Global Volcanism Program | Hainan Volcanic Field

The Global Volcanism Program has no activity reports available for Hainan Volcanic Field.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Weekly Reports available for Hainan Volcanic Field.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Bulletin Reports available for Hainan Volcanic Field.

Basic Data

Volcano Number

Last Known Eruption

Elevation

Latitude
Longitude

275001

1933 CE

196 m / 643 ft

19.905°N
110.229°E

Morphology

Volcano Landform
Cluster

Volcano Types
Volcanic field
Pyroclastic cone(s)
Maar(s)

Rock Types

Major
Basalt / Picro-Basalt

Tectonic Setting

Intraplate
Continental crust (> 25 km)

Population

Within 5 km
Within 10 km
Within 30 km
Within 100 km

1,731,229
1,731,229
1,731,229
6,213,231

Geological Summary

The Hainan volcanic field consists of Quaternary lava flows that extend over about 4,100 km² of northern Hainan Island (also known as Qiong). This field, along with the Leizhou Bandao volcanic field across the Qiongzhou strait to the north on the Leizhou (Liuchow) Peninsula, forms the larger Leiqiong volcanic field (also called the Qionglei volcano group). As many as 58 cones and craters are still evident, primarily near the city of Hainan on the north-central coast of the island. Eruptions were reported in the Lingao and Chengmai areas in the 19th and 20th centuries. Leihuling and Maanshan, two of the best preserved volcanic cones, are oriented along an E-W fracture and are part of a cluster of about 30 cones in the Shishan and Yongzing regions. The Haikou Volcanic Cluster, part of the Leiqiong World Geopark, around the town of Shishan 15 km SE of Hainan city, includes 40 volcanic features.

References

The following references have all been used during the compilation of data for this volcano, it is not a comprehensive bibliography.

Chen S (ed), 1986. Atlas of Geo-Science, Analysis of Landsat Imagery in China. Beijing: Chinese Acad Sci Press, 228 p.

IAVCEI, 1973-80. Post-Miocene Volcanoes of the World. IAVCEI Data Sheets, Rome: Internatl Assoc Volc Chemistry Earth's Interior.

Latter J H, 1986. (pers. comm.).

Liu J, Taniguchi H, 2001. Active volcanoes in China. Tohoku Asian Studies, 6: 173-189.

Whitford-Stark J L, 1987. A survey of Cenozoic volcanism on mainland Asia. Geol Soc Amer Spec Pap, 213: 1-74.

Whitford-Stark J L, 1987. (pers. comm.).

Zou H, Fan Q, 2010. U–Th isotopes in Hainan basalts: Implications for sub-asthenospheric origin of EM2 mantle endmember and the dynamics of melting beneath Hainan Island. Lithos, v. 116, p. 145-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2010.01.010

Eruptive History

There is data available for 2 confirmed Holocene eruptive periods.

1933 Jun 26 ± 4 days - 1933 Jul 8 (in or after) Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive)

Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive)

Nansheling ridge

1933 Jun 26 ± 4 days - 1933 Jul 8 (in or after)

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at Nansheling ridge

Start Date	End Date	Event Type
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Lava fountains
- - - -	- - - -	Blocks

1883 Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive)

Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive)

Lingao

1883 - Unknown

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Lingao

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
	- - - -	- - - -	Ash

This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.

Synonyms

Khaynanj | Hainan Dao

Cones

Feature Name

Feature Type

Elevation

Latitude

Longitude

Baoziling

Pyroclastic cone

169 m

19° 55' 55.00" N

110° 12' 48.00" E

Guoqunling
Gaoshanling

Pyroclastic cone

155 m

19° 55' 20.00" N

110° 13' 45.00" E

Huangzo

Pyroclastic cone

Leihuling
Leihufeng

Pyroclastic cone

148 m

19° 52' 23.00" N

110° 15' 19.00" E

Longlang

Pyroclastic cone

Maanling
    Fenguling
    Ma'anling
    Ma'anshan

Pyroclastic cone

196 m

19° 55' 38.00" N

110° 12' 51.00" E

Yangnanxiling
Yiongxing

Pyroclastic cone

140 m

19° 55' 31.00" N

110° 13' 45.00" E

Craters

Feature Name

Feature Type

Elevation

Latitude

Longitude

Changdaoling

Crater

161 m

19° 54' 53.00" N

110° 13' 9.00" E

Haochangling

Crater

124 m

19° 53' 52.00" N

110° 13' 56.00" E

Luojingpan

Maar

93 m

19° 50' 34.00" N

110° 15' 46.00" E

Meibenling

Crater

105 m

19° 54' 8.00" N

110° 12' 34.00" E

Meisheling

Crater

158 m

19° 55' 2.00" N

110° 12' 50.00" E

Nadundaling

Crater

112 m

19° 53' 58.00" N

110° 13' 3.00" E

Quaxianling

Crater

112 m

19° 51' 19.00" N

110° 15' 21.00" E

Shuangchiling

Maar

92 m

19° 56' 45.00" N

110° 11' 16.00" E

Yangnandongling

Crater

129 m

19° 54' 35.00" N

110° 14' 21.00" E

Photo Gallery

The Hainan Volcanic Field in China contains around 58 identified cones, craters, and maars, some of which are visible in this November 2020 Planet Labs satellite image monthly mosaic (N is at the top; this image is approximately 14 km across). The Leihuling cone with a roughly 300-m-diameter crater is to the SW of the S21 Zhongxian expressway that runs through the center of the image.

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2020 (https://www.planet.com/).

Smithsonian Sample Collections Database

There are no samples for Hainan Volcanic Field in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences Rock and Ore collection.

External Sites

Copernicus Browser

The Copernicus Browser replaced the Sentinel Hub Playground browser in 2023, to provide access to Earth observation archives from the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, the main distribution platform for data from the EU Copernicus missions.

MIROVA

Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity (MIROVA) is a near real time volcanic hot-spot detection system based on the analysis of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. In particular, MIROVA uses the Middle InfraRed Radiation (MIR), measured over target volcanoes, in order to detect, locate and measure the heat radiation sourced from volcanic activity.

MODVOLC Thermal Alerts

Using infrared satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, scientists at the Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i, developed an automated system called MODVOLC to map thermal hot-spots in near real time. For each MODIS image, the algorithm automatically scans each 1 km pixel within it to check for high-temperature hot-spots. When one is found the date, time, location, and intensity are recorded. MODIS looks at every square km of the Earth every 48 hours, once during the day and once during the night, and the presence of two MODIS sensors in space allows at least four hot-spot observations every two days. Each day updated global maps are compiled to display the locations of all hot spots detected in the previous 24 hours. There is a drop-down list with volcano names which allow users to 'zoom-in' and examine the distribution of hot-spots at a variety of spatial scales.

WOVOdat
   Single Volcano View
   Temporal Evolution of Unrest
   Side by Side Volcanoes

WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. It is sponsored by the World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO) and presently hosted at the Earth Observatory of Singapore.

GVMID Data on Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure The Global Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure Database GVMID, is aimed at documenting and improving capabilities of volcano monitoring from the ground and space. GVMID should provide a snapshot and baseline view of the techniques and instrumentation that are in place at various volcanoes, which can be use by volcano observatories as reference to setup new monitoring system or improving networks at a specific volcano. These data will allow identification of what monitoring gaps exist, which can be then targeted by remote sensing infrastructure and future instrument deployments.

Volcanic Hazard Maps

The IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Hazards and Risk has a Volcanic Hazard Maps database designed to serve as a resource for hazard mappers (or other interested parties) to explore how common issues in hazard map development have been addressed at different volcanoes, in different countries, for different hazards, and for different intended audiences. In addition to the comprehensive, searchable Volcanic Hazard Maps Database, this website contains information about diversity of volcanic hazard maps, illustrated using examples from the database. This site is for educational purposes related to volcanic hazard maps. Hazard maps found on this website should not be used for emergency purposes. For the most recent, official hazard map for a particular volcano, please seek out the proper institutional authorities on the matter.

IRIS seismic stations/networks

Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Services map showing the location of seismic stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 0.18° (about 20 km at mid-latitudes) from the given location of Hainan Volcanic Field. Users can customize a variety of filters and options in the left panel. Note that if there are no stations are known the map will default to show the entire world with a "No data matched request" error notice.

UNAVCO GPS/GNSS stations

Geodetic Data Services map from UNAVCO showing the location of GPS/GNSS stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 20 km from the given location of Hainan Volcanic Field. Users can customize the data search based on station or network names, location, and time window. Requires Adobe Flash Player.

DECADE Data

The DECADE portal, still in the developmental stage, serves as an example of the proposed interoperability between The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, the Mapping Gas Emissions (MaGa) Database, and the EarthChem Geochemical Portal. The Deep Earth Carbon Degassing (DECADE) initiative seeks to use new and established technologies to determine accurate global fluxes of volcanic CO₂ to the atmosphere, but installing CO₂ monitoring networks on 20 of the world's 150 most actively degassing volcanoes. The group uses related laboratory-based studies (direct gas sampling and analysis, melt inclusions) to provide new data for direct degassing of deep earth carbon to the atmosphere.

Large Eruptions of Hainan Volcanic Field

Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LaMEVE) database of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA).

EarthChem

EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA). IEDA is a collaborative effort of EarthChem and the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS).