The Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD) reported that unrest continued at Gaua during the month of July. Satellite images taken on 2-4, 7, and 9 July showed continuous steam and/or gas emissions from the vent. Sulfur dioxide emissions were detected in satellite images from 28 July. Additionally, a low-level thermal anomaly was recorded in satellite images from 7 and 11 July. The alert level remained at 2 (on a scale of 0-5), and the public was warned to stay away from the main cone.

Geological Summary. The roughly 20-km-diameter Gaua Island, also known as Santa Maria, consists of a basaltic-to-andesitic stratovolcano with an 6 x 9 km summit caldera. Small vents near the caldera rim fed Pleistocene lava flows that reached the coast on several sides of the island; littoral cones were formed where these lava flows reached the ocean. Quiet collapse that formed the roughly 700-m-deep caldera was followed by extensive ash eruptions. The active Mount Garet (or Garat) cone in the SW part of the caldera has three pit craters across the summit area. Construction of Garet and other small cinder cones has left a crescent-shaped lake. The onset of eruptive activity from a vent high on the SE flank in 1962 ended a long period of dormancy.

Source: Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD)