The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reported continuing eruptive activity at Kanlaon during 30 December 2025-7 January 2026. The seismic network recorded 1-4 daily volcanic earthquakes. Gas-and-steam emissions of variable densities rose as high as 950 m above the crater rim and drifted in various directions. Daily sulfur dioxide emissions ranged from 550 to 2,598 tonnes per day. Two periods of ash emissions were visible on 3 January, one lasted 21 minutes and the other lasted one hour and four minutes. One of the emissions was captured in webcam images at 1635; it was grayish, rose 300 m above the crater rim, and drifted SW. Based on webcam images a grayish plume rose 350 m above the crater rim and drifted SW at 0555 on 6 January; the ash emission lasted for three hours and 30 minutes. Two periods of ash emissions were visible on 7 January, one lasted one hour and 48 minutes and the other lasted for six hours and 21 minutes. One of the emissions was captured in webcam images at 1458; it was grayish, rose 900 m above the crater rim, and drifted NW. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 0-5); the public was warned to stay out of the 4-km-radius Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ) and pilots were advised to avoid flying close to the summit.

Geological Summary. Kanlaon volcano (also spelled Canlaon) forms the highest point on the Philippine island of Negros. The massive andesitic stratovolcano is covered with fissure-controlled pyroclastic cones and craters, many of which are filled by lakes. The largest debris avalanche known in the Philippines traveled 33 km SW from Kanlaon. The summit contains a 2-km-wide, elongated northern caldera with a crater lake and a smaller but higher active vent, Lugud crater, to the south. Eruptions recorded since 1866 have typically consisted of phreatic explosions of small-to-moderate size that produce minor local ashfall.

Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)