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Due to the US Government shutdown, US Geological Survey support to provide the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is not available after October 1. Reports will resume when appropriations are authorized, but missed weeks will not be back-populated.

Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

Weekly Volcanic Activity Map

The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is a cooperative project between the Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program and the US Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program. Updated by 2300 UTC every Wednesday and averaging 16 reported volcanoes, this is not a comprehensive list of all eruptions this week, but rather a summary of activity that meet criteria discussed in the "Criteria and Disclaimers" section below.

Volcanic activity reported here is preliminary and subject to change. Carefully reviewed, detailed narratives over longer time periods are published as reports of the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network available through volcano profile pages.

Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for the week of 24 September-30 September 2025
Name Country Volcanic Region Eruption Start Date Report Status
Reykjanes Iceland Iceland Neovolcanic Rift Volcanic Province — New
Sabancaya Peru Central Andean Volcanic Arc 2025 Sep 13 New
Aira Japan Ryukyu Volcanic Arc 2017 Mar 25 Continuing
Ambae Vanuatu Vanuatu Volcanic Arc — Continuing
Ambrym Vanuatu Vanuatu Volcanic Arc — Continuing
Dukono Indonesia Halmahera Volcanic Arc 1933 Aug 13 Continuing
Fuego Guatemala Central America Volcanic Arc 2002 Jan 4 Continuing
Gaua Vanuatu Vanuatu Volcanic Arc — Continuing
Great Sitkin United States Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc 2021 May 25 Continuing
Ibu Indonesia Halmahera Volcanic Arc 2008 Apr 5 Continuing
Karymsky Russia Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc 2025 Apr 30 Continuing
Katmai United States Alaska Peninsula Volcanic Arc — Continuing
Kilauea United States Hawaiian-Emperor Hotspot Volcano Group 2024 Dec 23 Continuing
Klyuchevskoy Russia Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc — Continuing
Krasheninnikov Russia Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc 2025 Aug 2 Continuing
Lewotobi Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2023 Dec 23 Continuing
Lewotolok Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2025 Jan 16 Continuing
Lopevi Vanuatu Vanuatu Volcanic Arc — Continuing
Marapi Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2023 Dec 3 Continuing
Merapi Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2020 Dec 31 Continuing
Semeru Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2019 Feb 24 Continuing
Sheveluch Russia Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc 1999 Aug 15 Continuing
Suwanosejima Japan Ryukyu Volcanic Arc 2004 Oct 23 Continuing
Yasur Vanuatu Vanuatu Volcanic Arc 1270 ± 110 years Continuing
All times are local unless otherwise stated.
Weekly Reports Archive

Since the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report began in November 2000, there have been 21,801 individual reports over 1,291 weeks (average of 17 per week) on 343 different volcanoes.

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Use the dropdowns to choose the year and week for archived Weekly Reports.

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Adams Cotopaxi Iliamna Lewotolok Planchon-Peteroa Sulu Range
Agung Cuicocha Iliwerung Little Sitkin Poas Sumbing
Ahyi Cumbal Inielika Llaima Popocatepetl Sumisujima
Aira Dabbahu Ioto Lokon-Empung Purace Sundoro
Akan Davidof Irazu Lonquimay Puyehue-Cordon Caulle Suoh
Alaid Dempo Iwatesan Lopevi Rabaul Suretamatai
Alu-Dalafilla Descabezado Grande Iya Machin Raikoke Suwanosejima
Ambae Dieng Volcanic Complex Izu-Torishima Makushin Rainier Taal
Ambang Dukono Jackson Segment Maly Semyachik Ranakah Tair, Jebel at
Ambrym East Epi Kaba Manam Raoul Island Takawangha
Anatahan Ebeko Kadovar Manda Hararo Rasshua Talang
Aniakchak Ebulobo Kaitoku Seamount Marapi Raung Tambora
Antillanca Volcanic Complex Edgecumbe Kama'ehuakanaloa Maroa Redoubt Tanaga
Antuco Egon Kambalny Martin Reventador Tandikat-Singgalang
Apaneca Range Ekarma Kanaga Masaya Reykjanes Tangkoko-Duasudara
Apoyeque Eldey Kanlaon Matthew Island Rincon de la Vieja Tangkuban Parahu
Arenal Erebus Karangetang Maule, Laguna del Rinjani Tara, Batu
Asamayama Erta Ale Karkar Mauna Loa Ritter Island Ta'u
Askja Etna Karthala Mayon Rotorua Taupo
Asosan Etorofu-Yakeyama [Grozny Group] Karymsky McDonald Islands Ruang Telica
Atka Volcanic Complex Eyjafjallajokull Kasatochi Melebingoy Ruapehu Telong, Bur ni
Augustine Fagradalsfjall Katla Melimoyu Ruby Tenerife
Avachinsky Fentale Katmai Merapi Ruiz, Nevado del Tengger Caldera
Awu Fernandina Kavachi Midagahara Sabancaya Three Sisters
Axial Seamount Fogo Kelimutu Misti, El Sakar Tinakula
Azul, Cerro Fonualei Kelud Miyakejima Salak Tofua
Azumayama Fournaise, Piton de la Kerinci Momotombo San Cristobal Tokachidake
Bagana Fourpeaked Ketoi Monowai San Miguel Tolbachik
Balbi Fuego Kharimkotan Montagu Island San Vicente Toliman
Bamus Fujisan Kick 'em Jenny Moyorodake [Medvezhia] Sangay Tongariro
Banda Api Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba Kie Besi Mutnovsky Sangeang Api Trident
Bardarbunga Galeras Kikai Myojinsho Santa Ana Tungurahua
Barren Island Galunggung Kilauea Nabro Santa Maria Turrialba
Batur Gamalama Kirishimayama Negra, Sierra Sao Jorge Ubinas
Bezymianny Gamkonora Kita-Ioto Negro, Cerro Sarigan Ugashik-Peulik
Bogoslof Gareloi Kizimen Nightingale Island Sarychev Peak Ukinrek Maars
Brava Gaua Klyuchevskoy Nishinoshima Saunders Ulawun
Bristol Island Gede Kolokol Group Nisyros Savo Unnamed
Bulusan Gorely Kolumbo Northern EPR at 9.8°N Semeru Unnamed
Calbuco Great Sitkin Koryaksky Novarupta Semisopochnoi Veniaminof
Callaqui Grimsvotn Krakatau NW Rota-1 Seulawah Agam Villarrica
Cameroon Guagua Pichincha Krasheninnikov Nyamulagira Sheveluch Vulcano
Campi Flegrei Guallatiri Krummel-Garbuna-Welcker Nyiragongo Shishaldin West Mata
Campi Flegrei del Mar di Sicilia Guntur Krysuvik-Trolladyngja Ofu-Olosega Simbo Westdahl
Cayambe Hachijojima Kuchinoerabujima Okataina Sinabung Whakaari/White Island
Chachadake [Tiatia] Hakoneyama Kurikomayama Okmok Sinarka Witori
Chaiten Heard Kusatsu-Shiranesan Ontakesan Siple Wolf
Chiginagak Hekla Kverkfjoll Oraefajokull Sirung Wrangell
Chikurachki Helgrindur La Palma Osorno Slamet Yakedake
Chiles-Cerro Negro Hierro Lamington Pacaya Snaefellsjokull Yasur
Chillan, Nevados de Hokkaido-Komagatake Lamongan Pagan Soputan Yellowstone
Chirinkotan Home Reef Langila Palena Volcanic Group Sorikmarapi Yufu-Tsurumi
Chirpoi Hood Lanin Paluweh Sotara Zaozan [Zaosan]
Ciremai Huaynaputina Lascar Panarea Soufriere Hills Zavodovski
Cleveland Hudson, Cerro Late Papandayan Soufriere St. Vincent Zhupanovsky
Colima Huila, Nevado del Lateiki Pavlof South Sarigan Seamount Zubair Group
Colo Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Lengai, Ol Doinyo Pelee Spurr
Concepcion Ibu Lereboleng Peuet Sague St. Helens
Copahue Ijen Lewotobi Pinatubo Stromboli
 News Feeds and Google Placemarks


Download Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report Network RSS Feed

The RSS (Really Simple Syndication) feed is identical to the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report minus some features including the header information (latitude and longitude and summit elevation), the Geologic Summary, and a link to the volcano's page from the Global Volcanism Program. At the end of each report is a list of the sources used. Each volcano report includes a link from the volcano's name back to the more complete information in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report on the Smithsonian website. This feature was first made available on 5 March 2008.


Download Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report Network CAP Feed

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Download Smithsonian/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report Network Link Download Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report Network Link

A Google Earth network link for the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report can be loaded into the free Google Earth software, and in turn will load placemarks for volcanoes in the current weekly report. Placemark balloons include the volcano name, report date, report text, sources, and links back to the GVP volcano profile page and to the complete Weekly Report for that week. This feature was first made available on 1 April 2009.

 Criteria & Disclaimers

Criteria



The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report does not necessarily include all volcanic activity that occurred on Earth during the week. More than a dozen volcanoes globally have displayed more-or-less continuous eruptive activity for decades or longer, and such routine activity is typically not reported here. Moreover, Earth's sea-floor volcanism is seldom reported even though in theory it represents the single most prolific source of erupted material. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report summarizes volcanic activity that meets one or more of the following criteria:

- A volcano observatory raises or lowers the alert level at the volcano.
- A volcanic ash advisory has been released by a volcanic ash advisory center (VAAC) stating that an ash cloud has been produced from the volcano.
- A verifiable news report of new activity or a change in activity at the volcano has been issued.
- Observers have reported a significant change in volcanic activity. Such activity can include, but is not restricted to, pyroclastic flows, lahars, lava flows, dome collapse, or increased unrest.

Volcanoes are included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report if the activity occurs after at least 3 months of quiescence. Once a volcano is included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section, updates will remain in that section unless the activity continues for more than 1 month without escalating, after which time updates will be listed in the "Continuing Activity" section. Volcanoes are also included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section if the volcano is undergoing a period of relatively high unrest, or increasing unrest. This is commonly equal to Alert Level Orange on a scale of Green, Yellow, Orange, Red, where Red is the highest alert. Or alert level 3 on a scale of 1-4 or 1-5.

It is important to note that volcanic activity meeting one or more of these criteria may occur during the week, but may not be included in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report because we did not receive a report.

Disclaimers



1. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is intended to provide timely information about global volcanism on a weekly basis. Consequently, the report is generated rapidly by summarizing volcanic reports from various sources, with little time for fact checking. The accuracy of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is dependent upon the quality of the volcanic activity reports we receive. Reports published in the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network are cover longer time periods and are more carefully reviewed, although all of the volcanoes discussed in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report are not necessarily reported in the Bulletin. Because of our emphasis on rapid reporting on the web we have avoided diacritical marks. Reports are updated on the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report web page as they are received, therefore information may be included regarding events that occurred before the current report period.

2. Rapidly developing events lead to coverage that is often fragmentary. Volcanoes, their eruptions, and their plumes and associated atmospheric effects are complex phenomena that may require months to years of data analysis in order to create a comprehensive summary and interpretation of events.

3. Preliminary accounts sometimes contain exaggerations and "false alarms," and accordingly, this report may include some events ultimately found to be erroneous or misleading.

4. Many news agencies do not archive the articles they post on the Internet, and therefore the links to some sources may not be active. To obtain information about the cited articles that are no longer available on the Internet contact the source.

5. USGS Disclaimer Statement for this Website:

Information presented on this website is considered public information and may be distributed or copied. Use of appropriate byline/photo/image credit is requested. We strongly recommend that USGS data be acquired directly from a USGS server and not through other sources that may change the data in some way. While USGS makes every effort to provide accurate and complete information, various data such as names, telephone numbers, etc. may change prior to updating. USGS welcomes suggestions on how to improve our home page and correct errors. USGS provides no warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy, reliability or completeness of furnished data.

Some of the documents on this server may contain live references (or pointers) to information created and maintained by other organizations. Please note that USGS does not control and cannot guarantee the relevance, timeliness, or accuracy of these outside materials.

For site security purposes and to ensure that this service remains available to all users, this government computer system employs software programs to monitor network traffic to identify unauthorized attempts to upload or change information, or otherwise cause damage. Unauthorized attempts to upload information or change information on this website are strictly prohibited and may be punishable under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986 and the National Information Infrastructure Protection Act. Information may also be used for authorized law enforcement investigations. (Last modified September 21, 1999.)

U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, USA
URL: https://volcano.si.edu/reports_weekly.cfm

 Acronyms and Abbreviations

a.s.l. - above sea level

AVO - Alaska Volcano Observatory

AVHRR - Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer

CENAPRED - Centro Nacionale de Prevencion de Desastres (México)

CONRED - Coordinadora Nacional para la Reducción de Desastres

COSPEC - Correlation Spectrometer

CVGHM (formerly VSI) - Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation

CVO - Cascades Volcano Observatory (USGS)

GMS - Geostationary Meteorological Satellite

GOES - Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite

GVO - Goma Volcano Observatory

GVP - Global Volcanism Program (Smithsonian Institution)

HVO - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (USGS)

ICE - Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad (Costa Rica)

IG - Instituto Geofísico (Ecuador)

IGNS - Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences (New Zealand) - now GNS Science

INETER - Instituto Nicaragüense de Estudios Territoriales (Nicaragua)

INGEMMET - Instituto Geológical Minero y Metalúrgico (Peru)

INGEOMINAS - Instituto Colombiano de Geología y Minería (Colombia)

INGV-CT - Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Catania (Italy)

INSIVUMEH - Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia e Hidrologia (Guatemala)

IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (France)

JMA - Japanese Meteorological Agency

KEMSD - Kamchatkan Experimental and Methodical Seismilogical Department

KVERT - Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team

M - magnitude

METEOSAT - Meteorological Satellite

MEVO - Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory

MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

MVO - Montserrat Volcano Observatory

MWO - Meteorological Watch Office

NEIC - National Earthquake Information Center

NIED - National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (Japan)

NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NOTAM - Notice to Airmen

OVDAS - Observatorio Volcanologico de los Andes del Sur (Chile)

OFDA - Office of US Foreign Disaster Assistance

ONEMI - Oficina Nacional de Emergencia - Ministerio del Interior (Chile)

OVPDLF - Observatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise (France)

OVSICORI-UNA - Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica, Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)

PHIVOLCS - Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (Philippines)

RSAM - Real-time Seismic Amplitude Measurement

RVO - Rabaul Volcano Observatory

SERNAGEOMIN - Servicio Nacional de Geologia y Mineria (Chile)

SIGMET - Significant Meteorological Information

SNET - Servicio Nacional de Estudios Territoriales (El Salvador)

SVERT - Sakhalin Volcanic Eruption Response Team (Russia)

USAID - US Agency for International Development

USGS - United States Geological Survey

UTC - Coordinated Universal Time

VAAC - Volcanic Ash Advisory Center

VAFTAD - Volcanic Ash Forecast Transport And Dispersion

VDAP - Volcano Disaster Assistance Program (USGS)

VHP - Volcano Hazards Program (USGS)

VRC - Volcano Research Center (Japan)

Global Volcanism Program  ·  Department of Mineral Sciences  ·  National Museum of Natural History
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Report for Reykjanes
The Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) reported that by 23 September around 10 million cubic meters of magma had accumulated beneath Svartsengi since the last eruption within the Reykjanes volcanic system ended on 5 August. Data showed that magma was accumulating at around 4 km depth. The rate of magma accumulation was steady; model calculations based on deformation measurements indicated that by 27 September the volume may reach 11 million cubic meters, a volume that in some previous cases was followed by eruptions. Since the likelihood of an eruption had increased, IMO raised the Volcanic Alert Level System (VAL) to 2 (on a scale of 0-3) on 25 September and concurrently a risk assessment map of the area was also updated.
Source: Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO)
Report for Sabancaya
The Instituto Geofísico del Perú’s (IGP) Centro Vulcanológico Nacional (CENVUL) reported that daily gas-and-steam plumes at Sabancaya rose 300-1,300 m above the crater rim and drifted less than 10 km in multiple directions during 23-29 September. Thermal anomalies on the summit crater floor were detected almost daily. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale) and the public was warned to stay outside of a 12 km radius from the summit.
Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)
Report for Aira
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported ongoing eruptive activity at Minamidake Crater (Aira Caldera’s Sakurajima volcano) during 22-29 September. Nightly crater incandescence was visible in webcam images. A very small eruptive event was recorded on 27 September. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and the public was warned to be cautious within 2 km of both the Minimadake and Showa craters.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
Report for Ambae
The Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD) reported ongoing unrest at Ambae during the month of September based on seismic and satellite data, webcam images, and field observations. Sulfur dioxide emissions were identified in satellite images during 1-10, 12-14, and 16-21 September. A very low-level thermal anomaly was also detected in satellite images during 11 and 20-22 September. Steam and/or gas emissions were visible in satellite and webcam observations on 12 September. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 0-5), and the public was warned to stay outside of Danger Zone A, defined as a 2-km radius around the active vents in Lake Voui, and to stay away from drainages during heavy rains.
Source: Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD)
Report for Ambrym
The Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD) reported ongoing unrest at Ambrym during September. A weak thermal anomaly was detected in satellite images on 4 and 12 September. Seismic data confirmed ongoing unrest. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 0-5). VMGD warned the public to stay outside of Permanent Danger Zone A, defined as a 1-km radius around Benbow Crater and a 2-km radius around Marum Crater, and to stay 500 m away from the ground cracks created by the December 2018 eruption.
Source: Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD)
Report for Dukono
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity at Dukono continued during 24-30 September. White-and-gray gas-and-ash plumes rose as high as 700 m above the summit on most days and drifted E, NW, and W. White plumes rose as high as 200 m above the summit and drifted E and SW on 26 and 29 September. The Alert Level remained at Level 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 4 km away from the Malupang Warirang Crater.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Fuego
The Instituto Nacional de Sismología, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia e Hidrología (INSIVUMEH) reported that eruptive activity at Fuego continued during 23-30 September. Daily Strombolian explosions were recorded by the seismic network at rates of 5-10 per hour. The explosions generated daily gas-and-ash plumes that rose as high as 1.1 km above the summit and drifted as far as 40 km NW, W, and SW. Occasional rumbling sounds, shock waves, and/or sound associated with gas emissions were reported; the shock waves rattled buildings and structures in communities on the SW and W flanks during 23-24 September. Explosions ejected incandescent material 100-200 m above the summit during 27-30 September, sometimes showering the upper flanks with incandescent material. Daily block avalanches descended the flanks, including the Las Lajas (SE), Seca (W), Taniluya (SSW), Trinidad (SSW), Santa Teresa (W), and Ceniza (SSW) drainages, occasionally reaching vegetated areas. Ashfall was reported in areas downwind including Finca Palo Verde (10 km WSW), Yepocapa (12 km SW), Sangre de Cristo (8 km W), El Porvenir (11 km SW), Quisaché (8 km NW), and Soledad (11 km N) during 23-24 September, in Yepocapa during 24-25 September, in areas on the SW flank during 25-26 September, and in Panimache (8 km SW), Sangre de Cristo, Finca Palo Verde, and Yepocapa during 28-29 September.

Heavy rain generated lahars in multiple drainages during 22-23, 25, and 28 September. Special reports issued at 1655, at 1707, at 1736, and 1813 on 22 September noted that lahars descended the El Jute (ESE), Las Lajas, Ceniza, Zarco, Mazate, Seca, and Mineral (W) drainages. The lahars that descended the El Jute and Las Lajas drainages were hot and had a sulfur odor. On 23 September lahars descended the Santa Teresa, El Jute, Ceniza, and possibly the Las Lajas based on reports from 1410, 1440, and 1500. Reports issued at 1530 and 1601 on 25 September noted that lahars traveled down the Seca, Mineral, Ceniza, Zarco, and Mazate drainages. Lahars descended the Ceniza, Zarco, and Mazate drainages the next day based on a report from 1940 on 28 September. All of the lahars were characterized as a mixture of water and sediment that carried tree branches, trunks, and blocks as large as 3 m in diameter.
Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH)
Report for Gaua
The Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards (VMGD) reported that unrest continued at Gaua during September. Sulfur dioxide emissions were identified in satellite images during 7, 9-10, and 20 September and steam and/or gas emissions were visible in satellite images rising from the vent during 7, 9, 11, and 17-18 September. A very low thermal anomaly was detected on 14 September. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 0-5) and the public was warned to stay away from the main cone.
Source: Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD)
Report for Great Sitkin
The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) reported that slow lava effusion continued to feed a thick flow in Great Sitkin’s summit crater during 24-29 September. Satellite data indicated that the SE part of the flow slightly inflated. Advancement was detected around the SW, S, and SE margins of the flow; the fastest moving part of the flow advanced at a rate of about 5 m per day. Small daily earthquakes were detected by the seismic network daily along with rockfall signals. Weather clouds often obscured satellite and webcam views, though elevated surface temperatures were identified in 29 September satellite views. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale).
Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)
Report for Ibu
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that the eruption at Ibu continued during 24-30 September. Dense gray or white-and-gray ash plumes rose 300-700 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions. Incandescence at the summit was visible in a few nighttime webcam images. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second lowest level on a four-level scale) and the public was advised to stay 2 km away from the active crater and 3.5 km away from the N crater wall opening.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Karymsky
The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that explosions at Karymsky were last observed in August. In September activity was at moderate levels characterized by steam-and-gas emissions and a weak thermal anomaly identified in satellite images; weather clouds sometimes obscured views. On 25 September the Aviation Color Code was lowered to Yellow (the second level on a four-color scale). Dates and times are provided in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC); specific events are indicated in local time where specified.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
Report for Katmai
The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) reported that on 27 September strong winds in the vicinity of Katmai and the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes dispersed unconsolidated ash up to 1.8 km (6,000 ft) a.s.l. to the SE. The ash was originally deposited during the Novarupta-Katmai eruption in 1912. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Normal (the lowest level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Green (the lowest level on a four-color scale).
Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)
Report for Kilauea
The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) reported that the eruption within Kilauea’s Kaluapele summit caldera, characterized by episodic fountaining, incandescence, and intermittent spatter from craters along the SW margin of Halema’uma’u Crater, continued at variable levels during 23-29 September. Incandescence at both the N and S vents was visible overnight during the week and gas plumes continued to be emitted from them. Scientists did not see lava in the vents during an overflight on 24 September. Weak spattering and occasional flames at the N vent were visible during 27-28 September. Persistent glow from N vent overnight during 28-29 September was punctuated by nine gas-piston cycles of lava overflowing the cone and draining back into the cone. They were recorded at 2147 on 28 September and at 0215, at 0426, at 0512, at 0618, at 0632, at 0700, at 0740, and at 0814 on 29 September, and each lasted 5-10 minutes. There was intermittent but strong incandescence at the S vent. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale).
Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)
Report for Klyuchevskoy
The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that wind was no longer resuspending ash previously deposited on the N flank of Klyuchevskoy. Only fumarolic emissions were observed. The Aviation Color Code was lowered to Green (the lowest level on a four-color scale) on 25 September. Dates and times are provided in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC); specific events are indicated in local time where specified.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
Report for Krasheninnikov
The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that the eruption at Krasheninnikov continued during 18-25 September. A daily large thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images. Explosions at Northern Cone produced ash plumes that rose 2.4 km a.s.l., or nearly 600 m above the summit, and drifted 260 km SE and E during 23-25 September. A commercial satellite image on 25 September showed that lava flows had traveled 2.9 km NW, 2.8 km NE, and 3 km ENE. The upper half of the ENE flows were incandescent along with the main vent of Northern Cone. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates and times are provided in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC); specific events are indicated in local time where specified.
Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT), Copernicus
Report for Lewotobi
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that daily white-and-gray or gray ash plumes with variable densities rose as high as 2 km above the summit of Lewotobi Laki-laki and drifted N, NW, W, and SW during 23-29 September. According to a news article the Fransiskus Xaverius Seda Airport (60 km W) was closed on 26 September through early 27 September; volcanic ash caused six flights to be canceled. PVMBG noted that seismic activity during the week was dominated by low-frequency earthquakes, non-harmonic tremor, and signals indicating eruptive events and emissions. The number of explosions fluctuated at moderate levels and the number of deep volcanic earthquakes declined. Tilt data indicated inflation at shallow depths and GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) data showed continuing deformation. At 1500 on 29 September the Alert Level was lowered to 3 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 6 km away from the center of Laki-laki.
Sources: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM), Antara News
Report for Lewotolok
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that an eruption at Lewotolok was ongoing during 24-30 September. On most days white-and-gray ash plumes rose 100-600 m above the summit of the cone and drifted W and NW; only white plumes rising to 100 m above the summit were observed on 27 September. Several nighttime webcam images showed Strombolian ejections of incandescent material above the cone and onto the flanks. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 3 km away from the summit.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Lopevi
The Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD) reported that seismic data confirmed continuing unrest at Lopevi during September. Low-level thermal anomalies were identified in satellite images during 12-13 and 17 September. Small fumarolic steam plumes were continuously emitted from the summit crater on 22 September based on webcam images. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 0-4).
Source: Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD)
Report for Marapi
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity at Marapi (on Sumatra) continued during 24-30 September. Eruptive events at 1959 on 24 September and at 2116 on 26 September were recorded but weather conditions prevented visual confirmation. An eruptive event at 1831 on 26 September produced a dense white-and-gray ash plume that rose 1 km above the summit and drifted E. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 3 km away from the active crater.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Merapi
The Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG) reported that the eruption at Merapi (on Java) continued during 19-25 September. The SW lava dome produced 5 lava avalanches that traveled as far as 2 km SW down the Bebeng drainage, 37 that traveled as far as 2 km SW down the Krasak drainage, and 46 that traveled as far as 2 km W down the Sat/Putih drainage. Small morphological changes to the SW lava dome resulted from lava effusion and minor collapses. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-7 km away from the summit, based on location.
Source: Antara News
Report for Semeru
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that activity continued at Semeru during 24-30 September, with daily eruptive events recorded by the seismic network. Daily white-and-gray or gray ash plumes rose 400-900 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second lowest level on a scale of 1-4). The public was warned to stay at least 3 km away from the summit in all directions, 8 km from the summit to the SE, 500 m from the banks of the Kobokan drainage as far as 13 km from the summit, and to avoid other drainages including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat, due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Sheveluch
The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported continuing eruptive activity at Sheveluch’s “300 years of RAS” dome on the SW flank of Old Sheveluch and at the Young Sheveluch dome during 18-25 September. Daily thermal anomalies over the domes were identified in satellite images. Ash plumes were identified in satellite and webcam images rising to 5 km a.s.l. and drifting more than 150 km SE and NW during 18-19 September. Plumes of resuspended ash drifted 1,700 km E and SE during 23-25 September. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
Report for Suwanosejima
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that eruptive activity at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater continued during 22-29 September. Incandescence was observed nightly in webcam images. Eruptive events during 23-28 September generated ash plumes that rose 1-1.6 km above the crater rim and drifted mainly N, NW, and E. Small amounts of ashfall were reported in Toshima Village (3.5 km SSW) on 27 September. Ash emissions were continuous from 2238 on 27 September to 0100 on 28 September. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second level on a five-level scale) and the public was warned to be cautious within 1.5 km of the crater.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
Report for Yasur
The Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD) reported that activity at Yasur continued at a level of “major unrest,” as defined by the Alert Level 2 status (on a scale of 0-5) during September. Sulfur dioxide gas emissions were identified in satellite images during 2-17 and 19-21 September, and low-level thermal anomalies were identified during 6-7, 9-12, 16-17, and 19 September. Field photos and webcam images indicated that explosions continued periodically, producing emissions of gas, steam, and/or ash during 3, 9-10, 12, 14, 16-19, 21, and 23-25 September. Seismic data confirmed continuing volcanic activity with explosions that were occasionally strong. The report warned that ejected material from explosions could fall in and around the crater. The public was reminded to not enter the restricted area within 600 m around the boundaries of the Permanent Exclusion Zone, defined by Danger Zone A on the hazard map.
Source: Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD)