Global Volcanism Program

Ichinsky

Google Earth Placemark with Features

Cite Volcano Profile

Russia
Central Kamchatka Volcanic Arc
Composite | Stratovolcano
1740 CE

Country
Volcanic Province
Landform | Volc Type
Last Known Eruption

55.678°N
157.718°E
3,596 m
11,798 ft
300280

Latitude
Longitude
Summit
Elevation
Volcano
Number

The Global Volcanism Program has no activity reports available for Ichinsky.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Weekly Reports available for Ichinsky.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Bulletin Reports available for Ichinsky.

This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.

Synonyms

Basic Data

Volcano Number

Last Known Eruption

Elevation

Latitude
Longitude

300280

1740 CE

3,596 m / 11,798 ft

55.678°N
157.718°E

Morphology

Volcano Landform
Composite

Volcano Types
Stratovolcano
Caldera
Lava dome(s)
Pyroclastic cone(s)

Rock Types

Major
Basalt / Picro-Basalt
Andesite / Basaltic Andesite

Minor
Dacite
Rhyolite

Tectonic Setting

Subduction zone
Continental crust (> 25 km)

Population

Within 5 km
Within 10 km
Within 30 km
Within 100 km

0
0
34
2,670

Geological Summary

Ichinsky, by far the highest peak in the Sredinny Range, is a massive, 450 km³ edifice. The andesitic Pleistocene-to-Holocene stratovolcano, also known as Icha, contains a 3 x 5 km-wide glacier-covered summit caldera filled by a large post-caldera edifice. Two glacier-capped lava domes form the highest peaks. A dozen late-Pleistocene to Holocene dacitic and rhyodacitic lava domes circle the peak below the caldera rim. Fresh-looking basaltic-to-dacitic lava flows, some with prominent flow ridges, were erupted from flank vents and traveled up to 10-15 km. The largest Holocene eruption took place about 6500 years ago, producing block-and-ash flows that traveled up to 15 km. Fumarolic activity occurs within the caldera and on the lower N flank. In 1956 steam jets rose 250 m above the caldera fumarole field.

This volcano is located within the Volcanoes of Kamchatka, a UNESCO World Heritage property.

References

The following references have all been used during the compilation of data for this volcano, it is not a comprehensive bibliography.

Erlich E N, 1986. Geology of the calderas of Kamchatka and Kurile Islands with comparison to calderas of Japan and the Aleutians, Alaska. U S Geological Survey Open-File Report, 86-291: 1-300. https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86291

Fedotov S A, Masurenkov Y P (eds), 1991. Active Volcanoes of Kamchatka. Moscow: Nauka Pub, 2 volumes.

IAVCEI, 1973-80. Post-Miocene Volcanoes of the World. IAVCEI Data Sheets, Rome: Internatl Assoc Volc Chemistry Earth's Interior.

Kozhemyaka N N, 1995. Active volcanoes of Kamchatka: types and growth time of cones, total volumes of erupted material, productivity, and composition of rocks. Volc Seism, 16: 581-594 (English translation).

Pevzner M M, 2004. The first geolgical data on the chronology of Holocene eruptive activity in the Ichinskii volcano (Sredinnyi Ridge, Kamchatka). Trans (Doklady) USSR Acad Sci Earth Sci, 395: 507-510.

Vlodavetz V I, Piip B I, 1959. Kamchatka and Continental Areas of Asia. Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World and Solfatara Fields, Rome: IAVCEI, 8: 1-110.

Eruptive History

There is data available for 14 confirmed Holocene eruptive periods.

1740 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 0 (?)

Episode 1 | Eruption

SSW flank

1740 - Unknown

Evidence from Observations: Reported

A thick dacitic lava flow on the SSW flank of the somma took place in 1740 CE (Pevzner et al., 2004).

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at SSW flank

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow
	1740	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)	VEI 0?

1300 ± 200 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

1300 ± 200 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

List of 3 Events for Episode 1

Start Date	End Date	Event Type
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Pyroclastic flow
- - - -	- - - -	Ash

0800 ± 300 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

0800 ± 300 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
	- - - -	- - - -	Ash

0550 (?) Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

0550 (?) - Unknown

Evidence from Correlation: Tephrochronology

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
	- - - -	- - - -	Ash

0050 ± 300 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

0050 ± 300 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

List of 3 Events for Episode 1

Start Date	End Date	Event Type
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Pyroclastic flow
- - - -	- - - -	Ash

0600 BCE (?) Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

0600 BCE (?) - Unknown

Evidence from Correlation: Tephrochronology

List of 3 Events for Episode 1

Start Date	End Date	Event Type
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Pyroclastic flow
- - - -	- - - -	Ash

1200 BCE (?) Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

1200 BCE (?) - Unknown

Evidence from Correlation: Tephrochronology

List of 3 Events for Episode 1

Start Date	End Date	Event Type
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Ash
- - - -	- - - -	Lapilli

1950 BCE ± 300 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

1950 BCE ± 300 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

List of 3 Events for Episode 1

Start Date	End Date	Event Type
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Pyroclastic flow
- - - -	- - - -	Ash

2850 BCE ± 300 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

2850 BCE ± 300 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

List of 3 Events for Episode 1

Start Date	End Date	Event Type
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Pyroclastic flow
- - - -	- - - -	Pumice

5400 BCE (?) Confirmed Eruption VEI: 5

Episode 1 | Eruption

SW flank

5400 BCE (?) - Unknown

Evidence from Correlation: Tephrochronology

A major eruption about 6,500 BP (about 5400 BCE calibrated age) followed eruptions at South Cherpuk and North Cherpuk volcanoes south of Ichinsky (Pevzner, 2004). Block-and-ash flows with a volume of at least 2 km³ extended as far as 15 km from a vent on the SW flank, and pyroclastic flows also occurred. The eruption concluded with the extrusion of ~1.5 km³ of lava dome and flows.

List of 7 Events for Episode 1 at SW flank

Start Date	End Date	Event Type
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Pyroclastic flow
- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow
- - - -	- - - -	Lava dome
- - - -	- - - -	Ash
- - - -	- - - -	Blocks
5400 BCE (?)	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

5650 BCE (?) Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

5650 BCE (?) - Unknown

Evidence from Correlation: Tephrochronology

An ash eruption was dated stratigraphically at about 6,700 BP (corrected age about 5650 BCE; Pevzner, 2004).

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
	- - - -	- - - -	Ash

5850 BCE (?) Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

5850 BCE (?) - Unknown

Evidence from Correlation: Tephrochronology

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
	- - - -	- - - -	Ash

6150 BCE ± 50 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

6150 BCE ± 50 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

List of 3 Events for Episode 1

Start Date	End Date	Event Type
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Pyroclastic flow
- - - -	- - - -	Ash

6950 BCE (?) Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

6950 BCE (?) - Unknown

Evidence from Correlation: Tephrochronology

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
	- - - -	- - - -	Ash

Deformation History

There is no Deformation History data available for Ichinsky.

Emission History

There is no Emissions History data available for Ichinsky.

Photo Gallery

Ichinsky is the highest peak in Kamchatka's Sredinny Range, which extends along the western side of the peninsula. The summit cone of the massive stratovolcano, seen here from the south, was constructed within a 3 x 5 km-wide glacier-covered caldera. A dozen late-Pleistocene to Holocene dacitic and rhyodacitic lava domes circle the peak below the caldera rim, at elevations of 1,800-3,000 m. Fumarolic activity occurs within the caldera and on the lower N flank.

Photo by Oleg Volynets, 1977 (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

The setting sun gilds the SW flank of Ichinsky, the most prominent volcano of the Sredinny Range. Two glacier-covered lava domes form the summit. The massive stratovolcano is one of the largest volume volcanoes in Kamchatka. No historical eruptions are known from Ichinsky, but Holocene eruptions have produced dactic-to-rhyodacitic lava domes and voluminous basaltic-to-andesitic lava flows from flank vents.

Photo by Oleg Volynets, 1977 (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

GVP Map Holdings

Maps are not currently available due to technical issues.

The maps shown below have been scanned from the GVP map archives and include the volcano on this page. Clicking on the small images will load the full 300 dpi map. Very small-scale maps (such as world maps) are not included.

Smithsonian Sample Collections Database

The following 1 samples associated with this volcano can be found in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences collections, and may be availble for research (contact the Rock and Ore Collections Manager). Catalog number links will open a window with more information.

Catalog Number	Sample Description	Lava Source	Collection Date
NMNH 116556-11	Obsidian	--	--

External Sites

Copernicus Browser

The Copernicus Browser replaced the Sentinel Hub Playground browser in 2023, to provide access to Earth observation archives from the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, the main distribution platform for data from the EU Copernicus missions.

MIROVA

Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity (MIROVA) is a near real time volcanic hot-spot detection system based on the analysis of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. In particular, MIROVA uses the Middle InfraRed Radiation (MIR), measured over target volcanoes, in order to detect, locate and measure the heat radiation sourced from volcanic activity.

MODVOLC Thermal Alerts

Using infrared satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, scientists at the Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i, developed an automated system called MODVOLC to map thermal hot-spots in near real time. For each MODIS image, the algorithm automatically scans each 1 km pixel within it to check for high-temperature hot-spots. When one is found the date, time, location, and intensity are recorded. MODIS looks at every square km of the Earth every 48 hours, once during the day and once during the night, and the presence of two MODIS sensors in space allows at least four hot-spot observations every two days. Each day updated global maps are compiled to display the locations of all hot spots detected in the previous 24 hours. There is a drop-down list with volcano names which allow users to 'zoom-in' and examine the distribution of hot-spots at a variety of spatial scales.

WOVOdat
   Single Volcano View
   Temporal Evolution of Unrest
   Side by Side Volcanoes

WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. It is sponsored by the World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO) and presently hosted at the Earth Observatory of Singapore.

GVMID Data on Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure The Global Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure Database GVMID, is aimed at documenting and improving capabilities of volcano monitoring from the ground and space. GVMID should provide a snapshot and baseline view of the techniques and instrumentation that are in place at various volcanoes, which can be use by volcano observatories as reference to setup new monitoring system or improving networks at a specific volcano. These data will allow identification of what monitoring gaps exist, which can be then targeted by remote sensing infrastructure and future instrument deployments.

Volcanic Hazard Maps

The IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Hazards and Risk has a Volcanic Hazard Maps database designed to serve as a resource for hazard mappers (or other interested parties) to explore how common issues in hazard map development have been addressed at different volcanoes, in different countries, for different hazards, and for different intended audiences. In addition to the comprehensive, searchable Volcanic Hazard Maps Database, this website contains information about diversity of volcanic hazard maps, illustrated using examples from the database. This site is for educational purposes related to volcanic hazard maps. Hazard maps found on this website should not be used for emergency purposes. For the most recent, official hazard map for a particular volcano, please seek out the proper institutional authorities on the matter.

IRIS seismic stations/networks

Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Services map showing the location of seismic stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 0.18° (about 20 km at mid-latitudes) from the given location of Ichinsky. Users can customize a variety of filters and options in the left panel. Note that if there are no stations are known the map will default to show the entire world with a "No data matched request" error notice.

UNAVCO GPS/GNSS stations

Geodetic Data Services map from UNAVCO showing the location of GPS/GNSS stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 20 km from the given location of Ichinsky. Users can customize the data search based on station or network names, location, and time window. Requires Adobe Flash Player.

DECADE Data

The DECADE portal, still in the developmental stage, serves as an example of the proposed interoperability between The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, the Mapping Gas Emissions (MaGa) Database, and the EarthChem Geochemical Portal. The Deep Earth Carbon Degassing (DECADE) initiative seeks to use new and established technologies to determine accurate global fluxes of volcanic CO₂ to the atmosphere, but installing CO₂ monitoring networks on 20 of the world's 150 most actively degassing volcanoes. The group uses related laboratory-based studies (direct gas sampling and analysis, melt inclusions) to provide new data for direct degassing of deep earth carbon to the atmosphere.

Large Eruptions of Ichinsky

Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LaMEVE) database of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA).

EarthChem

EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA). IEDA is a collaborative effort of EarthChem and the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS).