. The fissure was about 500 m long, trended NNW-SSE, and produced lava flows that traveled E.

By 0430 on 3 July the SE flank fissure was the most active of the two fissure areas, with lava flows traveling longer distances to the E than from the higher E-flank fissures. In general, the lava emission rate fluctuated between 7 and 27 meters per second (m/s), averaging 12 m/s, based on satellite data. Field teams made visual observations during 0800-1000 on 3 July and noted that the E-flank fissures were no longer active, producing only gas emissions. The lava flows from those fissures had stopped at around 1,700 m elevation. Active lava fountaining was building several cones along the SE-flank fissure. The lava flows continued to advance, reaching 650 m elevation, in an area about 2.4 km from the nearest road. A sharp decline in volcanic tremor amplitude was noted at 1012 and remained at lower levels. During 3-4 July the lava emission rate fluctuated between 5 and 20 m/s based on satellite data, and the flow front advanced at a rate of about 40 meters per hour based on webcam images. By 1424 on 4 July the lava flow was about 3.5 km long based on satellite image analysis.
Source: Observatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise (OVPF)

Report for Taal
PHIVOLCS reported continuing unrest at Taal during 26 June-4 July. Daily white steam-and-gas plumes, voluminous during the first half of the week, rose as high as 2.4 km above the lake and drifted NE, NW, S, and SW; voggy conditions were reported during 2-3 July. Upwelling gasses and hot fluids in the lake were periodically visible. Sulfur dioxide emissions were variable, averaging 7,480 (28 June), 1,165 (30 June), and 4,472 (3 July) tonnes per day. Two periods of volcanic tremor, each lasting 2-3 minutes long, and three volcanic earthquakes were recorded during 26-29 June. There were 9-11 daily volcanic earthquakes recorded during 29 June-2 July, including 1-8 periods of volcanic tremor, each lasting 1-14 minutes. One volcanic earthquake was recorded during 2-3 July. The Alert Level remained at 1 (on a scale of 0-5), and PHIVOLCS reminded the public that the entire Taal Volcano Island was a Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ).
Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)

Report for Ubinas
IGP and INGEMMET reported that the eruption at Ubinas continued during 26 June-4 July. A thermal anomaly in the crater was detected for the first time on 26 June and continued to be periodically detected through 4 July. According to IGP there were 98 Volcano-tectonic (VT) earthquakes indicating rock fracturing and 52 long-period (LP) earthquakes signifying the movement of gas and magma recorded during 26-28 June. Earthquakes indicting emissions decreased. Ash-and-gas emissions were visible in webcam images rising as high as 1 km above the crater rim and drifting NW, W, and SW. Seismic activity significantly increased during 29-30 June with 173 VT earthquakes, 351 LP events, and harmonic tremor, which signified rising magma. Ash-and-gas plumes rose 800 m and drifted SW, NW, NE, and E. Sulfur dioxide emissions were 600-1,150 tons per day (t/d). The Gobierno Regional de Moquegua raised the Alert Level to Orange (the third level on a four-color scale) on 30 June based on the recommendation from IGP and INGEMMET.

IGP noted that ash emissions were continuously observed in satellite and webcam images during 30 June-1 July and drifted more than 10 km S and SE. During 1-2 July there were 72 VT events and 114 LP events; seismic signals indicating emissions decreased on 2 July. Ash-and-gas plumes rose as high as 1.7 km above the crater rim and drifted SE, S, SW, and NW. Ashfall was reported in Ubinas (6.5 km SSE) and Ouerapi (4.5 km SE). During 2-3 July INGEMMET noted that ash-and-gas plumes rose 400 m and drifted SW, causing ashfall in areas within 5 km downwind. Sulfur dioxide emissions were 700 t/d.

Activity significantly increased on 4 July. IGP counted 16 seismic signals associated with explosive activity. According to INGEMMET an explosion ejected ballistics and produced an ash-and-steam plume that rose 5.5 km and drifted SW and S. Ashfall was recorded in Querapi, Ubinas, Sacohaya (7 km SSE), Anascapa (11 km SE), San Miguel (10 km SE), Tonohaya (7 km SSE), Huatahua, Huarina, Escacha (9 km SE), and Matalaque (17 km SSE), and was most significant within 5 km of the volcano. IGP noted that ash fell within a radius of 20 km and deposits were 1 mm thick in towns in the district of Ubinas.
Sources: Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET), Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP), Gobierno Regional de Moquegua

Report for Cotopaxi
IG reported that moderate eruptive activity continued at Cotopaxi during 27 June-4 July. Seismic stations recorded long-period earthquakes (LPs) and eruption tremors daily; volcano-tectonic earthquakes (VTs) were detected during 27-28 and 30 June and 3-4 July. Snow and ice melted from the summit and triggered small lahars that descended the Agualongo drainage during the afternoons of 27 and 29 June and the NW flank during the afternoon of 1 July. Frequent degassing episodes were observed during 27 June-1 July; weather clouds sometimes obscured views of the summit. Ash plumes were observed in webcam and satellite images and described in aviation notices issued by the Washington VAAC during 2-3 July. The plumes rose 500-1,000 m above the crater and drifted W; ashfall was reported in El Rosal (34 km SW), Ticatilín (15 km WSW), San Agustín del Callo (16 km WSW), San Ramón (16 km WSW), and Rumipamba de Villacís (19 km WSW), all within the parish of Mulaló. The Secretaría de Gestión de Riesgos maintained the Alert Level at Yellow (the second highest level on a four-color scale).
Sources: Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN), Secretaría de Gestión de Riesgos (SGR), Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

Report for Fuego
INSIVUMEH reported that 1-3 explosions per hour were recorded at Fuego most days during 27 June-4 July. Explosions generated gas-and-ash plumes that rose as high as 800 m above the crater rim and drifted as far as 30 km SW, W, and NW. The explosions occasionally triggered weak-to-moderate avalanches that descended the Ceniza, Santa Teresa, and Las Lajas ravines. Ashfall was reported each day in areas downwind including Finca Asuncion (12 km SW), El Porvenir (8 km SE), Panimanché I and II (8 km SW), Morelia (9 km SW), Santa Sofía (12 km SW), Yucales (12 km SW), Finca Palo Verde (10 km WSW), Sangre de Cristo (8 km W), Yepocapa (9 km WNW), La Rochela (8 km SSW), and Ceylan (8 km S).
Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH)

Report for Great Sitkin
AVO reported that slow lava effusion continued at Great Sitkin during 27 June-4 July. Periodic radar images confirmed that the flow field expanded to the east within the summit crater. Minor seismicity was ongoing, and a few daily small earthquakes were recorded. Elevated surface temperatures were identified in satellite images during 27-28 June and 1-2 July and minor steaming was visible in satellite and webcam views during 1-3 July; weather clouds sometimes obscured webcam and satellite views on the other days. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the second highest level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).
Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)

Report for Karangetang
PVMBG reported that daily dense white gas-and-steam plumes from Karangetang were visible rising as high as 400 m and drifting NE, NW, and W during 28 June-4 July. Periodic webcam images published in the reports showed incandescence at Main Crater (S crater) and from material on the flanks of Main Crater; an image from 1732 on 1 July suggested that a pyroclastic flow descended the SE flank as evident from a linear plume of ash-and-gas rising along its path. Incandescent material extended about 1 km down the S flank and about 600 m down the SSW and SW flanks in a Sentinel satellite image from 2 July. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public were advised to stay 2.5 km away from Main Crater with an extension to 3.5 km on the S and SE flanks.
Sources: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM), Sentinel Hub

Report for Kilauea
On 30 June HVO stated that Kilauea was no longer erupting. Lava supply to the lake ceased on 19 June and sulfur dioxide emissions had decreased to near pre-eruption background levels. Seismicity was also low. The Volcano Alert Level was lowered to Advisory (the second level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code was lowered to Yellow (the second color on a four-color scale). The report noted that gradual inflation was detected at summit tiltmeters during 19-30 June. Incandescence from previously erupted lava was visible in overnight webcam images during 29-30 June; the lava continued to cool.
Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

Report for Lewotolok
PVMBG reported that the eruption at Lewotolok continued during 28 June-4 July. Emissions mainly consisted of dense white steam-and-gas plumes that rose as high as 800 m above the summit and drifted NW, W, SW, and SE. During 30 June-1 July white-and-gray ash plumes rose 200-700 m above the summit and drifted E, SE, S, and SW. Incandescent material being ejected above the summit was visible in webcam images from 1859 on 29 June, 2227 on 30 June, 0103 on 2 July, and 2339 on 3 July. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay at least 2 km away from the summit crater.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Report for Merapi
BPPTKG reported that the eruption at Merapi (on Java) continued during 23-29 June and seismicity remained at elevated levels. The SW lava dome produced 130 lava avalanches that traveled as far as 2 km down the SW flank (upstream in the Boyong drainage) and one that traveled 300 m NW down the Senowo drainage. Morphological changes to the SW lava dome were due to continuing collapses of material. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-7 km away from the summit based on location.
Source: Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG)

Report for Popocatepetl
CENAPRED reported that ongoing activity at Popocatépetl during 27 June-4 July included 29-72 daily steam-and-gas emissions, sometimes containing minor amounts of ash. Seismic activity was characterized as daily periods of high-frequency events and variable amplitude tremors, harmonic tremor, and both minor and moderate explosions. During 27-28 June there were three major and two minor explosions, along with emissions of steam, gas, and ash that rose 1 km above the crater and drifted to the WNW and NW; minor ashfall was reported over that time in Ixtapaluca (42 km NW), Valle de Chalco (44 km NW), and Nezahualcóyotl (54 km NW) in the State of Mexico. Two moderate explosions were recorded during 28-29 June; plumes of steam, gas, and ash rose as high as 1.6 km above the crater and drifted to the W, WNW, and NW, causing minor ashfall in Amecameca de Juárez (18 km NW), Ozumba (18 km W), Temamatla (32 km NW) and moderate ashfall in Tenango del Aire (29 km NW) in the State of Mexico. During 30 June-1 July emissions of steam, gas and ash rose 1 km above the crater and drifted to the NW, and ashfall was reported in Atlautla (16 km W), Chalco and Tlalmanalco (27 km NW), and moderate in Amecameca and Cocotitlan (34 km NW) in the state of Mexico.

Two moderate explosions were again recorded during 1-2 July, and emissions of steam, gas, and ash rose as high as 1.6 km and drifted to the SSW, SW, WSW, and NW. Minor ashfall was reported in Atlautla, Ecatzingo (15 km SW), Yecapixtla (30 km SW), Ocuituco (23 km SW), Tetela del Volcán (18 km SSW), Hueyapan (17 km SW), Cuautla (43 km SW), and Ayala (48 km SW) in the state of Morelos. During 2-3 July emissions of steam, gas, and ash rose 1.3 km above the crater and drifted to the SW and W. The Alert Level remained at Yellow, Phase Two (the middle level on a three-color scale) and the public was warned to stay 12 km away from the crater.
Sources: Centro Nacional de Prevencion de Desastres (CENAPRED), Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

Report for Rincon de la Vieja
OVSICORI-UNA reported periodic small phreatic events at Rincón de la Vieja during 28 June-4 July. Small phreatic events were recorded at 0156 on 1 July, 0305 on 2 July, and 0229 on 4 July. A more notable event at 0635 on 4 July produced a gas-and-steam plume that rose 700 m above the crater rim and drifted W; the plume was seen by residents in Liberia (21 km SW).
Source: Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica-Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA)

Report for Sangay
IG reported a high level of eruptive activity at Sangay during 27 June-4 July. Seismic stations recorded 311-923 daily explosions. Crater incandescence was visible in late-night webcam images on 28 June and 2-4 July. Gas, steam, and ash plumes were observed in webcam images or described in aviation notices issued by the Washington VAAC based on satellite images, though weather clouds sometimes prevented views. Emissions rose 0.7-2.1 km above the crater rim and drifted SW, W, and NW during 28-30 June and 2-4 July. Explosions ejected incandescent material that traveled down the SW flank as far as 1.8 km below the crater overnight during 3-4 July. Secretaría de Gestión de Riesgos maintained the Alert Level at Yellow (the second highest level on a four-color scale).
Sources: Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN), Secretaría de Gestión de Riesgos (SGR), Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

Report for Santa Maria
INSIVUMEH reported that the eruption at Santa Maria’s Santiaguito lava dome complex continued during 27 June-4 July. Lava dome effusion generated avalanches, pyroclastic density currents (PDC) on all flanks, and fed active lava flows. Daily weak-to-moderate explosions also caused avalanches on all flanks. Explosive activity was highest during 28-29 June with 40 events that produced W- and NW-drifting ash plumes. Almost daily emissions of steam, gas, and sometimes ash rose as high as 1 km above the dome and drifted in multiple directions. Incandescence at the crater and along lava flow margins was visible during most nights and early mornings.
Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH)

Report for Semeru
PVMBG reported that the eruption at Semeru continued during 27 June-4 July. During 29-30 June white plumes of variable density rose as high as 100 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions. Cloudy weather prevented observations during 27-28 June and 1-2 July. The Alert Level remained at 3 (third highest on a scale of 1-4). The public was warned to stay at least 5 km away from the summit in all directions, 13 km from the summit to the SE, 500 m from the banks of the Kobokan drainage as far as 17 km from the summit, and to avoid other drainages including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat, due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Report for Sheveluch
KVERT reported that eruptive activity continued at Sheveluch during 22-29 June. Daily thermal anomalies were observed in satellite images and intense fumarolic activity was visible from both the active crater and the active lava dome. Aviation notices were issued during 26-27 June due to resuspended ash from the SE flank that sent plumes up to 3 km a.s.l. and drifted as far as 277 km ESE. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Report for Stromboli
INGV reported that eruptive activity continued at Stromboli during 26 June-2 July. Strombolian activity was observed at summit craters, Area North (Area N) and Area Central-South (Area CS), within the crater terrace, in webcam images. Explosive activity was mainly observed at Area CS (one vent in Sector S1 and three vents in Sector S2). High-pressure degassing sometimes accompanied by the ejection of coarse material was observed at sector S1. An average of 7-9 explosions per hour ejected bombs and lapilli mixed with ash at sector S2. At two vents (one in sector N1 and one in N2) in Area N, an average of 3-5 explosions per hour ejected a mixture of coarse and fine material up to 80 m above the vents. Unstable material detached from an area at the base of crater Area N and triggered moderate landslides that descended the Sciara del Fuoco. The Dipartimento della Protezione Civile maintained the Alert Level at Yellow (the second highest level on a four-level scale).
Source: Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV)

Report for Suwanosejima
JMA reported that minor eruptive activity continued at Suwanosejima’s Ontake crater during 28 June-3 July. Eruptions were recorded during 28-29 June and on 2 July. Ash plumes at 0952 and 1638 on 28 June rose up to 1.2 km above the crater and drifted NE. The next day, at 1232 and 2129 on 29 June, ash plumes rose up to 1 km above the crater and drifted NE. Ash plumes rose to 1.5 km and drifted NE at 2025 on 2 July. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a 5-level scale) and the public was warned to stay at least 1 km away from the crater.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)