Global Volcanism Program

The Global Volcanism Program has no activity reports for Musuan.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Weekly Reports available for Musuan.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Bulletin Reports available for Musuan.

This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.

Synonyms

Calayo

Basic Data

Volcano Number

Last Known Eruption

Elevation

Latitude
Longitude

271070

Unknown - Evidence Uncertain

646 m / 2119 ft

7.877°N
125.068°E

Volcano Types

Lava dome
Tuff cone

Rock Types

Major
Andesite / Basaltic Andesite
Dacite

Tectonic Setting

Subduction zone
Continental crust (> 25 km)

Population

Within 5 km
Within 10 km
Within 30 km
Within 100 km

67,591
134,114
517,243
6,198,562

Geological Summary

Musuan, also known as Calayo, is an isolated, low grass-covered andesitic-to-dacitic lava dome and tuff cone that rises above flat farmland in the province of Bukidnon in central Mindanao. Maso (1902) related that in a 1891 document a Jesuit priest had reported that a volcano, along the River Palangui near a waterfall and where the river forms a very narrow canyon with steep high banks, had "burst into eruption some four years ago and constantly emits vapors which burn everything about... there is no flow of lava, but it emits a column of smoke so sulphurous as to prevent any approach." Although Maso (1902) attributed this activity to Musuan, the geographic description does not match, so both the nature and location of this event is uncertain. PHIVOLCS at one time listed eruptions in 1866 and 1867, but had removed those eruptions as of 2020. A strong earthquake swarm occurred nearby in 1976.

References

The following references have all been used during the compilation of data for this volcano, it is not a comprehensive bibliography.

COMVOL, 1981. Catalogue of Philippine volcanoes and solfataric areas. Philippine Comm Volc, 87 p.

IAVCEI, 1973-80. Post-Miocene Volcanoes of the World. IAVCEI Data Sheets, Rome: Internatl Assoc Volc Chemistry Earth's Interior.

Katsui Y (ed), 1971. List of the World Active Volcanoes. Volc Soc Japan draft ms, (limited circulation), 160 p.

Maso M S, 1902. Report on the Seismic and Volcanic Centers of the Philippine Archipelago. Manila: Bureau of Public Printing.

Neumann van Padang M, 1953. Philippine Islands and Cochin China. Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World and Solfatara Fields, Rome: IAVCEI, 2: 1-49.

PHIVOLCS, 2018-. Volcanoes of the Philippines. https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/volcano-hazard/volcanoes-of-the-philippines.

Eruptive History

There is data available for 0 confirmed Holocene eruptive periods.

[ 1886 Dec 31 ± 365 days ] Uncertain Eruption

Maso (1902) related that in a 1891 document a Jesuit priest (Father Barado) had reported that a volcano along the River Palangui near a waterfall and where the river forms a very narrow canyon with steep high banks had "burst into eruption some four years ago and constantly emits vapors which burn everything about... there is no flow of lava, but it emits a column of smoke so sulphurous as to prevent any approach." Although Maso (1902) attributed this activity to Musuan, the geographic description does not match, so both the nature and location of this event is uncertain.

Deformation History

There is no Deformation History data available for Musuan.

Emission History

There is no Emissions History data available for Musuan.

Photo Gallery

The small, circular light-green area just left of the river in this NASA Landsat image (with north to the top) is Musuan volcano. This andesitic-to-dacitic lava dome and tuff cone, also known as Calayo, rises more than 600 m above flat farmland in the province of Bukidnon in central Mindanao Island in the southern Philippines.

NASA Landsat 7 image (worldwind.arc.nasa.gov)

The grass-covered Musuan volcano, also known as Calayo, is an isolated lava dome and tuff cone that rises more than 600 m above flat farmland in the province of Bukidnon in central Mindanao.

Photo courtesy of PHIVOLCS.

GVP Map Holdings

The maps shown below have been scanned from the GVP map archives and include the volcano on this page. Clicking on the small images will load the full 300 dpi map. Very small-scale maps (such as world maps) are not included. The maps database originated over 30 years ago, but was only recently updated and connected to our main database. We welcome users to tell us if they see incorrect information or other problems with the maps; please use the Contact GVP link at the bottom of the page to send us email.

Title: Philippines
Publisher: Apa Maps - Nelles Verlag, W Germany
Country: Philippines
Year: 1984
Map Type: Geographic
Scale: 1:1,500

Title: Davao
Publisher: US Army Map Service
Country: Philippine Islands
Year: 1944
Series: AMS
Map Type: Topographic
Scale: 1:1,000,000

Title: Philippines South: Special Strategic Map
Publisher: US Army Map Service
Country: Philippines
Year: 1943
Series: AMS
Map Type: Topographic
Scale: 1:2,000,000

Map of Philippines South: Special Strategic Map

Smithsonian Sample Collections Database

There are no samples for Musuan in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences Rock and Ore collection.

External Sites

WOVOdat
   Single Volcano View
   Temporal Evolution of Unrest
   Side by Side Volcanoes

WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. It is sponsored by the World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO) and presently hosted at the Earth Observatory of Singapore.

GVMID Data on Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure The Global Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure Database GVMID, is aimed at documenting and improving capabilities of volcano monitoring from the ground and space. GVMID should provide a snapshot and baseline view of the techniques and instrumentation that are in place at various volcanoes, which can be use by volcano observatories as reference to setup new monitoring system or improving networks at a specific volcano. These data will allow identification of what monitoring gaps exist, which can be then targeted by remote sensing infrastructure and future instrument deployments.

Volcanic Hazard Maps

The IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Hazards and Risk has a Volcanic Hazard Maps database designed to serve as a resource for hazard mappers (or other interested parties) to explore how common issues in hazard map development have been addressed at different volcanoes, in different countries, for different hazards, and for different intended audiences. In addition to the comprehensive, searchable Volcanic Hazard Maps Database, this website contains information about diversity of volcanic hazard maps, illustrated using examples from the database. This site is for educational purposes related to volcanic hazard maps. Hazard maps found on this website should not be used for emergency purposes. For the most recent, official hazard map for a particular volcano, please seek out the proper institutional authorities on the matter.

MIROVA

Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity (MIROVA) is a near real time volcanic hot-spot detection system based on the analysis of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. In particular, MIROVA uses the Middle InfraRed Radiation (MIR), measured over target volcanoes, in order to detect, locate and measure the heat radiation sourced from volcanic activity.

MODVOLC Thermal Alerts

Using infrared satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, scientists at the Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i, developed an automated system called MODVOLC to map thermal hot-spots in near real time. For each MODIS image, the algorithm automatically scans each 1 km pixel within it to check for high-temperature hot-spots. When one is found the date, time, location, and intensity are recorded. MODIS looks at every square km of the Earth every 48 hours, once during the day and once during the night, and the presence of two MODIS sensors in space allows at least four hot-spot observations every two days. Each day updated global maps are compiled to display the locations of all hot spots detected in the previous 24 hours. There is a drop-down list with volcano names which allow users to 'zoom-in' and examine the distribution of hot-spots at a variety of spatial scales.

Sentinel Hub Playground

Sentinel Hub EO Browser

The Sentinel Hub Playground provides a quick look at any Sentinel-2 image in any combination of the bands and enhanced with image effects; Landsat 8, DEM and MODIS are also available. Sentinel Hub is an engine for processing of petabytes of satellite data. It is opening the doors for machine learning and helping hundreds of application developers worldwide. It makes Sentinel, Landsat, and other Earth observation imagery easily accessible for browsing, visualization and analysis. Sentinel Hub is operated by Sinergise

IRIS seismic stations/networks

Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Services map showing the location of seismic stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 0.18° (about 20 km at mid-latitudes) from the given location of Musuan. Users can customize a variety of filters and options in the left panel. Note that if there are no stations are known the map will default to show the entire world with a "No data matched request" error notice.

UNAVCO GPS/GNSS stations

Geodetic Data Services map from UNAVCO showing the location of GPS/GNSS stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 20 km from the given location of Musuan. Users can customize the data search based on station or network names, location, and time window. Requires Adobe Flash Player.

DECADE Data

The DECADE portal, still in the developmental stage, serves as an example of the proposed interoperability between The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, the Mapping Gas Emissions (MaGa) Database, and the EarthChem Geochemical Portal. The Deep Earth Carbon Degassing (DECADE) initiative seeks to use new and established technologies to determine accurate global fluxes of volcanic CO₂ to the atmosphere, but installing CO₂ monitoring networks on 20 of the world's 150 most actively degassing volcanoes. The group uses related laboratory-based studies (direct gas sampling and analysis, melt inclusions) to provide new data for direct degassing of deep earth carbon to the atmosphere.

Large Eruptions of Musuan

Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LaMEVE) database of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA).

EarthChem

EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA). IEDA is a collaborative effort of EarthChem and the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS).