Global Volcanism Program

The Global Volcanism Program has no activity reports available for Lereboleng.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Weekly Reports available for Lereboleng.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Bulletin Reports available for Lereboleng.

Basic Data

Volcano Number

Last Known Eruption

Elevation

Latitude
Longitude

264200

Pleistocene

1,111 m / 3,645 ft

8.365°S
122.833°E

Morphology

Volcano Landform
Composite

Volcano Types
Complex

Rock Types

Major
Andesite / Basaltic Andesite

Tectonic Setting

Subduction zone
Crustal thickness unknown

Population

Within 5 km
Within 10 km
Within 30 km
Within 100 km

9,164
26,794
358,627
896,194

Geological Summary

A large volcanic massif extending ~12 km near the E end of Flores Island includes at least five major peaks: Tenawahang, Lereboleng, Kihak, Lekung, and Padung (SW to NE). Without obvious distinct edifices, the entire group is included here as a single complex. Distinctly older edifices are located S and NE of this massif, which is shown as Quaternary on a geological map in Widodo et al. (2005). A "Leroboleng" entry by Neumann van Padang (1951, CAVW citing Kemmerling, 1929, and Stehn, 1940) noted 29 small craters aligned on six fissures, with lava flows originating from Gelimun crater. Neumann van Padang (1951) also listed three eruptions during 1873-1881 that formed small craters within the larger Burak crater, which based on the included Stehn (1940) map corresponds to the Subdit Geothermal area described by Widodo et al. (2005) to the SE below the Kihak peak; these were likely hydrothermal explosions. Pilot reports of eruption plumes during June-July 2003 were not seen in satellite imagery, reported by news media, or confirmed by observatory staff; an official hazard map (Taufiqurrohman, 2010) stated that the volcano had not been active for 117 years. Reports of the 2003 events were likely mis-assigned, and have been moved to Lewotobi (20 km SW), for which there was a confirmed eruption during May-September 2003. A possible volcanic plume in an Aqua/MODIS image on 7 September 2013 was attributed by NASA to Lereboleng, but the origin of the cloud is not clear. Satellite imagery as of May 2025 shows no recently active craters in the area, or any MODVOLC thermal alerts.

References

The following references have all been used during the compilation of data for this volcano, it is not a comprehensive bibliography.

Johnstone R D, 2005. Contrasting Geothermal Fields Along the Magmatic Banda Arc, Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2005, Antalya, Turkey, 24-29 April 2005.

Kemmerling G L L, 1929. Vulkanen van Flores. Vulk Seism Meded Dienst Mijnw Ned-Indie, 10: 1-138.

Kusumadinata K, 1979. Data Dasar Gunungapi Indonesia. Bandung: Volc Surv Indonesia, 820 p.

Neumann van Padang M, 1951. Indonesia. Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World and Solfatara Fields, Rome: IAVCEI, 1: 1-271.

Sudradjat A, 1977. (pers. comm.).

Taufiqurrohman R, Pujowarsito, Mulyana A R, 2010. Peta Kawasan Rawan Bencana Gunungapi Lereboleng, Provinsi Nusa Tengarra Timur (Volcanic Hazard map of Lereboleng Volcano, East Nusa Tengarra Province). Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation), Bandung, Indonesia.

Widodo S, Mustang A, Suhanto E, Kusuma D S, Kusnadi D, Nur Hadi M, 2005. POTENSI DAN PROSPEK PANAS BUMI DAERAH PANAS BUMI ILE ANGIN – ILE PADUNG KABUPATEN FLORES TIMUR – NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR (GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL AND PROSPECTS REGIONAL GEOTHERMAL ILE ANGIN - ILE PADUNG DISTRICT EAST FLORES - NUSA TENGGARA). Kolokium Hasil Lapangan - DIM, 2005, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Geological Agency, Center for Geological Resources. http://psdg.bgl.esdm.go.id/kolokium/Panas Bumi/41. Makalah PB, Ileangie-Ilepadung, NTT.pdf.

Eruptive History

There is data available for 0 confirmed Holocene eruptive periods.

[ 2003 Jun 26 - 2003 Jul 29 ] Discredited Eruption

Pilot reports of eruption plumes during June-July 2003 were not seen in satellite imagery, reported by news media, or confirmed by observatory staff; an official hazard map (Taufiqurrohman, 2010) stated that the volcano had not been active for 117 years. Reports of the 2003 events were likely mis-assigned, and have been moved to Lewotobi (20 km SW), for which there was a confirmed eruption happening during May-September 2003.

This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.

Synonyms

Cones

Feature Name

Feature Type

Elevation

Latitude

Longitude

Belo

Cone - Crater

1009 m

8° 22' 15.00" S

122° 50' 3.00" E

Kihak

Stratovolcano

955 m

8° 21' 17.00" S

122° 51' 8.00" E

Lekung

Stratovolcano

988 m

8° 20' 32.00" S

122° 52' 20.00" E

Leroboleng

Stratovolcano

1111 m

8° 21' 54.00" S

122° 49' 58.00" E

Padung

Stratovolcano

986 m

8° 19' 10.00" S

122° 52' 58.00" E

Tenawahang

Stratovolcano

1080 m

8° 22' 13.00" S

122° 48' 11.00" E

Thermal

Feature Name

Feature Type

Elevation

Latitude

Longitude

Burak
Iliburak

Thermal

725 m

8° 21' 18.00" S

122° 51' 30.00" E

Gelimun
Gelimoen

Thermal

967 m

Photo Gallery

The summit of Leroboleng contains 29 small craters, with two containing lakes, and one containing a small lava dome. It is located at the eastern end of a 4.5-km-long, WSW-ESE-trending chain of three volcanoes within a narrow peninsula in NE Flores Island.

Photo by Volcanological Survey of Indonesia.

Smithsonian Sample Collections Database

There are no samples for Lereboleng in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences Rock and Ore collection.

External Sites

Copernicus Browser

The Copernicus Browser replaced the Sentinel Hub Playground browser in 2023, to provide access to Earth observation archives from the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, the main distribution platform for data from the EU Copernicus missions.

WOVOdat
   Single Volcano View
   Temporal Evolution of Unrest
   Side by Side Volcanoes

WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. It is sponsored by the World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO) and presently hosted at the Earth Observatory of Singapore.

GVMID Data on Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure The Global Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure Database GVMID, is aimed at documenting and improving capabilities of volcano monitoring from the ground and space. GVMID should provide a snapshot and baseline view of the techniques and instrumentation that are in place at various volcanoes, which can be use by volcano observatories as reference to setup new monitoring system or improving networks at a specific volcano. These data will allow identification of what monitoring gaps exist, which can be then targeted by remote sensing infrastructure and future instrument deployments.

IRIS seismic stations/networks

Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Services map showing the location of seismic stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 0.18° (about 20 km at mid-latitudes) from the given location of Lereboleng. Users can customize a variety of filters and options in the left panel. Note that if there are no stations are known the map will default to show the entire world with a "No data matched request" error notice.

UNAVCO GPS/GNSS stations

Geodetic Data Services map from UNAVCO showing the location of GPS/GNSS stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 20 km from the given location of Lereboleng. Users can customize the data search based on station or network names, location, and time window. Requires Adobe Flash Player.

Large Eruptions of Lereboleng

Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LaMEVE) database of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA).

EarthChem

EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA). IEDA is a collaborative effort of EarthChem and the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS).