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Sundoro

Photo of this volcano
  • Country
  • Primary Volcano Type
  • Last Known Eruption
  •  
  • 7.302°S
  • 109.996°E

  • 3147 m
    10325 ft

  • 263210
  • Latitude
  • Longitude

  • Summit
    Elevation

  • Volcano
    Number
Most Recent Weekly Report: 28 March-3 April 2012 Citation IconCite this Report

CVGHM reported that seismicity at Sundoro continued to increase into January after the Alert Level was raised from 1 to 2 (on a scale of 1-4) on 5 December 2011. After the first week of January through 27 March the number of daily earthquakes significantly decreased. The Alert Level was lowered to 1 on 30 March.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)


Most Recent Bulletin Report: August 2013 (BGVN 38:08) Citation IconCite this Report

Fumarolic and seismic activity in late 2011 results in brief rise in alert level

The last eruption reported for Sundoro volcano occurred 29 October 1971; however, that did not stimulate a resulting Bulletin report and this is our first on this volcano. According to Indonesian Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM), visual observations of Sundoro volcano during October - 4 December 2011 indicated 'smoke' from fumaroles around the summit crater. Average fumarole temperatures of 75°C on 26 October and 95°C on 2 November 2011 were measured. On November 2, the height of the 'smoke' had passed the rim of the volcano's crater. Seismic activity, especially volcanic earthquakes (deep volcanic tremors-VA, and shallow volcanic tremors-VB), began to increase in November 2011. On 5 December 2011, the Alert status (on a scale of I to IV) for Sundoro was raised from Normal (Level I) to Alert (Level II). Seismicity remained elevated through the first week of January 2012.

Throughout the rest of January, February, and through March 2012, a significant decrease of volcanic earthquakes (both VA and VB) was noted. Thus, the Alert status was lowered to Level I on 30 March 2012.

The area of Mt. Sundoro (also known as Sindoro; close to Mt. Sumbing) on Java (see figure 1 in BGVN 33:11), was the subject of a study of people's perceptions and reactions to volcanic hazards (Lavigne and others, 2008).

Reference: Lavigne, F., De Coster, B., Juvin, N., Flohic, F., Gaillard, J-C., Texier, P., Morin, J., and Sartohadi, J., 2008, People's behaviour in the face of volcanic hazards: Perspectives from Javanese communities, Indonesia, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v.172, issue 3-4, p. 273-287.

Information Contacts: Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM) (URL: http://www.vsi.esdm.go.id/).

Weekly Reports - Index


2012: March
2011: December


28 March-3 April 2012 Citation IconCite this Report

CVGHM reported that seismicity at Sundoro continued to increase into January after the Alert Level was raised from 1 to 2 (on a scale of 1-4) on 5 December 2011. After the first week of January through 27 March the number of daily earthquakes significantly decreased. The Alert Level was lowered to 1 on 30 March.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)


7 December-13 December 2011 Citation IconCite this Report

CVGHM reported increased seismic activity at Sundoro during October -4 December. On 26 November and 2 December smoke was reported from many fumaroles around the summit crater. Based on visual and seismic data, CVGHM raised the Alert Level from 1 to 2 (on a scale of 1-4) on 5 December.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)


Bulletin Reports - Index

Reports are organized chronologically and indexed below by Month/Year (Publication Volume:Number), and include a one-line summary. Click on the index link or scroll down to read the reports.

08/2013 (BGVN 38:08) Fumarolic and seismic activity in late 2011 results in brief rise in alert level




Information is preliminary and subject to change. All times are local (unless otherwise noted)


August 2013 (BGVN 38:08) Citation IconCite this Report

Fumarolic and seismic activity in late 2011 results in brief rise in alert level

The last eruption reported for Sundoro volcano occurred 29 October 1971; however, that did not stimulate a resulting Bulletin report and this is our first on this volcano. According to Indonesian Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM), visual observations of Sundoro volcano during October - 4 December 2011 indicated 'smoke' from fumaroles around the summit crater. Average fumarole temperatures of 75°C on 26 October and 95°C on 2 November 2011 were measured. On November 2, the height of the 'smoke' had passed the rim of the volcano's crater. Seismic activity, especially volcanic earthquakes (deep volcanic tremors-VA, and shallow volcanic tremors-VB), began to increase in November 2011. On 5 December 2011, the Alert status (on a scale of I to IV) for Sundoro was raised from Normal (Level I) to Alert (Level II). Seismicity remained elevated through the first week of January 2012.

Throughout the rest of January, February, and through March 2012, a significant decrease of volcanic earthquakes (both VA and VB) was noted. Thus, the Alert status was lowered to Level I on 30 March 2012.

The area of Mt. Sundoro (also known as Sindoro; close to Mt. Sumbing) on Java (see figure 1 in BGVN 33:11), was the subject of a study of people's perceptions and reactions to volcanic hazards (Lavigne and others, 2008).

Reference: Lavigne, F., De Coster, B., Juvin, N., Flohic, F., Gaillard, J-C., Texier, P., Morin, J., and Sartohadi, J., 2008, People's behaviour in the face of volcanic hazards: Perspectives from Javanese communities, Indonesia, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v.172, issue 3-4, p. 273-287.

Information Contacts: Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM) (URL: http://www.vsi.esdm.go.id/).

This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.

Eruptive History

There is data available for 11 confirmed Holocene eruptive periods.

1971 Oct 29 - 1971 Nov 9 Confirmed Eruption Max VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption Episode
1971 Oct 29 - 1971 Nov 9 Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 3 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Phreatic activity
   - - - -    - - - - Audible Sounds
1971 Oct 29    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1906 Sep 22 - 1906 Dec 20 Confirmed Eruption Max VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption Episode Summit crater K5
1906 Sep 22 - 1906 Dec 20 Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at Summit crater K5

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Ash
1906 Sep 22    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1903 Oct 17 - 1903 Oct 21 (?) Confirmed Eruption Max VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption Episode Upper NE and SW flanks (2850-2980 m)
1903 Oct 17 - 1903 Oct 21 (?) Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 4 Events for Episode 1 at Upper NE and SW flanks (2850-2980 m)

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Ash
   - - - -    - - - - Earthquakes (undefined) Before.
1903 Oct 17    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1902 May 1 - 1902 May 25 Confirmed Eruption Max VEI: 1

Episode 1 | Eruption Episode
1902 May 1 - 1902 May 25 Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 3 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Phreatic activity
   - - - -    - - - - Blocks
1902 May 1    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1887 Nov 13 - 1887 Nov 14 Confirmed Eruption Max VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption Episode
1887 Nov 13 - 1887 Nov 14 Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
1887 Nov 13    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1883 Aug (?) Confirmed Eruption Max VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption Episode
1883 Aug (?) - Unknown Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
1883 Aug
(?)
   - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1882 Apr 1 - 1882 Apr 7 Confirmed Eruption Max VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption Episode Summit, NW and NE flanks
1882 Apr 1 - 1882 Apr 7 Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 5 Events for Episode 1 at Summit, NW and NE flanks

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow
   - - - -    - - - - Ash
   - - - -    - - - - Evacuations
1882 Apr 1    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1818 Confirmed Eruption Max VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption Episode
1818 - Unknown Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 3 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Ash
1818    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1806 (?) Confirmed Eruption Max VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption Episode
1806 (?) - Unknown Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
1806
(?)
   - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

0470 (?) Confirmed Eruption  

Episode 1 | Eruption Episode
0470 (?) - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 4 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Pyroclastic flow
   - - - -    - - - - Ash
   - - - -    - - - - Blocks

0230 (?) Confirmed Eruption  

Episode 1 | Eruption Episode
0230 (?) - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 4 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Pyroclastic flow
   - - - -    - - - - Ash
   - - - -    - - - - Bombs
Deformation History

There is no Deformation History data available for Sundoro.

Emission History

There is no Emissions History data available for Sundoro.

Photo Gallery

The symmetrical stratovolcano Sundoro, seen here from the NW with its flank vent of Gunung Kembang on the right, is one of two prominent stratovolcanoes SE of the Dieng volcanic complex in central Java. Explosive eruptions have occurred in historical time from both summit and flank vents.

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1971.
Sundoro volcano, seen here from Wadas Putih village to its NW, is SE of the Dieng volcanic complex. Explosive eruptions have occurred from both summit and flank vents at during historical time, most recently in 1971.

Photo by Ruska Hadian, 1979 (Volcanological Survey of Indonesia).
A shallow lake is seen here on the floor of the K1 crater at the summit of Sundoro volcano in 1973. The 150-m-wide, 75-m-deep crater is seen here from the rim of the K2 crater immediately to the south.

Photo by Sumarma Hamidi, 1973 (Volcanological Survey of Indonesia).
Farmers cultivate land on the eastern flank of Gunung Sundoro in Java. The stratovolcano immediately NW of Sumbing volcano towers 2,500 m above its base. A small lava dome occupies the summit crater, which has fed lava flows in all directions. Historical eruptions typically have consisted of mild-to-moderate phreatic explosions, mostly from the summit crater, although flank vents were also active in 1882 and 1903.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).
Gunung Sundoro is located immediately NE of Sumbing volcano. The hill in the foreground is part of a large deposit resulting from a prehistoric debris avalanche that traveled around 20 km prior to formation of the present-day volcano. Explosive eruptions have occurred from both summit and flank vents in historical time.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).
The SE flank of Gunung Sundoro rises above fields to the west. Sundoro has erupted in historical time from both summit and flank vents and the cone at the lower left is Gunung Kembang.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).
An aerial view looking towards the NW across the summit crater complex of Sundoro volcano. The forested peak at the top center is Gunung Prahu, the largest cone of the Dieng volcanic complex.

Photo published in Taverne, 1926 "Vulkaanstudien op Java," (courtesy of Volcanological Survey of Indonesia).
An aerial view from the NW looks across the summit crater complex of Gunung Sundoro volcano towards Gunung Sumbing. These roughly 3,000-m-high volcanoes form prominent landmarks between the Dieng volcanic complex and the city of Yogyakarta. Both volcanoes have erupted in historical time.

Photo published in Taverne, 1926 "Vulkaanstudien op Java," (courtesy of Volcanological Survey of Indonesia).
The two small peaks to the left are part of the Telomoyo volcanic complex, which was constructed along a NNW-SSE-trending line of volcanoes extending from Ungaran in the N to Merapi in the S. Telomoyo filled much of the southern side of a depression formed by collapse of the Pleistocene Soropati volcano and grew to a height of 600 m above its rim. The two large peaks in the background are Sumbing (L) and Sundoro (R), with Slamet volcano on the far-right horizon.

Photo by Hideko and Minoru Kusakabe, 2000 (Okayama University).
GVP Map Holdings

The maps shown below have been scanned from the GVP map archives and include the volcano on this page. Clicking on the small images will load the full 300 dpi map. Very small-scale maps (such as world maps) are not included. The maps database originated over 30 years ago, but was only recently updated and connected to our main database. We welcome users to tell us if they see incorrect information or other problems with the maps; please use the Contact GVP link at the bottom of the page to send us email.

Smithsonian Sample Collections Database

There are no samples for Sundoro in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences Rock and Ore collection.

External Sites