Report for Whakaari/White Island
The Wellington VAAC reported ongoing low-level ash emissions from Whakaari/White Island during 4-10 September based on satellite data, webcam views, and weather models. The plumes rose 0.9-1.5 km (3,000-5,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted N, NE, E, and SE. Views were sometimes obscured by weather clouds.

Report for Merapi
BPPTKG reported that the eruption at Merapi (on Java) continued during 30 August-5 September. Seismicity was less intense compared to the previous week. The SW lava dome produced 232 lava avalanches that traveled as far as 1.8 km down the Bebeng drainage on the SW flank. Morphological changes to the SW lava dome were due to continuing effusion and collapses of material. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-7 km away from the summit, based on location.

Report for Semeru
PVMBG reported that eruptive activity continued at Semeru during 4-10 September with multiple daily eruptive events recorded by the seismic network. White-and-gray ash plumes that were sometimes dense rose 300-600 m above the summit and drifted SW during 5, 7, and 9-10 September. Emissions were not observed on the other days. Crater incandescence was sometimes visible in webcam images. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second lowest level on a scale of 1-4). The public was warned to stay at least 5 km away from the summit in all directions, 13 km from the summit to the SE, 500 m from the banks of the Kobokan drainage as far as 17 km from the summit, and to avoid other drainages including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat, due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards.

Report for Lewotobi
PVMBG reported that eruptive activity at Lewotobi’s Laki-laki volcano continued during 4-10 September mainly from a vent on the upper NW flank. Daily gray or white-and-gray ash plumes that were sometimes dense rose as high as 1.2 km above the summit and drifted SW, W, and NW; only white emissions were visible on 4 September. A webcam image from 0333 on 5 September captured an area of incandescence on the flank and possible lightning in the lower part of the plume. A news article noted that for the past two months operations continued to be suspended at the Frans Seda Maumere Airport (60 km WSW) because ashfall continued to impact the runways. The report also noted that the airport in Ende had been closed for several days. The Alert Level remained at 3 (the second highest level on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay outside of the exclusion zone, defined as a 3 km radius around both Laki-laki and Perempuan craters, 4 km to the NNW and SSE of Laki-laki.

Report for Dukono
PVMBG reported that the eruption at Dukono was ongoing during 4-10 September. Gray-and-white ash plumes that were sometimes dense rose 100-1,200 m above the summit and drifted E, S, and W on most days; white plumes rose as high as 800 m above the summit and drifted E on 4 September. The Alert Level remained at Level 2 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to remain outside of the 3-km exclusion zone.

Report for Ibu
PVMBG reported that activity at Ibu continued during 4-10 September with multiple eruptive events recorded daily. Daily gray or white-and-gray ash plumes that were sometimes dense generally rose as high as 1.5 km above the summit and drifted in multiple directions. At 1756 on 7 September a dense gray ash plume rose as high as 4 km above the crater rim and drifted W. Some webcam images posted with the reports showed incandescence visible above the crater rim. The Alert Level remained at 3 (the second highest level on a four-level scale) and the public was advised to stay 4 km away from the active crater and 5 km away from the N crater wall opening.

Report for Kanlaon
PHIVOLCS issued special notices for Kanlaon noting periods of increased seismicity and continuing high levels sulfur dioxide gas emissions. The seismic network detected 288 volcano-tectonic earthquakes from 2030 on 9 September to 1100 on 10 September that were located at depths of 0-9 km beneath the NE flank. The strongest events were classified at Intensity II and felt in some barangays (neighborhoods) of Canlaon City, 8 km SSE, Negros Oriental. Rumbling sounds were reported by residents of Bago City and a strong sulfur odor was reported in a few barangays in the cities of Bago (30 km NW), La Carlota (14 km W), and Canlaon. According to a news article the intense seismicity prompted the local Canlaon City government to order a mandatory evacuation of the Permanent Danger Zone, defined as a 4 km radius from the summit, as a precautionary measure. About 91 families (301 people) moved to evacuation centers.

Summit emissions of sulfur dioxide measured with a Flyspec instrument averaged 9,985 tonnes/day (t/d) on 10 September, the highest ever recorded at the volcano. Sulfur odors were reported in the barangays of Ilijan (Bago), Ara-al and San Miguel (La Carlota), and in Masulog, Linothangan, and Pula (Canlaon). A steam-and-gas plume rose 1 km above the summit and drifted SE. Another record high for sulfur dioxide emissions was recorded on 11 September with an average of 11,556 t/d. Residents reported sulfur odors in areas downwind including San Miguel, Masulog, Pula, Codcod (San Carlos City), and Inolingan (Moises Padilla). A news report noted that both public and private schools suspended classes in four barangays.

Elevated sulfur dioxide gas fluxes had been recorded in 2024 with an average of 1,273 t/d prior to the 3 June eruption; afterward the eruption emissions were averaging 3,468 t/d. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 0-5) and PHIVOLCS reminded the public to remain outside of the 4-km-radius Permanent Danger Zone and warned pilots not to fly close to the volcano.

Report for Suwanosejima
JMA reported that eruptive activity at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater continued during 2-9 September and crater incandescence was observed nightly in webcam images. The seismic network recorded 12 explosions and numerous eruptive events. Occasional rumbling and ashfall were reported at the Suwanosejima Branch Office in Toshima village (3.5 km SSW) on unspecified dates. The explosions were recorded at 2027 on 2 September, at 1103 and 2304 on 4 September, at 0425, 1602, and 1736 on 5 September, at 0541, 1938, and 2036 on 6 September, at 2121 on 7 September, at 2144 on 8 September, and at 1728 on 9 September. The explosions generated ash plumes that rose 0.4-1.7 km above the crater rim and drifted NW, W, and SW; details about the last two explosions were unknown. Large blocks were sometimes ejected as far as 600 m from the vent. As many as 11 daily eruptive events were also recorded and produced ash plumes that rose as high as 1.6 km above the crater rim and drifted NW, W, and SW. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a 5-level scale) and the public was warned to stay at least 1.5 km away from the crater.

Report for Kikai
JMA reported that no activity at Iodake Crater located at Satsuma Iwo-jima, a subaerial part of Kikai’s NW caldera rim, was detected after the 1 and 3 September eruptive events. Crater incandescence continued to be observed at night. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a 5-level scale), and residents were warned to stay 500 m away from Iodake Crater.

Report for Aira
JMA reported ongoing eruptive activity at Minamidake Crater (Aira Caldera’s Sakurajima volcano) during 2-9 September. Nighttime crater incandescence was visible in webcam images during dark hours. Very small eruptive events occasionally occurred. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and the public was warned to stay 1 km away from both craters.

Report for Ebeko
KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 29 August-6 Septrmber. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during 2-5 September generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted N. Satellite data indicated that either no activity was observed, or weather conditions prevented views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Report for Karymsky
KVERT reported moderate levels of activity at Karymsky during 29 August-6 September. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images during 29-30 August and 3-4 September. A series of six significant explosions on 30 August generated ash plumes that rose as high as 7 km (23,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted 150 km ENE. The Aviation Color Code was briefly raised to Red (the highest level on a four-color scale) and then lowered back to Orange that same day. Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Report for Klyuchevskoy
KVERT lowered the Aviation Color Code for Klyuchevskoy to Green (the lowest level on a four-color scale) at 2300 on 7 September, noting that seismicity had decreased to background levels and no signs of eruptive activity were identified in satellite data. Dates and times are in UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Report for Sheveluch
KVERT reported that during 1-6 September lava extrusion likely continued at Sheveluch’s “300 years of RAS” dome on the SW flank of Old Sheveluch and at a new vent or dome that formed during the 17-18 August explosive events. Daily thermal anomalies over the domes were identified in satellite images. Explosive activity during 1-2 September generated ash plumes that rose as high as 8 km (26,200 ft) a.s.l. and drifted 1,050 km NE. The plume was detected over the Arctic Ocean during 4-5 September. On 5 September a plume of resuspended ash drifted 95 km E. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Report for Great Sitkin
AVO reported that slow lava effusion continued to feed a thick lava flow in Great Sitkin’s summit crater during 4-10 September. Seismicity was low with few small daily earthquakes. Steam rising from the flow was visible in webcam views on 8 September. Weather clouds often obscured views of the summit. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale).

Report for Santa Maria
INSIVUMEH reported ongoing eruptive activity at Santa Maria’s Santiaguito lava-dome complex during 3-10 September with lava extrusion, block collapses, and avalanches at the Caliente dome complex. Effusion of blocky lava produced block avalanches on the dome’s flanks and occasional short pyroclastic flows that descended multiple flanks; the deposits created promontories of unstable material near the top of the 2022 lava flow located in the Zanjón Seco and San Isidro drainages. Incandescence from avalanches of material at the dome as well as explosions was visible during dark hours. Daily explosions (a few per hour) generated gas-and-ash plumes that rose 500-900 m above the summit and drifted mainly N, W, and SW. Ashfall was reported in San Marcos (8 km SW) and Loma Linda Palajunoj (7 km SW) during 5-6 September. Ash fell on the flanks and in surrounding areas during 7-8 September.

Report for Fuego
INSIVUMEH reported that eruptive activity continued at Fuego during 3-10 September. Daily explosions were recorded by the seismic network, averaging 3-10 per hour. The explosions generated gas-and-ash plumes that rose as high as 1.1 km above the crater rim and drifted as far as 30 km NW, W, and SW. The explosions ejected incandescent material 100-200 m above the summit on most days and produced avalanches of material that descended the flanks, sometimes reaching vegetated areas. Weak rumbling sounds were reported on most days and shock waves were sometimes detected in local areas. Ashfall was reported on a few of the days in areas downwind including Panimaché I and II (8 km SW), Finca Palo Verde (10 km SW), El Porvenir (10 km S), Santa Sofia (12 km SW), Sangre de Cristo (10 km SW), Morelia (10 km SW), Los Yucales (12 km SW), Yepocápa (8 km NW), and other nearby communities. Ashfall was forecast for areas downwind on some of the other days. During the evening of 19 Septrmber lahars descended the El Jute, Las Lahas, Ceniza, and Zarco drainages, carrying tree branches, trunks, and blocks as large as 1.5 m in diameter.

Report for Sangay
IG-EPN reported that high levels of eruptive activity continued at Sangay during 3-10 September and the seismic network recorded 112-275 daily explosions. Gas-and-ash plumes were visible in webcam and/or satellite images on most days and rose 400-600 m above the summit and drifted mainly W, WSW, and SW. Weather conditions sometimes obscured views; emissions were not visible on 5 September. Incandescent material was ejected 500 m above the summit and descended the SE drainage as far as 500 m during 3-4 September. Incandescence at the summit was visible during 5-7 September, and overnight during 7-8 and 9-10 September incandescent material descended the SE drainage as far as 1.5 km on several occasions. Secretaría de Gestión de Riesgos (SGR) maintained the Alert Level at Yellow (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Report for Reykjanes
IMO reported that the eruption between Stóra-Skógfell and Sundhnúkur, within the Reykanes volcanic system, had ended after 14 days. During 1-5 September activity was concentrated at two main vents located at the N end of the fissure but the intensity of the activity had significantly decreased. Seismic activity had also decreased along with gas emissions. Lava continued to slowly move N, thickening the flow field. Activity at the vents was no longer visible by the evening of 5 September. On 6 September IMO lowered the Aviation Color Code to Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale) noting that the eruption was over. Volcanic tremor had decreased almost to pre-eruptive levels. GPS data indicated that inflation at Svartsengi had resumed.