| Country | Indonesia |
| Volcanic Region | Sunda Volcanic Arc |
| Landform | Volc Type | Composite | Stratovolcano(es) |
| Last Known Eruption | 1939 CE |
| Coordinates | 6.75°S, 106.675°E |
| Elevation | 1,726 m (5,663 ft) |
| Volcano Number | 263040 |
 Google Earth Placemark with Features
| |
 Cite Volcano Profile
| |
The Global Volcanism Program has no Weekly Volcanic Activity Reports available for Perbakti-Gagak.
The Global Volcanism Program has no Bulletin Reports available for Perbakti-Gagak.
The Global Volcanism Program has no Weekly Reports available for Perbakti-Gagak.
The Global Volcanism Program has no Bulletin Reports available for Perbakti-Gagak.
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
There is data available for 7 confirmed eruptive periods.
1939 Apr 6 (on or before) Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) VEI: 1
| Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) | Kawah Parabakti | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1939 Apr 6 (on or before) - Unknown | Evidence from Observations: Reported | ||||||||||||||||||
|
List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Kawah Parabakti
|
|||||||||||||||||||
1938 Dec 16 ± 15 days Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) VEI: 1
| Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) | Kawah Parabakti | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1938 Dec 16 ± 15 days - Unknown | Evidence from Observations: Reported | ||||||||||||||||||
|
List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Kawah Parabakti
|
|||||||||||||||||||
1936 Oct 26 - 1936 Oct 28 Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) VEI: 1
| Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) | Cipanas Parabakti | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1936 Oct 26 - 1936 Oct 28 | Evidence from Observations: Reported | ||||||||||||||||||
|
List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Cipanas Parabakti
|
|||||||||||||||||||
1935 May 31 ± 30 days Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) VEI: 1
| Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) | Kawah Cibodas | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1935 May 31 ± 30 days - Unknown | Evidence from Observations: Reported | ||||||||||||||||||
|
List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Kawah Cibodas
|
|||||||||||||||||||
1929 Jul 2 ± 182 days Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) VEI: 1
| Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) | Cibeureum West | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1929 Jul 2 ± 182 days - Unknown | Evidence from Observations: Reported | ||||||||||||||||||
|
List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Cibeureum West
|
|||||||||||||||||||
1923 Jun 16 ± 15 days Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) VEI: 1
| Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) | Kawah Cibodas | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1923 Jun 16 ± 15 days - Unknown | Evidence from Observations: Reported | ||||||||||||||||||
|
List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Kawah Cibodas
|
|||||||||||||||||||
6450 BCE (?) Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive)
| Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) | Kiaraberes | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6450 BCE (?) - Unknown | Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |||||||||||||
|
List of 1 Events for Episode 1 at Kiaraberes
|
||||||||||||||
This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.
Cones |
||||
| Feature Name | Feature Type | Elevation | Latitude | Longitude |
| Endut, Gunung | Stratovolcano | 1487 m | 6° 46' 51.00" S | 106° 40' 42.00" E |
| Gagak, Gunung | Stratovolcano | 1525 m | 6° 43' 47.00" S | 106° 39' 1.00" E |
| Perbakti, Gunung | Stratovolcano | 1726 m | 6° 44' 36.00" S | 106° 41' 52.00" E |
Craters |
||||
| Feature Name | Feature Type | Elevation | Latitude | Longitude |
| Kiaraberes | Crater | |||
Thermal |
||||
| Feature Name | Feature Type | Elevation | Latitude | Longitude |
| Awibengkok | Thermal | |||
| Cibeureum
Tjibeureum |
Thermal | |||
| Cibeureum Palasari
Tjibeureum Palasari |
Thermal | |||
| Cibodas, Cipanas
Tjibodas, Tjipanas |
Thermal | |||
| Cibodas, Kawah
Tjibodas, Kawah |
Thermal | |||
| Cikaluwung, Cipanas
Tjikaluwung, Tjipanas |
Thermal | |||
| Cikaluwungherang, Kawah | Thermal | |||
| Cipamatutan
Tjipamatutan |
Thermal | |||
| Cisekati, Cipanas
Tjisekati, Tjipanas |
Thermal | |||
| Ciseupan, Cipanas
Tjiseupan, Tjipanas |
Thermal | |||
| Old Crater | Thermal | |||
| Parabakti, Cipanas
Parabakti, Tjipanas |
Thermal | |||
| Parabakti, Kawah | Thermal | |||
| Sumber Panas | Thermal | |||
| Taman, Kawah | Thermal | |||
| Tjikaluwungherang, Kawah [Cikaluwungherang | Thermal | |||
Kiaraberes-Gagak, seen here from the west, is part of the Perbakti-Gagak volcanic field. The eroded stratovolcano contains numerous fumarolic areas on its flanks. Pumice and obsidian deposits are at the top the volcano and obsidian lava flows extend to the N and NE. Mild phreatic eruptions took place in historical time from flank fumarole fields at the Perbakti-Gagak complex.
The deeply eroded Gunung Perbakti (center) rises above forests to its N, flanked by Gunung Endut (left) and Gunung Salak (right) volcanoes. Perbakti and Endut are part of the Perbatkti-Gagak volcanic complex. The summit ridge of Perbakti is elongated in a NW-SE direction, and Endut volcano rises to the SW of Perbakti. Phreatic explosions have occurred during historical time at the Perbakti-Gagak complex as well as geothermal activity.The following 1 samples associated with this volcano can be found in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences collections, and may be availble for research (contact the Rock and Ore Collections Manager). Catalog number links will open a window with more information.
| Catalog Number | Sample Description | Lava Source | Collection Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NMNH 117455-5 | Obsidian | Kiaraberes | -- |
| Copernicus Browser | The Copernicus Browser replaced the Sentinel Hub Playground browser in 2023, to provide access to Earth observation archives from the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, the main distribution platform for data from the EU Copernicus missions. |
| MIROVA | Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity (MIROVA) is a near real time volcanic hot-spot detection system based on the analysis of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. In particular, MIROVA uses the Middle InfraRed Radiation (MIR), measured over target volcanoes, in order to detect, locate and measure the heat radiation sourced from volcanic activity. |
| MODVOLC Thermal Alerts | Using infrared satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, scientists at the Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i, developed an automated system called MODVOLC to map thermal hot-spots in near real time. For each MODIS image, the algorithm automatically scans each 1 km pixel within it to check for high-temperature hot-spots. When one is found the date, time, location, and intensity are recorded. MODIS looks at every square km of the Earth every 48 hours, once during the day and once during the night, and the presence of two MODIS sensors in space allows at least four hot-spot observations every two days. Each day updated global maps are compiled to display the locations of all hot spots detected in the previous 24 hours. There is a drop-down list with volcano names which allow users to 'zoom-in' and examine the distribution of hot-spots at a variety of spatial scales. |
|
WOVOdat
Single Volcano View Temporal Evolution of Unrest Side by Side Volcanoes |
WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. It is sponsored by the World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO) and presently hosted at the Earth Observatory of Singapore.
GVMID Data on Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure The Global Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure Database GVMID, is aimed at documenting and improving capabilities of volcano monitoring from the ground and space. GVMID should provide a snapshot and baseline view of the techniques and instrumentation that are in place at various volcanoes, which can be use by volcano observatories as reference to setup new monitoring system or improving networks at a specific volcano. These data will allow identification of what monitoring gaps exist, which can be then targeted by remote sensing infrastructure and future instrument deployments. |
| Volcanic Hazard Maps | The IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Hazards and Risk has a Volcanic Hazard Maps database designed to serve as a resource for hazard mappers (or other interested parties) to explore how common issues in hazard map development have been addressed at different volcanoes, in different countries, for different hazards, and for different intended audiences. In addition to the comprehensive, searchable Volcanic Hazard Maps Database, this website contains information about diversity of volcanic hazard maps, illustrated using examples from the database. This site is for educational purposes related to volcanic hazard maps. Hazard maps found on this website should not be used for emergency purposes. For the most recent, official hazard map for a particular volcano, please seek out the proper institutional authorities on the matter. |
| EarthScope Consortium SAGE seismic stations/networks | EarthScope Consortium operates the NSF Geodetic Facility for the Advancement of Geoscience (GAGE) and NSF Seismological Facility for the Advancement of Geoscience (SAGE). The linked map shows the location of seismic stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 0.18° (about 20 km at mid-latitudes) from the given location of Perbakti-Gagak. Users can customize a variety of filters and options in the left panel. Note that if there are no stations are known the map will default to show the entire world with a "No data matched request" error notice. |
| Large Eruptions of Perbakti-Gagak | Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LaMEVE) database of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA). |
| EarthChem | EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA). IEDA is a collaborative effort of EarthChem and the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS). |
