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Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

Weekly Volcanic Activity Map

The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is a cooperative project between the Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program and the US Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program. Updated by 2300 UTC every Wednesday and averaging 16 reported volcanoes, this is not a comprehensive list of all eruptions this week, but rather a summary of activity that meet criteria discussed in the "Criteria and Disclaimers" section below.

Volcanic activity reported here is preliminary and subject to change. Carefully reviewed, detailed narratives over longer time periods are published as reports of the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network available through volcano profile pages.

Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for the week of 29 January-4 February 2025
Name Country Volcanic Region Eruption Start Date Report Status
Bezymianny Russia Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc New
Kilauea United States Hawaiian-Emperor Hotspot Volcano Group 2024 Dec 23 New
Kolumbo Greece Hellenic Volcanic Arc New
Poas Costa Rica Central America Volcanic Arc New
Purace Colombia Northern Andean Volcanic Arc New
Ahyi United States Mariana Volcanic Arc 2024 Aug 5 Continuing
Aira Japan Ryukyu Volcanic Arc 2017 Mar 25 Continuing
Ambae Vanuatu Vanuatu Volcanic Arc Continuing
Ambrym Vanuatu Vanuatu Volcanic Arc Continuing
Awu Indonesia Sangihe Volcanic Arc Continuing
Dukono Indonesia Halmahera Volcanic Arc 1933 Aug 13 Continuing
Ebeko Russia Kuril Volcanic Arc 2022 Jun 11 Continuing
Great Sitkin United States Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc 2021 May 25 Continuing
Ibu Indonesia Halmahera Volcanic Arc 2008 Apr 5 Continuing
Kanlaon Philippines Negros-Sulu Volcanic Arc 2024 Oct 19 Continuing
Karymsky Russia Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc 2024 Jun 20 Continuing
Lewotobi Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2023 Dec 23 Continuing
Lokon-Empung Indonesia Sangihe Volcanic Arc Continuing
Merapi Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2020 Dec 31 Continuing
Popocatepetl Mexico Trans-Mexican Volcanic Arc 2005 Jan 9 Continuing
Semeru Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2017 Jun 6 Continuing
Sheveluch Russia Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc 1999 Aug 15 Continuing
Stromboli Italy Aeolian Volcanic Arc 1934 Feb 2 Continuing
Suwanosejima Japan Ryukyu Volcanic Arc 2004 Oct 23 Continuing
Ubinas Peru Central Andean Volcanic Arc Continuing
Yasur Vanuatu Vanuatu Volcanic Arc 1270 ± 110 years Continuing
All times are local unless otherwise stated.
Weekly Reports Archive

Since the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report began in November 2000, there have been 20,940 individual reports over 1,257 weeks (average of 17 per week) on 340 different volcanoes.

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Adams Cotopaxi Iliamna Lewotolok Planchon-Peteroa Sulu Range
Agung Cuicocha Iliwerung Little Sitkin Poas Sumbing
Ahyi Cumbal Inielika Llaima Popocatepetl Sumisujima
Aira Dabbahu Ioto Lokon-Empung Purace Sundoro
Akan Davidof Irazu Lonquimay Puyehue-Cordon Caulle Suoh
Alaid Dempo Iwatesan Lopevi Rabaul Suretamatai
Alu-Dalafilla Descabezado Grande Iya Machin Raikoke Suwanosejima
Ambae Dieng Volcanic Complex Izu-Torishima Makushin Ranakah Taal
Ambang Dukono Jackson Segment Maly Semyachik Raoul Island Tair, Jebel at
Ambrym East Epi Kaba Manam Rasshua Takawangha
Anatahan Ebeko Kadovar Manda Hararo Raung Talang
Aniakchak Ebulobo Kaitoku Seamount Marapi Redoubt Tambora
Antillanca Volcanic Complex Edgecumbe Kama'ehuakanaloa Maroa Reventador Tanaga
Antuco Egon Kambalny Martin Reykjanes Tandikat-Singgalang
Apoyeque Ekarma Kanaga Masaya Rincon de la Vieja Tangkoko-Duasudara
Arenal Eldey Kanlaon Matthew Island Rinjani Tangkuban Parahu
Asamayama Erebus Karangetang Maule, Laguna del Ritter Island Tara, Batu
Askja Erta Ale Karkar Mauna Loa Rotorua Ta'u
Asosan Etna Karthala Mayon Ruang Taupo
Atka Volcanic Complex Etorofu-Yakeyama [Grozny Group] Karymsky McDonald Islands Ruapehu Telica
Augustine Eyjafjallajokull Kasatochi Melebingoy Ruby Tenerife
Avachinsky Fagradalsfjall Katla Melimoyu Ruiz, Nevado del Tengger Caldera
Awu Fentale Katmai Merapi Sabancaya Three Sisters
Axial Seamount Fernandina Kavachi Midagahara Sakar Tinakula
Azul, Cerro Fogo Kelimutu Misti, El Salak Tofua
Azumayama Fonualei Kelud Miyakejima San Cristobal Tokachidake
Bagana Fournaise, Piton de la Kerinci Momotombo San Miguel Tolbachik
Balbi Fourpeaked Ketoi Monowai San Vicente Toliman
Bamus Fuego Kharimkotan Montagu Island Sangay Tongariro
Banda Api Fujisan Kick 'em Jenny Moyorodake [Medvezhia] Sangeang Api Trident
Bardarbunga Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba Kie Besi Mutnovsky Santa Ana Tungurahua
Barren Island Galeras Kikai Myojinsho Santa Maria Turrialba
Batur Galunggung Kilauea Nabro Sao Jorge Ubinas
Bezymianny Gamalama Kirishimayama Negra, Sierra Sarigan Ugashik-Peulik
Bogoslof Gamkonora Kita-Ioto Negro, Cerro Sarychev Peak Ukinrek Maars
Brava Gareloi Kizimen Nightingale Island Saunders Ulawun
Bristol Island Gaua Klyuchevskoy Nishinoshima Savo Unnamed
Bulusan Gorely Kolokol Group Nisyros Semeru Unnamed
Calbuco Great Sitkin Kolumbo Novarupta Semisopochnoi Veniaminof
Callaqui Grimsvotn Koryaksky NW Rota-1 Seulawah Agam Villarrica
Cameroon Guagua Pichincha Krakatau Nyamulagira Sheveluch Vulcano
Campi Flegrei Guallatiri Krummel-Garbuna-Welcker Nyiragongo Shishaldin West Mata
Campi Flegrei del Mar di Sicilia Guntur Krysuvik-Trolladyngja Ofu-Olosega Simbo Westdahl
Cayambe Hachijojima Kuchinoerabujima Okataina Sinabung Whakaari/White Island
Chachadake [Tiatia] Hakoneyama Kurikomayama Okmok Sinarka Witori
Chaiten Heard Kusatsu-Shiranesan Ontakesan Siple Wolf
Chiginagak Hekla Kverkfjoll Oraefajokull Sirung Wrangell
Chikurachki Helgrindur La Palma Osorno Slamet Yakedake
Chiles-Cerro Negro Hierro Lamington Pacaya Snaefellsjokull Yasur
Chillan, Nevados de Hokkaido-Komagatake Lamongan Pagan Soputan Yellowstone
Chirinkotan Home Reef Langila Palena Volcanic Group Sorikmarapi Yufu-Tsurumi
Chirpoi Hood Lanin Paluweh Sotara Zaozan [Zaosan]
Ciremai Huaynaputina Lascar Panarea Soufriere Hills Zavodovski
Cleveland Hudson, Cerro Late Papandayan Soufriere St. Vincent Zhupanovsky
Colima Huila, Nevado del Lateiki Pavlof South Sarigan Seamount Zubair Group
Colo Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Lengai, Ol Doinyo Pelee Spurr
Concepcion Ibu Leroboleng Peuet Sague St. Helens
Copahue Ijen Lewotobi Pinatubo Stromboli
 News Feeds and Google Placemarks


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The RSS (Really Simple Syndication) feed is identical to the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report minus some features including the header information (latitude and longitude and summit elevation), the Geologic Summary, and a link to the volcano's page from the Global Volcanism Program. At the end of each report is a list of the sources used. Each volcano report includes a link from the volcano's name back to the more complete information in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report on the Smithsonian website. This feature was first made available on 5 March 2008.



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A Google Earth network link for the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report can be loaded into the free Google Earth software, and in turn will load placemarks for volcanoes in the current weekly report. Placemark balloons include the volcano name, report date, report text, sources, and links back to the GVP volcano profile page and to the complete Weekly Report for that week. This feature was first made available on 1 April 2009.

 Criteria & Disclaimers

Criteria



The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report does not necessarily include all volcanic activity that occurred on Earth during the week. More than a dozen volcanoes globally have displayed more-or-less continuous eruptive activity for decades or longer, and such routine activity is typically not reported here. Moreover, Earth's sea-floor volcanism is seldom reported even though in theory it represents the single most prolific source of erupted material. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report summarizes volcanic activity that meets one or more of the following criteria:

- A volcano observatory raises or lowers the alert level at the volcano.
- A volcanic ash advisory has been released by a volcanic ash advisory center (VAAC) stating that an ash cloud has been produced from the volcano.
- A verifiable news report of new activity or a change in activity at the volcano has been issued.
- Observers have reported a significant change in volcanic activity. Such activity can include, but is not restricted to, pyroclastic flows, lahars, lava flows, dome collapse, or increased unrest.

Volcanoes are included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report if the activity occurs after at least 3 months of quiescence. Once a volcano is included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section, updates will remain in that section unless the activity continues for more than 1 month without escalating, after which time updates will be listed in the "Continuing Activity" section. Volcanoes are also included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section if the volcano is undergoing a period of relatively high unrest, or increasing unrest. This is commonly equal to Alert Level Orange on a scale of Green, Yellow, Orange, Red, where Red is the highest alert. Or alert level 3 on a scale of 1-4 or 1-5.

It is important to note that volcanic activity meeting one or more of these criteria may occur during the week, but may not be included in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report because we did not receive a report.

Disclaimers



1. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is intended to provide timely information about global volcanism on a weekly basis. Consequently, the report is generated rapidly by summarizing volcanic reports from various sources, with little time for fact checking. The accuracy of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is dependent upon the quality of the volcanic activity reports we receive. Reports published in the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network are cover longer time periods and are more carefully reviewed, although all of the volcanoes discussed in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report are not necessarily reported in the Bulletin. Because of our emphasis on rapid reporting on the web we have avoided diacritical marks. Reports are updated on the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report web page as they are received, therefore information may be included regarding events that occurred before the current report period.

2. Rapidly developing events lead to coverage that is often fragmentary. Volcanoes, their eruptions, and their plumes and associated atmospheric effects are complex phenomena that may require months to years of data analysis in order to create a comprehensive summary and interpretation of events.

3. Preliminary accounts sometimes contain exaggerations and "false alarms," and accordingly, this report may include some events ultimately found to be erroneous or misleading.

4. Many news agencies do not archive the articles they post on the Internet, and therefore the links to some sources may not be active. To obtain information about the cited articles that are no longer available on the Internet contact the source.

5. USGS Disclaimer Statement for this Website:

Information presented on this website is considered public information and may be distributed or copied. Use of appropriate byline/photo/image credit is requested. We strongly recommend that USGS data be acquired directly from a USGS server and not through other sources that may change the data in some way. While USGS makes every effort to provide accurate and complete information, various data such as names, telephone numbers, etc. may change prior to updating. USGS welcomes suggestions on how to improve our home page and correct errors. USGS provides no warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy, reliability or completeness of furnished data.

Some of the documents on this server may contain live references (or pointers) to information created and maintained by other organizations. Please note that USGS does not control and cannot guarantee the relevance, timeliness, or accuracy of these outside materials.

For site security purposes and to ensure that this service remains available to all users, this government computer system employs software programs to monitor network traffic to identify unauthorized attempts to upload or change information, or otherwise cause damage. Unauthorized attempts to upload information or change information on this website are strictly prohibited and may be punishable under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986 and the National Information Infrastructure Protection Act. Information may also be used for authorized law enforcement investigations. (Last modified September 21, 1999.)

U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, USA
URL: https://volcano.si.edu/reports_weekly.cfm

 Acronyms and Abbreviations

a.s.l. - above sea level

AVO - Alaska Volcano Observatory

AVHRR - Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer

CENAPRED - Centro Nacionale de Prevencion de Desastres (México)

CONRED - Coordinadora Nacional para la Reducción de Desastres

COSPEC - Correlation Spectrometer

CVGHM (formerly VSI) - Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation

CVO - Cascades Volcano Observatory (USGS)

GMS - Geostationary Meteorological Satellite

GOES - Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite

GVO - Goma Volcano Observatory

GVP - Global Volcanism Program (Smithsonian Institution)

HVO - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (USGS)

ICE - Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad (Costa Rica)

IG - Instituto Geofísico (Ecuador)

IGNS - Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences (New Zealand) - now GNS Science

INETER - Instituto Nicaragüense de Estudios Territoriales (Nicaragua)

INGEMMET - Instituto Geológical Minero y Metalúrgico (Peru)

INGEOMINAS - Instituto Colombiano de Geología y Minería (Colombia)

INGV-CT - Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Catania (Italy)

INSIVUMEH - Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia e Hidrologia (Guatemala)

IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (France)

JMA - Japanese Meteorological Agency

KEMSD - Kamchatkan Experimental and Methodical Seismilogical Department

KVERT - Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team

M - magnitude

METEOSAT - Meteorological Satellite

MEVO - Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory

MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

MVO - Montserrat Volcano Observatory

MWO - Meteorological Watch Office

NEIC - National Earthquake Information Center

NIED - National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (Japan)

NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NOTAM - Notice to Airmen

OVDAS - Observatorio Volcanologico de los Andes del Sur (Chile)

OFDA - Office of US Foreign Disaster Assistance

ONEMI - Oficina Nacional de Emergencia - Ministerio del Interior (Chile)

OVPDLF - Observatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise (France)

OVSICORI-UNA - Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica, Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)

PHIVOLCS - Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (Philippines)

RSAM - Real-time Seismic Amplitude Measurement

RVO - Rabaul Volcano Observatory

SERNAGEOMIN - Servicio Nacional de Geologia y Mineria (Chile)

SIGMET - Significant Meteorological Information

SNET - Servicio Nacional de Estudios Territoriales (El Salvador)

SVERT - Sakhalin Volcanic Eruption Response Team (Russia)

USAID - US Agency for International Development

USGS - United States Geological Survey

UTC - Coordinated Universal Time

VAAC - Volcanic Ash Advisory Center

VAFTAD - Volcanic Ash Forecast Transport And Dispersion

VDAP - Volcano Disaster Assistance Program (USGS)

VHP - Volcano Hazards Program (USGS)

VRC - Volcano Research Center (Japan)

Report for Bezymianny
The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that a large thermal anomaly over Bezymianny was identified in satellite images overnight during 30-31 January. Intense gas-and-steam emissions were also occurring. The Aviation Color Code was raised to Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Satellite images on 3 February again showed a large thermal anomaly. Dates are reported in UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
Report for Kilauea
The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) reported that the eruption within Kilauea’s Kaluapele summit caldera continued during 29 January-4 February from vents along the SW margin of Halema’uma’u Crater. Small areas of incandescence from the cooling lava on the crater floor and at the vents were visible during 29-31 January and infrequent spatter occurred at the vents during 31 January-2 February. A phase of small sporadic fountaining that began the evening of 2 February intensified during the afternoon of 3 February. Fountains at the N vent became sustained by 2250 and within an hour they grew from 15 m to over 80 m high. Multiple lava flows emerged from the N vent at 2152 and had covered about 15-20 percent of the crater floor by 2250. Fountains rose as high as 100 m during the most intense phase. Lava fountaining began at the S vent at 2350. Fountaining from both the N and S vents was visible overnight during 3-4 February. At 0920 on 4 February fountains rose 40-50 m at the N vent and 25-35 m at the S vent. Lava covered the entire crater floor. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale).
Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)
Report for Kolumbo
According to the Ministry for Climate Crisis and Civil Protection, Greece, press release on 29 January, seismicity increased near Santorini, along the central Kameni fault in the N part of the caldera. Seismicity intensified and shifted NE to an area between the islands of Thira and Amorgos along a NE-SW-trending fault; during 31 January-1 February the largest earthquake was a M 4.3. The submarine Kolumbo volcano is located along that fault line, about 7 km NE of Santorini, though at the time scientists attributed the seismicity to tectonic activity. The Geodynamic Institute of the National Observatory of Athens reported more than 31,000 recorded earthquakes in that area, in a zone extending 15 km long, during 1-4 February, including 630 located events at depths of 2-18 km; events consisted of 155 at M 3.5-3.9, 48 at M 4-4.4, 21 at M 4.5-4.9, and one at M 5. During 4-5 February seismicity extended along an area about 30 km long. The seismicity was similar to a seismic crisis during 2010-2012 that did not lead to a volcanic eruption, though the previous activity was more intense and with larger average earthquake magnitudes.

According to news articles schools on islands including Santorini, Thira, Anafi, Ios, Amorgos, Mykonos, Leros, Syros, and Patmos were closed on 2 February through at least 4 February. Gatherings in enclosed spaces within Municipality of Thira were cancelled. By 3 February more than 11,000 people had left Santorini by ferry or plane, and additional flights to the islands were being scheduled to assist moving people to Athens.
Sources: CNN, CBS News, BBC News, Greek City Times, National Observatory of Athens, Ministry for Climate Crisis and Civil Protection
Report for Poas
The Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de Costa Rica-Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA) reported that small eruptions at Poás ejecting water and steam were recorded by seismic and infrasound sensors at 0038 and 0450 on 28 January and at 0643 on 29 January. The lake water was milky-gray in color and intense gas-and-steam emissions rose from the water’s surface due to fumarolic activity on the crater floor and convecting water. Gas monitoring instruments on the W crater rim detected significant amounts of hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide. The report noted that during January webcams recorded several bubbles from Boca A (SW part of the lake) on the surface of the lake and upwelling of bubbles from Boca C (central part of lake). Volcanologists directly observed these bubbles at 1055 and 1206 on 29 January; sulfur dioxide emissions averaged 384 tons per day. Gas emissions were lower on 30 January and two vigorous convection cells in the lake over both Boca A and Boca C were visible during 30-31 January. During 2-4 February gas emissions fluctuated between low and high values and bubbles or convection cells were active over both vents.
Source: Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica-Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA)
Report for Purace
The Servicio Geologico Colombiano (SGC) reported that a M 1.7 earthquake indicating rock fracturing occurred at 1700 on 1 February and was located 2 km below the Puracé cone. On 2 February there was an increase in tremor and long-period events with signals located less than 2 km beneath the cone. Deformation data did not show any significant movement and gas emissions were unchanged. The Alert Level remained at Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale).
Source: Servicio Geológico Colombiano (SGC)
Report for Ahyi
Unrest at Ahyi Seamount continued through 31 January. Satellite images showed a plume of discolored water in the vicinity of the seamount on 27 and 29 January, indicating possible submarine activity. No signals coming from the direction of Ahyi were identified in data from underwater pressure sensors near Wake Island (about 2,270 km E of Ahyi). The Aviation Color Code remained at Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale) and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Advisory (the second lowest level on a four-level scale).
Source: US Geological Survey
Report for Aira
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported ongoing eruptive activity at Minamidake Crater (Aira Caldera’s Sakurajima volcano) during 27 January-3 February. Nightly crater incandescence was visible in webcam images. Eruptive events recorded during 17 and 30-31 January produced ash plumes that rose 0.8-1.7 km above the crater rim and drifted E and SE. Ash plumes were continuous during 2043-2050 on 30 January. Explosions at 2013 on 30 January, at 1548 on 31 January, and at 1610 on 3 February generated ash plumes that rose 0.8-1.5 km above the crater rim and drifted SE. The explosion at 1548 on 31 January also ejected large blocks 300-500 m from the crater rim. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and the public was warned to stay 1 km away from both craters.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
Report for Ambae
On 30 January the Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD) reported that steam-and-gas emissions from the active vents at Ambae were ongoing during January based on satellite images. A low-level thermal anomaly was identified in satellite data on 17 January indicating an increase in surface temperatures. Seismic data also confirmed ongoing unrest. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 0-5), and the public was warned to stay outside of the Danger Zone, defined as a 2-km radius around the active vents in Lake Voui, and away from drainages during heavy rains.
Source: Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD)
Report for Ambrym
On 30 January the Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD) reported ongoing fumarolic activity at Ambrym from both Benbow and Marum craters based on webcam images. Seismic data confirmed ongoing unrest. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 0-5). VMGD warned the public to stay outside of Permanent Danger Zone A, defined as a 1-km radius around Benbow Crater and a 2-km radius around Marum Crater, and to stay 500 m away from the ground cracks created by the December 2018 eruption.
Source: Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD)
Report for Awu
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi reported that seismicity at Awu had decreased. Swarms of both deep and shallow volcanic earthquakes continued to occur but at decreasing frequency; the last swarm occurred during 1807-1817 on 31 January and consisted of nine shallow volcanic earthquakes. Tiltmeter data from the Kolongan station indicated continuing inflation of the volcano. Emissions continued to rose 10-200 m above the summit and had not significantly changed since July 2024. At 0600 on 2 February the Alert Level was lowered to 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 3 km away from the crater’s center.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Dukono
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that the eruption at Dukono was ongoing during 29 January-4 February. Daily white-and-gray ash plumes rose 100-800 m above the crater rim and drifted in multiple directions. Occasional thumping noises were reported during 31 January-1 February. The Alert Level remained at Level 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 4 km away from the Malupang Warirang Crater.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Ebeko
The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that eruptive activity at Ebeko was last observed on 31 December 2024, and since then only moderate levels of steam-and-gas activity had been observed. On 23 January the Aviation Color Code was lowered to Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
Report for Great Sitkin
The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) reported that slow lava effusion continued to feed a thick lava flow in Great Sitkin’s summit crater during 29 January-4 February. Cloudy satellite and webcam images prevented clear observations. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale).
Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)
Report for Ibu
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that the eruption at Ibu continued during 29 January-4 February. Multiple daily gray or white-and-gray ash plumes that were often dense rose as high as 1.5 km above the summit and drifted mainly NW, W, SW, and S. Webcam images posted with the reports often showed incandescence at the summit. On 29 January BNPB reported that evacuees will start returning to their homes due to the decrease in the exclusion zone announced the previous day. As many as 541 families, or 1,425 people, that were spread across nine evacuation centers will return home after officials check for safe conditions and that basic needs will be met. The Alert Level remained at 3 (the second highest level on a four-level scale) and the public was advised to stay 4 km away from the active crater and 5 km away from the N crater wall opening.
Sources: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM), Badan Nacional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB)
Report for Kanlaon
The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reported continuing eruptive activity at Kanlaon during 28 January-3 February. The seismic network recorded 5-16 daily volcanic earthquakes that, during 30 January-3 February, included 2-7 periods of volcanic tremor lasting two minutes to two hours and five minutes; volcanic tremor was not detected during 28-29 January. Average daily sulfur dioxide emissions ranged from 1,691 to 4,975 tonnes per day. Gas-and-steam emissions and those occasionally containing ash rose as high as 400 m above the summit and drifted NW, W, and SW. Weather clouds prevented views on 29 January.

The eruption continued to impact residents. The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) report issued at 0800 on 2 February stated that 9,834 people (3,107 families) were spread across 23 evacuation centers and another 8,388 people (2,662 families) were staying elsewhere. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 0-5); the public was warned to stay 6 km away from the summit and pilots were warned not to fly close to the volcano.
Sources: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC)
Report for Karymsky
The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported moderate levels of activity at Karymsky during 16-23 January. A weak thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
Report for Lewotobi
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity continued at Lewotobi Laki-laki during 29 January-4 February. An eruptive event was recorded at 1742 on 29 January though no emissions were visible due to weather clouds. Dense gray ash plumes on 2 and 4 February rose 400-700 m above the summit and drifted N and NE. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 5 km away from the center of Laki-laki and 6 km in a semicircle counterclockwise from the NE to the SW.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Lokon-Empung
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that seismicity at Lokon-Empung decreased during January. The number of shallow volcanic earthquakes gradually decreased from 102 daily events on 2 January, to 15 daily events on 15 January, to 1-5 daily events during 20-29 January. White emissions rose as high as 10 m above the summit. The Alert Level was lowered to 2 (on a scale of 1-4) at 0600 on 31 January and the public was warned to stay 1.5 km away from the crater.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Merapi
The Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG) reported that the eruption at Merapi (on Java) continued during 24-30 January. Seismicity was less intense than the previous week. The SW lava dome produced 57 lava avalanches that traveled as far as 1.8 km SW down the Bebeng drainage, 18 that traveled as far as 1.8 km SW down the Krasak drainage, and 31 that traveled as far as 2 km SW down the Sat/Putih drainage. Morphological changes at the SW dome were caused by continuing effusion and collapses of material. No significant morphological changes at the summit dome were visible. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-7 km away from the summit, based on location.
Source: Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG)
Report for Popocatepetl
The Centro Nacional de Prevención de Desastres (CENAPRED) reported that eruptive activity continued at Popocatépetl during 28 January-4 February. The seismic network recorded 41-170 long-period events per day that were accompanied by steam-and-gas emissions sometimes containing minor amounts of ash. The seismic network also recorded daily tremor, sometimes characterized as very-low amplitude, with periods lasting 14 minutes to as long as four hours and 24 minutes. During 30-31 January a period of emissions lasted 170 min based on seismic data. One volcano-tectonic per day was detected during 31 January-4 February. According to the Washington VAAC ash plumes were visible in webcam and satellite images during 31 January-4 February rising 5.8-7 km (19,000-23,000 ft) a.s.l. (as high as 1.6 km above the summit) and drifting N and NE. The Alert Level remained at Yellow, Phase Two (the middle level on a three-color scale) and the public was warned to stay 12 km away from the crater.
Sources: Centro Nacional de Prevencion de Desastres (CENAPRED), Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)
Report for Semeru
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity continued at Semeru during 29 January-4 February with daily eruptive events recorded by the seismic network. Gray or white-and-gray ash plumes rose 100-1,000 m above the summit and drifted N, NE, E, and SE. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second lowest level on a scale of 1-4). The public was warned to stay at least 5 km away from the summit in all directions, 13 km from the summit to the SE, 500 m from the banks of the Kobokan drainage as far as 17 km from the summit, and to avoid other drainages including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat, due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Sheveluch
The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that lava extrusion may have continued at Sheveluch’s “300 years of RAS” dome on the SW flank of Old Sheveluch and at the Young Sheveluch dome during 16-23 January. Daily thermal anomalies over the domes were identified in satellite images. Gas-and-steam plumes with some ash drifted 60 km NE during 20-21 January and plumes of resuspended ash drifted 300 km SE during 21-23 January. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
Report for Stromboli
Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV) reported that eruptive activity continued at Stromboli during 27 January-2 February. Webcam images showed Strombolian activity at four vents in Area N within the upper part of the Sciara del Fuoco and from two vents in Area C-S (South-Central Crater) on the crater terrace. The vents in Area N continued to produce low- to medium-intensity explosions at a rate of 8-9 events per hour, ejecting lapilli and bombs less than 150 m above the vents. Spattering continued and was sometimes intense, especially on 27 January and 2 February. Explosions at the vents in Area C-S ejected tephra more than 150 m above the vent at a rate of 2-4 events per hour. The Alert Level remained at Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-level scale).
Sources: Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV), Dipartimento della Protezione Civile
Report for Suwanosejima
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that eruptive activity at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater continued during 27 January-3 February. Incandescence was observed nightly in webcam images. An explosion was recorded at 0456 on 29 January though emission characteristics were unknown. Explosions at 0737 and 1740 on 2 February generated ash plumes that rose 400 m above the crater rim and drifted SE and 1 km above the crater rim and drifted S, respectively. Large blocks were ejected 400 m from the crater. Tremor accompanied the eruption events. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second level on a five-level scale) and the public was warned to stay at least 1.5 km away from the crater.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
Report for Ubinas
The Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) reported that a lahar descended the Volcánmayo drainage on the SE flank of Ubinas at 1722 on 31 January. The public was warned to stay away from the drainage and to avoid driving on the Querapi-Ubinas-Huarina highway. The Alert Level remained at Yellow (the second level on a four-color scale) and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from the crater.
Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)
Report for Yasur
On 30 January the Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD) reported that activity at Yasur continued at a level of “major unrest,” as defined by the Alert Level 2 status (on a scale of 0-5). Satellite and webcam images indicated that explosions continued, producing emissions of gas, steam, and/or ash. Gas emissions were identified in satellite images and seismic data confirmed continuing volcanic activity. The report warned that some of the explosions may eject material that falls in and around the crater. The public was reminded to not enter the restricted area within 600 m around the boundaries of the Permanent Exclusion Zone, defined by Danger Zone A on the hazard map.
Source: Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD)