
Low seismicity, no fumarolic activity, and no crater changes
Seismic activity was monitored on 22-24 April using one station located at 4,480 m elevation on the S flank. The station consisted of a 1-Hz vertical component seismometer, operating at 78 dB amplification with a band-pass filter between 0.3 and 30.0 Hz. The station registered five B-type events within a 5.5 hour time period on 23 April, and three events within 15 minutes of each other on 24 April. Coda duration was 10-18 seconds long; frequencies were in the 3-6 Hz range. Maximum peak-to-peak amplitudes measured 1-3 mm.
Observers who ascended to the summit found no fumarolic activity. Crater morphology was unchanged since visits in October 1992 and 1989. Water discharge from the "La virgen" spring at 4,400 m elevation had decreased to 0.5 liters/hour from 10 liters/hour in 1992.
Information Contacts: Guillermo González-Pomposo1 and Carlos Valdés-González, Departamento de Sismología y Volcanología, Instituto de Geofísica, UNAM, Cd. Universitaría, 04510 D.F., México; 1 Also at Benemérita Univ Autótonoma de Puebla, México.
The Global Volcanism Program has no Weekly Reports available for Pico de Orizaba.
Reports are organized chronologically and indexed below by Month/Year (Publication Volume:Number), and include a one-line summary. Click on the index link or scroll down to read the reports.
Seismic monitoring finds little activity
During four days of seismic monitoring at Pico de Orizaba (10-13 October), only a single A-type event was recorded by an analog seismic station at 4,680 m above sea level on the S flank. The M 2.7 shock, on 12 October at 0124, had an S-P of 1.5 seconds, consistent with a depth of 8 km. The station, a 1-component (Z) 1-second seismometer, was operated at 72 dB amplification at 0.3-30 Hz. No fumarolic activity was observed and crater morphology has remained unchanged since the team's initial observation in 1989. Geologists plan a continued monitoring program.
Information Contacts: G. Pomposo, Benemérita University, Puebla; A. Martín del Pozzo, UNAM, México D.F.
Low seismicity, no fumarolic activity, and no crater changes
Seismic activity was monitored on 22-24 April using one station located at 4,480 m elevation on the S flank. The station consisted of a 1-Hz vertical component seismometer, operating at 78 dB amplification with a band-pass filter between 0.3 and 30.0 Hz. The station registered five B-type events within a 5.5 hour time period on 23 April, and three events within 15 minutes of each other on 24 April. Coda duration was 10-18 seconds long; frequencies were in the 3-6 Hz range. Maximum peak-to-peak amplitudes measured 1-3 mm.
Observers who ascended to the summit found no fumarolic activity. Crater morphology was unchanged since visits in October 1992 and 1989. Water discharge from the "La virgen" spring at 4,400 m elevation had decreased to 0.5 liters/hour from 10 liters/hour in 1992.
Information Contacts: Guillermo González-Pomposo1 and Carlos Valdés-González, Departamento de Sismología y Volcanología, Instituto de Geofísica, UNAM, Cd. Universitaría, 04510 D.F., México; 1 Also at Benemérita Univ Autótonoma de Puebla, México.
This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.
Synonyms |
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Citlaltépetl | Citlaltepec | Poyauhtécatl | Poiauhtécatl | Zeuctépetl | Teuctépetl | Pojautécatl | ||||
Cones |
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Feature Name | Feature Type | Elevation | Latitude | Longitude |
Espolón de Oro | Stratovolcano | |||
Negra, Sierra | Stratovolcano | 4580 m | ||
Pico | Stratovolcano | 4850 m | ||
Torrecillas | Stratovolcano | |||
Craters |
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Feature Name | Feature Type | Elevation | Latitude | Longitude |
Teteltzingo | Crater | |||
Domes |
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Feature Name | Feature Type | Elevation | Latitude | Longitude |
Chichihuale, Cerro | Dome | |||
Chichimeco | Dome | 4160 m | 19° 4' 0" N | 97° 14' 0" W |
Colorado, Cerro | Dome |
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There is data available for 27 Holocene eruptive periods.
Start Date | Stop Date | Eruption Certainty | VEI | Evidence | Activity Area or Unit |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1846 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Historical Observations | |
1687 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Historical Observations | |
1613 | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Historical Observations | |
1569 | 1589 | Confirmed | 2 | Historical Observations | |
1566 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Historical Observations | |
1545 | 1555 (?) ± 10 years | Confirmed | 2 | Historical Observations | |
[ 1533 ] | [ 1539 ] | Uncertain | 2 | ||
[ 1351 ] | [ Unknown ] | Uncertain | 2 | ||
1260 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Radiocarbon (uncorrected) | |
[ 1187 ] | [ Unknown ] | Uncertain | 2 | ||
1175 | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Anthropology | |
[ 1157 ] | [ Unknown ] | Uncertain | 2 | ||
0220 ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Radiocarbon (uncorrected) | |
0140 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Radiocarbon (uncorrected) | |
0090 ± 40 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Radiocarbon (uncorrected) | |
0040 ± 40 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Radiocarbon (uncorrected) | |
0780 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Radiocarbon (uncorrected) | |
1500 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Radiocarbon (uncorrected) | |
2110 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Radiocarbon (uncorrected) | |
2300 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Radiocarbon (uncorrected) | La Perla unit |
2500 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Radiocarbon (uncorrected) | |
2780 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Radiocarbon (uncorrected) | |
4690 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Radiocarbon (uncorrected) | |
6220 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Radiocarbon (uncorrected) | |
6710 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Radiocarbon (uncorrected) | Upper Citlaltépetl ignimbrite |
7030 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Radiocarbon (uncorrected) | Lower Citlaltépetl ignimbrite |
7530 BCE ± 40 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Radiocarbon (uncorrected) |
There is no Deformation History data available for Pico de Orizaba.
There is no Emissions History data available for Pico de Orizaba.
The following 1 samples associated with this volcano can be found in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences collections, and may be availble for research (contact the Rock and Ore Collections Manager). Catalog number links will open a window with more information.
Catalog Number | Sample Description | Lava Source | Collection Date |
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NMNH 61330 | Hornblende Andesite | -- | -- |
DECADE Data | The DECADE portal, still in the developmental stage, serves as an example of the proposed interoperability between The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, the MAGA Database, and the EarthChem Geochemical Portal. The Deep Earth Carbon Degassing (DECADE) initiative seeks to use new and established technologies to determine accurate global fluxes of volcanic CO2 to the atmosphere, but installing CO2 monitoring networks on 20 of the world's 150 most actively degassing volcanoes. The group uses related laboratory-based studies (direct gas sampling and analysis, melt inclusions) to provide new data for direct degassing of deep earth carbon to the atmosphere. |
WOVOdat
Single Volcano View Temporal Evolution of Unrest Side by Side Volcanoes |
WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. It is sponsored by the World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO) and presently hosted at the Earth Observatory of Singapore. |
Large Eruptions of Pico de Orizaba | Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LaMEVE) database of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA). |
MIROVA | Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity (MIROVA) is a near real time volcanic hot-spot detection system based on the analysis of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. In particular, MIROVA uses the Middle InfraRed Radiation (MIR), measured over target volcanoes, in order to detect, locate and measure the heat radiation sourced from volcanic activity. |
MODVOLC Thermal Alerts | Using infrared satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, scientists at the Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i, developed an automated system called MODVOLC to map thermal hot-spots in near real time. For each MODIS image, the algorithm automatically scans each 1 km pixel within it to check for high-temperature hot-spots. When one is found the date, time, location, and intensity are recorded. MODIS looks at every square km of the Earth every 48 hours, once during the day and once during the night, and the presence of two MODIS sensors in space allows at least four hot-spot observations every two days. Each day updated global maps are compiled to display the locations of all hot spots detected in the previous 24 hours. There is a drop-down list with volcano names which allow users to 'zoom-in' and examine the distribution of hot-spots at a variety of spatial scales. |
EarthChem | EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA). IEDA is a collaborative effort of EarthChem and the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS). |