The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity continued at Lewotobi Laki-laki during 16 November-3 December. The average heights of eruption plumes decreased to 0.5-2 km above the summit during 16-25 November compared to averages of 1-3 km recorded the week before. There were fewer eruptive events, though some were accompanied by notable ash plumes and rumbling sounds. A lava flow on the WNW flank was 3.8 km long and one on the NE flank was around 2 km long; neither flow was advancing. The eruption level remained at a high level, though was decreasing. On 26 November the exclusion zone was modified, prohibiting entry within a radius of 7 km from the center of Laki-laki in all directions. During 27-29 November daily white-and-gray ash plumes rose 1-3 km above the summit and drifted SW, W, NW, and N. White-and-gray ash plumes rose 0.1-1.5 km above the summit and drifted in multiple directions during 30 November-3 December. According to a news report the Frans Xavier Seda Airport (252 km W) reopened after being closed since 17 July due to volcanic ash; ticket sales have resumed for flights starting on 16 December. In November the eruption had affected more than 10,000 residents and caused 10 deaths. The Alert Level remained at 4 (on a scale of 1-4).

Geological Summary. The Lewotobi edifice in eastern Flores Island is composed of the two adjacent Lewotobi Laki-laki and Lewotobi Perempuan stratovolcanoes (the "husband and wife"). Their summits are less than 2 km apart along a NW-SE line. The conical Laki-laki to the NW has been frequently active during the 19th and 20th centuries, while the taller and broader Perempuan has had observed eruptions in 1921 and 1935. Small lava domes have grown during the 20th century in both of the summit craters, which are open to the north. A prominent cone, Iliwokar, occurs on the E flank of Perampuan.

Sources: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM), Antara News, Antara News