Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is a cooperative project between the Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program and the US Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program. Updated by 2300 UTC every Wednesday and averaging 16 reported volcanoes, this is not a comprehensive list of all eruptions this week, but rather a summary of activity that meet criteria discussed in the "Criteria and Disclaimers" section below.

Volcanic activity reported here is preliminary and subject to change. Carefully reviewed, detailed narratives over longer time periods are published as reports of the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network available through volcano profile pages.

Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for the week of 9 February-15 February 2022
Name	Location	Eruption Start Date	Report Status
Krakatau	Sunda Strait	—	New
Langila	New Britain (Papua New Guinea)	2015 Oct 22 (?)	New
Taal	Luzon (Philippines)	2024 Apr 12	New
Tangkuban Parahu	Western Java	—	New
Aira	Kyushu (Japan)	2017 Mar 25	Continuing
Davidof	Aleutian Islands (USA)	—	Continuing
Dukono	Halmahera	1933 Aug 13	Continuing
Etna	Sicily (Italy)	2022 Nov 27	Continuing
Fuego	South-Central Guatemala	2002 Jan 4	Continuing
Great Sitkin	Andreanof Islands (USA)	2021 May 25	Continuing
Ibu	Halmahera	2008 Apr 5	Continuing
Kanlaon	Philippines	—	Continuing
Karymsky	Eastern Kamchatka (Russia)	—	Continuing
Kilauea	Hawaiian Islands (USA)	—	Continuing
Lewotolok	Lembata Island	2020 Nov 27	Continuing
Manam	Northeast of New Guinea	2014 Jun 29	Continuing
Merapi	Central Java	2020 Dec 31	Continuing
Nevado del Ruiz	Colombia	2014 Nov 18	Continuing
Pavlof	Alaska Peninsula, Alaska	—	Continuing
Semeru	Eastern Java	2017 Jun 6	Continuing
Semisopochnoi	Aleutian Islands (USA)	—	Continuing
Sheveluch	Central Kamchatka (Russia)	1999 Aug 15	Continuing
Suwanosejima	Ryukyu Islands (Japan)	2004 Oct 23	Continuing
Whakaari/White Island	North Island (New Zealand)	—	Continuing
Wolf	Isla Isabela (Galapagos)	—	Continuing
Yasur	Vanuatu	1270 ± 110 years	Continuing

All times are local unless otherwise stated.

Krakatau | 9 February-15 February 2022 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Krakatau
Sunda Strait

PVMBG reported that weather clouds and fog often obscured views of Anak Krakatau during 9-15 February. During periods of clear weather diffuse white plumes were rising as high as 50 m. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay at least 2 km away from the crater.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Langila | 9 February-15 February 2022 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Langila
New Britain (Papua New Guinea)

The Darwin VAAC reported that on 9 February ash plumes from Langila were visible in satellite images rising 4.3 km (14,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifting SW.

Source: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC)

Taal | 9 February-15 February 2022 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Taal
Luzon (Philippines)

PHIVOLCS reported that unrest at Taal continued during 8-15 February, with persistent low-level background tremor, hot volcanic fluids circulating in the crater lake, and daily gas-and-steam plumes that rose as high as 3 km above the lake and drifted mainly SW and W. Sulfur dioxide emissions continued to be elevated, averaging 8,686-10,270 tonnes/day on 8, 10, and 12 February.

Each day during 10-15 February the seismic network recorded as many as 33 volcanic earthquakes, 1-10 low-frequency volcanic earthquakes, and 2-24 episodes of volcanic tremor. One short-lived phreatomagmatic burst recorded at 1616 on 10 February produced a plume that rose 300 m from the lake and drifted SW. One hybrid event was recorded during 13-14 February. Tilt, continuous GPS, and InSAR data all indicated that Taal Volcano Island and the Taal region had begun deflating in October 2021. The Volcano Alert Level remained at a 2 (on a scale of 0-5). PHIVOLCS reminded the public that the entire Taal Volcano Island is a Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ) and warned against extended stays on Taal Lake.

Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)

Tangkuban Parahu | 9 February-15 February 2022 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Tangkuban Parahu
Western Java

PVMBG reported that during 30 January-13 February diffuse white steam-and-gas plumes from vents in Tangkuban Parahu's Ratu Crater did not rise above the crater rim. At 1143 on 12 February steam-and-gas venting from Ecoma Crater (within Ratu Crater) intensified, with bursts of emissions rising 100 m above a new vent. The emissions were less intense the next day, rising 20-60 m. Seismicity and deformation data, along with gas and temperature measurements, all indicated that the activity was the result of hydrothermal processes with no new magmatic intrusion. The Alert Level remained at 1 (on a scale of 1-4) and tourists were advised to avoid going into the crater.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Aira | 9 February-15 February 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Aira
Kyushu (Japan)

JMA reported that nighttime crater incandescence at Minamidake Crater (at Aira Caldera’s Sakurajima volcano) was visible during 7-11 February. Sulfur dioxide emissions were 700 tons per day, slightly low. An eruptive event at 1620 on 13 February produced a plume that rose 1 km above the crater rim. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and residents were warned to stay 2 km away from the crater.

Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

Davidof | 9 February-15 February 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Davidof
Aleutian Islands (USA)

An earthquake swarm, either related to tectonic processes or volcanic unrest, began in the vicinity of Davidof on 24 January. The swarm continued at low levels during 9-13 February with small earthquakes recorded on most days. A shallow M 2.9 earthquake located 5 km N of the volcano was recorded on 11 February. The Aviation Color Code remained at Yellow and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Advisory.

Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)

Dukono | 9 February-15 February 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Dukono
Halmahera

Based on satellite and wind model data, the Darwin VAAC reported that on 13 February ash plumes from Dukono rose to 2.1 km (7,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SW. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to remain outside of the 2-km exclusion zone.

Sources: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC), Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Etna | 9 February-15 February 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Etna
Sicily (Italy)

INGV reported that a notable eruption at Etna’s Southeast Crater (SEC) occurred during 9-10 February and changed the morphology of the cone. The eruption began with incandescence from explosive activity within SEC that was visible in webcam images at night during 9-10 February. Sporadic ash emissions rose above the crater. Lava began to effuse at 1520 on 10 February and flows descended WSW. Strombolian activity varied in intensity and frequency, though at 1700 there was a clear intensification. Lava flows continued to be fed and had descended S and SE to 2,900 m elevation. Strombolian activity transitioned to lava fountaining at around 2140, with fountains rising 1-1.5 km high, and ash plumes rising to 12 km (39,400 ft) a.s.l. and drifting W. Two pyroclastic flows, visible at 2140 and 2219, traveled a few hundred meters SE towards the Valle del Bove. At 2226 a larger pyroclastic flow expanded 1.6 km S and SE and covered the northernmost 2002-2003 craters, reaching 2,750 m elevation, and damaging a hut along the way. Lava fountaining ceased at 2300. The ash plume slowly dispersed W over the next few hours and the lava flow continued to be fed, reaching 2,850 m elevation. A new deep scarp opening to the SSW was formed during the eruption, overprinting the smaller breach that was on the SW crater rim. The new scarp was about 500 m long and had variable widths of 100-190 m. Weak and sporadic explosive activity continued from the lower part of the scarp. Tephra fell in areas to the NW (particularly at Maletto, 15 km NW) and as far as Sant’Agata di Militello (50 km NW) and Capo d'Orlando (50 km NNW), along the Tyrrhenian coast. At 1125 on 11 February a small vent opened at the SE base of the SEC, emitted ash, and produced a short, thick lava flow that traveled a few tens of meters SE.

Source: Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV)

Fuego | 9 February-15 February 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Fuego
South-Central Guatemala

In a special bulletin, INSIVUMEH reported that an effusive period at Fuego began on 9 February, producing lava flows than descended the Ceniza drainage on the SSW flank. There were 2-9 explosions per hour recorded during 8-9 and 1-15 February, generating ash plumes that rose as high as 1.1 km above the crater rim. The ash plumes mainly drifted 10-15 km N, NE, S, SW, and W causing almost daily ashfall in areas downwind including Morelia (9 km SW), Panimaché I and II (8 km SW), Santa Sofía (12 km SW), El Porvenir (8 km ENE), Sangre de Cristo (8 km WSW), and La Rochela. Periodic shock waves rattled structures in communities around the volcano. Block avalanches descended the Ceniza (SSW), Seca (W), Trinidad (S), and Taniluyá (SW) drainages. Explosions ejected incandescent material up to 100-300 m above the summit. The effusive activity intensified by 14 February with periods of elevated activity lasting minutes to hours. Strombolian explosions increased in frequency and intensity, gas emissions increased, and incandescence from the crater was visible at night through the early morning of 15 February. Peaks in seismic RSAM data mirrored the peaks in activity. Lava flows traveled as far as 200 m down the Ceniza drainage and produced block avalanches from the flow front.

Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH)

Great Sitkin | 9 February-15 February 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Great Sitkin
Andreanof Islands (USA)

AVO reported that slow lava effusion at Great Sitkin continued during 9-15 February, though cloudy conditions often prevented satellite and webcam views. Seismicity remained slightly above background levels, and elevated surface temperatures were periodically identified in satellite images. A steam plume was occasionally visible in webcam images. The Aviation Color Code and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Orange and Watch, respectively.

Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)

Ibu | 9 February-15 February 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Ibu
Halmahera

PVMBG reported that the eruption at Ibu continued during 9-15 January. Gray-and-white ash plumes rose 200-1,000 m above the summit and drifted W and E. Strong rumbling sounds were heard during 8-9 January and minor ashfall was reported in a populated area just W of the volcano. The Alert Level remained at a 2 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay at least 2 km away from the active crater and 3.5 km away on the N side.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Kanlaon | 9 February-15 February 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Kanlaon
Philippines

PHIVOLCS issued a special notice for Kanlaon on 9 February, noting localized earthquake activity on the lower NW flank. There were 11 very shallow earthquakes, with local magnitudes of M 0.9-2.1, recorded by the seismic network between 2012 on 8 February and 0900 on 9 February. Ground deformation data from continuous GPS and tilt measurements indicated slight inflation of the middle and upper flanks of the volcano since mid-October 2021; EDM and electronic tilt data reflected short-term deflation on the SE flank since December 2021 and January 2022, respectively. The Alert Level remained at 1 (on a scale of 0-5) and PHIVOLCS reminded the public to remain outside of the 4-km-radius Permanent Danger Zone.

Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)

Karymsky | 9 February-15 February 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Karymsky
Eastern Kamchatka (Russia)

KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Karymsky was visible in satellite images on 10 February. The volcano was either quiet or obscured by clouds on the other days during 4-11 February. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Kilauea | 9 February-15 February 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Kilauea
Hawaiian Islands (USA)

HVO reported that lava effusion at the vent of the main cone in the lower W wall of Kilauea’s Halema`uma`u Crater continued at variable rates during 9-15 February. Effusion had paused, but restarted at 0120 on 9 February when lava again began entering the lava lake. The lake level fluctuated through the week, likely reflecting variable lava supply along with periods of inflation and deflation. Effusion from the W vent paused during around 0900-1100 on 11 February. The Aviation Color Code and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Orange and Watch, respectively.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

Lewotolok | 9 February-15 February 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Lewotolok
Lembata Island

PVMBG reported that the eruption at Lewotolok continued during 8-15 February. Daily white-and-gray ash plumes rose as high as 1.2 km above the summit and drifted E and W. Incandescent material was ejected 300-350 m in multiple directions, and rumbling and weak banging noises were heard. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 3 km away from the summit crater and 4 km away from the crater on the SE flank.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Manam | 9 February-15 February 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Manam
Northeast of New Guinea

The Darwin VAAC reported that on 14 February ash plumes from Manam rose to 2.4 (8,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE.

Source: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC)

Merapi | 9 February-15 February 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Merapi
Central Java

BPPTKG reported no significant morphological changes at Merapi’s lava domes, located just below the SW rim and in the summit crater, during 4-10 February. Seismicity remained at high levels. In the SW-flank Bebeng drainage there were as many as 133 lava avalanches that traveled a maximum of 2 km and three pyroclastic flows that extended 2 km. Ashfall was reported in multiple areas within about 20 km to the S, SE, and E including the Cangkringan, Sleman and Musuk districts. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-5 km away from the summit based on location.

Source: Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG)

Nevado del Ruiz | 9 February-15 February 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Nevado del Ruiz
Colombia

On 15 February Servicio Geológico Colombiano’s (SGC) reported that during the previous week seismicity at Nevado del Ruiz was at similar levels to the weeks before, characterized by periods of continuous volcanic tremor, harmonic tremor, long-period events, and very-long-period earthquakes, indicating movement of fluids. These earthquakes occurred in the vicinity of Arenas Crater. Additional earthquake signals indicating rock fracturing were located at Arenas Crater and in areas to the SE and had decreased in size and frequency since the previous week. Two periods of “drumbeat” seismicity, indicting growth of the lava dome, were recorded on 10 February. Gas-and-ash emissions were periodically visible in webcam images. A small explosion on 11 February generated an ash plume that rose above the crater. According to the Washington VAAC an ash plume rose to 7 km (23,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted N at 1130 that same day. The Alert Level remained at 3 (Yellow; the second lowest level on a four-color scale).

Sources: Servicio Geológico Colombiano (SGC), Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

Pavlof | 9 February-15 February 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Pavlof
Alaska Peninsula, Alaska

AVO reported that the eruption at Pavlof was ongoing during 8-15 February with lava effusion from a vent on the upper SE flank feeding lava flows on the E flank. Seismicity was elevated with periods of tremor and elevated surface temperatures were identified in satellite images; both were consistent was continuing lava effusion. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange.

Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)

Semeru | 9 February-15 February 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Semeru
Eastern Java

PVMBG reported that the eruption at Semeru continued during 8-15 February, though weather conditions sometimes hindered views. Crater incandescence was visible during 8-9 February. Daily eruptive events produced white-and-gray plumes that rose as high as 500 m above the summit and sometimes drifted SE and N. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4). The public was warned to stay at least 500 m away from Kobokan drainages within 17 km of the summit, along with other drainages originating on Semeru, including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat, due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Semisopochnoi | 9 February-15 February 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Semisopochnoi
Aleutian Islands (USA)

AVO reported that low-level eruptive activity at Semisopochnoi's North Cerberus cone continued during 9-15 February. Seismicity was elevated with low-level tremor, and several small explosions were detected daily in both seismic and infrasound data, through 13 February. Steam and low-level ash emissions likely occurred daily, though due to weather clouds they were not confirmed in satellite and webcam images during 13-14 February. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch.

Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)

Sheveluch | 9 February-15 February 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Sheveluch
Central Kamchatka (Russia)

KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Sheveluch was identified in satellite images during 4-11 February. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Suwanosejima | 9 February-15 February 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Suwanosejima
Ryukyu Islands (Japan)

JMA reported that five explosions were recorded at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater during 7-14 February. The explosions produced ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km above the crater rim and ejected large blocks 300-400 m from the crater. Ashfall was reported in Toshima village (3.5 km SSW) during 11-14 February. The Alert Level remained at 3 and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from the crater.

Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

Whakaari/White Island | 9 February-15 February 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Whakaari/White Island
North Island (New Zealand)

On 15 February GeoNet reported that technicians recently repaired and upgraded equipment, improving the transmission of seismic and webcam data from Whakaari/White Island. The report noted that minor ash emissions from the active vents continued to be seen in webcam images. The lake had deepened due to recent wet weather conditions and mud geysering from one of the main craters was visible; mud geysering was common at the volcano during periods when the lake water was higher. The Volcanic Alert Level remained at 2 and the Aviation Color Code remained at Yellow.

Source: GeoNet

Wolf | 9 February-15 February 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Wolf
Isla Isabela (Galapagos)

IG reported that the eruption at Wolf continued during 8-15 February. Daily thermal alert counts, anywhere from a few to over three hundred, indicated active and advancing lava flows on the SE flank.

Source: Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN)

Yasur | 9 February-15 February 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Yasur
Vanuatu

The Wellington VAAC reported that during 12-13 February ash emissions from Yasur were visible in webcam and satellite images rising to 900 m (3,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifting S and SW.

Source: Wellington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

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Criteria & Disclaimers

Criteria

The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report does not necessarily include all volcanic activity that occurred on Earth during the week. More than a dozen volcanoes globally have displayed more-or-less continuous eruptive activity for decades or longer, and such routine activity is typically not reported here. Moreover, Earth's sea-floor volcanism is seldom reported even though in theory it represents the single most prolific source of erupted material. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report summarizes volcanic activity that meets one or more of the following criteria:

- A volcano observatory raises or lowers the alert level at the volcano.
- A volcanic ash advisory has been released by a volcanic ash advisory center (VAAC) stating that an ash cloud has been produced from the volcano.
- A verifiable news report of new activity or a change in activity at the volcano has been issued.
- Observers have reported a significant change in volcanic activity. Such activity can include, but is not restricted to, pyroclastic flows, lahars, lava flows, dome collapse, or increased unrest.

Volcanoes are included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report if the activity occurs after at least 3 months of quiescence. Once a volcano is included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section, updates will remain in that section unless the activity continues for more than 1 month without escalating, after which time updates will be listed in the "Continuing Activity" section. Volcanoes are also included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section if the volcano is undergoing a period of relatively high unrest, or increasing unrest. This is commonly equal to Alert Level Orange on a scale of Green, Yellow, Orange, Red, where Red is the highest alert. Or alert level 3 on a scale of 1-4 or 1-5.

It is important to note that volcanic activity meeting one or more of these criteria may occur during the week, but may not be included in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report because we did not receive a report.

Disclaimers

1. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is intended to provide timely information about global volcanism on a weekly basis. Consequently, the report is generated rapidly by summarizing volcanic reports from various sources, with little time for fact checking. The accuracy of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is dependent upon the quality of the volcanic activity reports we receive. Reports published in the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network are cover longer time periods and are more carefully reviewed, although all of the volcanoes discussed in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report are not necessarily reported in the Bulletin. Because of our emphasis on rapid reporting on the web we have avoided diacritical marks. Reports are updated on the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report web page as they are received, therefore information may be included regarding events that occurred before the current report period.

2. Rapidly developing events lead to coverage that is often fragmentary. Volcanoes, their eruptions, and their plumes and associated atmospheric effects are complex phenomena that may require months to years of data analysis in order to create a comprehensive summary and interpretation of events.

3. Preliminary accounts sometimes contain exaggerations and "false alarms," and accordingly, this report may include some events ultimately found to be erroneous or misleading.

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Acronyms and Abbreviations

a.s.l. - above sea level

AVO - Alaska Volcano Observatory

AVHRR - Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer

CENAPRED - Centro Nacionale de Prevencion de Desastres (México)

CONRED - Coordinadora Nacional para la Reducción de Desastres

COSPEC - Correlation Spectrometer

CVGHM (formerly VSI) - Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation

CVO - Cascades Volcano Observatory (USGS)

GMS - Geostationary Meteorological Satellite

GOES - Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite

GVO - Goma Volcano Observatory

GVP - Global Volcanism Program (Smithsonian Institution)

HVO - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (USGS)

ICE - Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad (Costa Rica)

IG - Instituto Geofísico (Ecuador)

IGNS - Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences (New Zealand) - now GNS Science

INETER - Instituto Nicaragüense de Estudios Territoriales (Nicaragua)

INGEMMET - Instituto Geológical Minero y Metalúrgico (Peru)

INGEOMINAS - Instituto Colombiano de Geología y Minería (Colombia)

INGV-CT - Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Catania (Italy)

INSIVUMEH - Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia e Hidrologia (Guatemala)

IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (France)

JMA - Japanese Meteorological Agency

KEMSD - Kamchatkan Experimental and Methodical Seismilogical Department

KVERT - Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team

M - magnitude

METEOSAT - Meteorological Satellite

MEVO - Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory

MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

MVO - Montserrat Volcano Observatory

MWO - Meteorological Watch Office

NEIC - National Earthquake Information Center

NIED - National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (Japan)

NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NOTAM - Notice to Airmen

OVDAS - Observatorio Volcanologico de los Andes del Sur (Chile)

OFDA - Office of US Foreign Disaster Assistance

ONEMI - Oficina Nacional de Emergencia - Ministerio del Interior (Chile)

OVPDLF - Observatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise (France)

OVSICORI-UNA - Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica, Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)

PHIVOLCS - Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (Philippines)

RSAM - Real-time Seismic Amplitude Measurement

RVO - Rabaul Volcano Observatory

SERNAGEOMIN - Servicio Nacional de Geologia y Mineria (Chile)

SIGMET - Significant Meteorological Information

SNET - Servicio Nacional de Estudios Territoriales (El Salvador)

SVERT - Sakhalin Volcanic Eruption Response Team (Russia)

USAID - US Agency for International Development

USGS - United States Geological Survey

UTC - Coordinated Universal Time

VAAC - Volcanic Ash Advisory Center

VAFTAD - Volcanic Ash Forecast Transport And Dispersion

VDAP - Volcano Disaster Assistance Program (USGS)

VHP - Volcano Hazards Program (USGS)

VRC - Volcano Research Center (Japan)

Report for Krakatau
PVMBG reported that weather clouds and fog often obscured views of Anak Krakatau during 9-15 February. During periods of clear weather diffuse white plumes were rising as high as 50 m. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay at least 2 km away from the crater.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Report for Langila
The Darwin VAAC reported that on 9 February ash plumes from Langila were visible in satellite images rising 4.3 km (14,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifting SW.
Source: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC)

Report for Taal
PHIVOLCS reported that unrest at Taal continued during 8-15 February, with persistent low-level background tremor, hot volcanic fluids circulating in the crater lake, and daily gas-and-steam plumes that rose as high as 3 km above the lake and drifted mainly SW and W. Sulfur dioxide emissions continued to be elevated, averaging 8,686-10,270 tonnes/day on 8, 10, and 12 February.

Each day during 10-15 February the seismic network recorded as many as 33 volcanic earthquakes, 1-10 low-frequency volcanic earthquakes, and 2-24 episodes of volcanic tremor. One short-lived phreatomagmatic burst recorded at 1616 on 10 February produced a plume that rose 300 m from the lake and drifted SW. One hybrid event was recorded during 13-14 February. Tilt, continuous GPS, and InSAR data all indicated that Taal Volcano Island and the Taal region had begun deflating in October 2021. The Volcano Alert Level remained at a 2 (on a scale of 0-5). PHIVOLCS reminded the public that the entire Taal Volcano Island is a Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ) and warned against extended stays on Taal Lake.
Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)

Report for Tangkuban Parahu
PVMBG reported that during 30 January-13 February diffuse white steam-and-gas plumes from vents in Tangkuban Parahu's Ratu Crater did not rise above the crater rim. At 1143 on 12 February steam-and-gas venting from Ecoma Crater (within Ratu Crater) intensified, with bursts of emissions rising 100 m above a new vent. The emissions were less intense the next day, rising 20-60 m. Seismicity and deformation data, along with gas and temperature measurements, all indicated that the activity was the result of hydrothermal processes with no new magmatic intrusion. The Alert Level remained at 1 (on a scale of 1-4) and tourists were advised to avoid going into the crater.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Report for Aira
JMA reported that nighttime crater incandescence at Minamidake Crater (at Aira Caldera’s Sakurajima volcano) was visible during 7-11 February. Sulfur dioxide emissions were 700 tons per day, slightly low. An eruptive event at 1620 on 13 February produced a plume that rose 1 km above the crater rim. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and residents were warned to stay 2 km away from the crater.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

Report for Davidof
An earthquake swarm, either related to tectonic processes or volcanic unrest, began in the vicinity of Davidof on 24 January. The swarm continued at low levels during 9-13 February with small earthquakes recorded on most days. A shallow M 2.9 earthquake located 5 km N of the volcano was recorded on 11 February. The Aviation Color Code remained at Yellow and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Advisory.
Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)

Report for Dukono
Based on satellite and wind model data, the Darwin VAAC reported that on 13 February ash plumes from Dukono rose to 2.1 km (7,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SW. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to remain outside of the 2-km exclusion zone.
Sources: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC), Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Report for Etna
INGV reported that a notable eruption at Etna’s Southeast Crater (SEC) occurred during 9-10 February and changed the morphology of the cone. The eruption began with incandescence from explosive activity within SEC that was visible in webcam images at night during 9-10 February. Sporadic ash emissions rose above the crater. Lava began to effuse at 1520 on 10 February and flows descended WSW. Strombolian activity varied in intensity and frequency, though at 1700 there was a clear intensification. Lava flows continued to be fed and had descended S and SE to 2,900 m elevation. Strombolian activity transitioned to lava fountaining at around 2140, with fountains rising 1-1.5 km high, and ash plumes rising to 12 km (39,400 ft) a.s.l. and drifting W. Two pyroclastic flows, visible at 2140 and 2219, traveled a few hundred meters SE towards the Valle del Bove. At 2226 a larger pyroclastic flow expanded 1.6 km S and SE and covered the northernmost 2002-2003 craters, reaching 2,750 m elevation, and damaging a hut along the way. Lava fountaining ceased at 2300. The ash plume slowly dispersed W over the next few hours and the lava flow continued to be fed, reaching 2,850 m elevation. A new deep scarp opening to the SSW was formed during the eruption, overprinting the smaller breach that was on the SW crater rim. The new scarp was about 500 m long and had variable widths of 100-190 m. Weak and sporadic explosive activity continued from the lower part of the scarp. Tephra fell in areas to the NW (particularly at Maletto, 15 km NW) and as far as Sant’Agata di Militello (50 km NW) and Capo d'Orlando (50 km NNW), along the Tyrrhenian coast. At 1125 on 11 February a small vent opened at the SE base of the SEC, emitted ash, and produced a short, thick lava flow that traveled a few tens of meters SE.
Source: Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV)

Report for Fuego
In a special bulletin, INSIVUMEH reported that an effusive period at Fuego began on 9 February, producing lava flows than descended the Ceniza drainage on the SSW flank. There were 2-9 explosions per hour recorded during 8-9 and 1-15 February, generating ash plumes that rose as high as 1.1 km above the crater rim. The ash plumes mainly drifted 10-15 km N, NE, S, SW, and W causing almost daily ashfall in areas downwind including Morelia (9 km SW), Panimaché I and II (8 km SW), Santa Sofía (12 km SW), El Porvenir (8 km ENE), Sangre de Cristo (8 km WSW), and La Rochela. Periodic shock waves rattled structures in communities around the volcano. Block avalanches descended the Ceniza (SSW), Seca (W), Trinidad (S), and Taniluyá (SW) drainages. Explosions ejected incandescent material up to 100-300 m above the summit. The effusive activity intensified by 14 February with periods of elevated activity lasting minutes to hours. Strombolian explosions increased in frequency and intensity, gas emissions increased, and incandescence from the crater was visible at night through the early morning of 15 February. Peaks in seismic RSAM data mirrored the peaks in activity. Lava flows traveled as far as 200 m down the Ceniza drainage and produced block avalanches from the flow front.
Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH)

Report for Great Sitkin
AVO reported that slow lava effusion at Great Sitkin continued during 9-15 February, though cloudy conditions often prevented satellite and webcam views. Seismicity remained slightly above background levels, and elevated surface temperatures were periodically identified in satellite images. A steam plume was occasionally visible in webcam images. The Aviation Color Code and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Orange and Watch, respectively.
Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)

Report for Ibu
PVMBG reported that the eruption at Ibu continued during 9-15 January. Gray-and-white ash plumes rose 200-1,000 m above the summit and drifted W and E. Strong rumbling sounds were heard during 8-9 January and minor ashfall was reported in a populated area just W of the volcano. The Alert Level remained at a 2 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay at least 2 km away from the active crater and 3.5 km away on the N side.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Report for Kanlaon
PHIVOLCS issued a special notice for Kanlaon on 9 February, noting localized earthquake activity on the lower NW flank. There were 11 very shallow earthquakes, with local magnitudes of M 0.9-2.1, recorded by the seismic network between 2012 on 8 February and 0900 on 9 February. Ground deformation data from continuous GPS and tilt measurements indicated slight inflation of the middle and upper flanks of the volcano since mid-October 2021; EDM and electronic tilt data reflected short-term deflation on the SE flank since December 2021 and January 2022, respectively. The Alert Level remained at 1 (on a scale of 0-5) and PHIVOLCS reminded the public to remain outside of the 4-km-radius Permanent Danger Zone.
Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)

Report for Karymsky
KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Karymsky was visible in satellite images on 10 February. The volcano was either quiet or obscured by clouds on the other days during 4-11 February. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Report for Kilauea
HVO reported that lava effusion at the vent of the main cone in the lower W wall of Kilauea’s Halema`uma`u Crater continued at variable rates during 9-15 February. Effusion had paused, but restarted at 0120 on 9 February when lava again began entering the lava lake. The lake level fluctuated through the week, likely reflecting variable lava supply along with periods of inflation and deflation. Effusion from the W vent paused during around 0900-1100 on 11 February. The Aviation Color Code and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Orange and Watch, respectively.
Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

Report for Lewotolok
PVMBG reported that the eruption at Lewotolok continued during 8-15 February. Daily white-and-gray ash plumes rose as high as 1.2 km above the summit and drifted E and W. Incandescent material was ejected 300-350 m in multiple directions, and rumbling and weak banging noises were heard. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 3 km away from the summit crater and 4 km away from the crater on the SE flank.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Report for Manam
The Darwin VAAC reported that on 14 February ash plumes from Manam rose to 2.4 (8,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE.
Source: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC)

Report for Merapi
BPPTKG reported no significant morphological changes at Merapi’s lava domes, located just below the SW rim and in the summit crater, during 4-10 February. Seismicity remained at high levels. In the SW-flank Bebeng drainage there were as many as 133 lava avalanches that traveled a maximum of 2 km and three pyroclastic flows that extended 2 km. Ashfall was reported in multiple areas within about 20 km to the S, SE, and E including the Cangkringan, Sleman and Musuk districts. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-5 km away from the summit based on location.
Source: Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG)

Report for Nevado del Ruiz
On 15 February Servicio Geológico Colombiano’s (SGC) reported that during the previous week seismicity at Nevado del Ruiz was at similar levels to the weeks before, characterized by periods of continuous volcanic tremor, harmonic tremor, long-period events, and very-long-period earthquakes, indicating movement of fluids. These earthquakes occurred in the vicinity of Arenas Crater. Additional earthquake signals indicating rock fracturing were located at Arenas Crater and in areas to the SE and had decreased in size and frequency since the previous week. Two periods of “drumbeat” seismicity, indicting growth of the lava dome, were recorded on 10 February. Gas-and-ash emissions were periodically visible in webcam images. A small explosion on 11 February generated an ash plume that rose above the crater. According to the Washington VAAC an ash plume rose to 7 km (23,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted N at 1130 that same day. The Alert Level remained at 3 (Yellow; the second lowest level on a four-color scale).
Sources: Servicio Geológico Colombiano (SGC), Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

Report for Pavlof
AVO reported that the eruption at Pavlof was ongoing during 8-15 February with lava effusion from a vent on the upper SE flank feeding lava flows on the E flank. Seismicity was elevated with periods of tremor and elevated surface temperatures were identified in satellite images; both were consistent was continuing lava effusion. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange.
Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)

Report for Semeru
PVMBG reported that the eruption at Semeru continued during 8-15 February, though weather conditions sometimes hindered views. Crater incandescence was visible during 8-9 February. Daily eruptive events produced white-and-gray plumes that rose as high as 500 m above the summit and sometimes drifted SE and N. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4). The public was warned to stay at least 500 m away from Kobokan drainages within 17 km of the summit, along with other drainages originating on Semeru, including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat, due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Report for Semisopochnoi
AVO reported that low-level eruptive activity at Semisopochnoi's North Cerberus cone continued during 9-15 February. Seismicity was elevated with low-level tremor, and several small explosions were detected daily in both seismic and infrasound data, through 13 February. Steam and low-level ash emissions likely occurred daily, though due to weather clouds they were not confirmed in satellite and webcam images during 13-14 February. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch.
Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)

Report for Sheveluch
KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Sheveluch was identified in satellite images during 4-11 February. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Report for Suwanosejima
JMA reported that five explosions were recorded at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater during 7-14 February. The explosions produced ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km above the crater rim and ejected large blocks 300-400 m from the crater. Ashfall was reported in Toshima village (3.5 km SSW) during 11-14 February. The Alert Level remained at 3 and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from the crater.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

Report for Whakaari/White Island
On 15 February GeoNet reported that technicians recently repaired and upgraded equipment, improving the transmission of seismic and webcam data from Whakaari/White Island. The report noted that minor ash emissions from the active vents continued to be seen in webcam images. The lake had deepened due to recent wet weather conditions and mud geysering from one of the main craters was visible; mud geysering was common at the volcano during periods when the lake water was higher. The Volcanic Alert Level remained at 2 and the Aviation Color Code remained at Yellow.
Source: GeoNet

Report for Wolf
IG reported that the eruption at Wolf continued during 8-15 February. Daily thermal alert counts, anywhere from a few to over three hundred, indicated active and advancing lava flows on the SE flank.
Source: Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN)

Report for Yasur
The Wellington VAAC reported that during 12-13 February ash emissions from Yasur were visible in webcam and satellite images rising to 900 m (3,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifting S and SW.
Source: Wellington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)