Russia Volcanoes
Russia has 117 Holocene volcanoes. Note that as a scientific organization we provide these listings for informational purposes only, with no international legal or policy implications. Volcanoes will be included on this list if they are within the boundaries of a country, on a shared boundary or area, in a remote territory, or within a maritime Exclusive Economic Zone. Bolded volcanoes have erupted within the past 20 years. Suggestions and data updates are always welcome ().
Volcano Name | Location | Last Eruption | Primary Volcano Type |
---|---|---|---|
Akademia Nauk | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | 1996 CE | Stratovolcano(es) |
Alaid | Kuril Islands (Russia) | 2022 CE | Stratovolcano |
Alney-Chashakondzha | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | 1600 CE | Stratovolcano |
Asacha | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Complex |
Avachinsky | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | 2001 CE | Stratovolcano |
Azas Plateau | Southeastern Russia | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Volcanic field |
Bakening | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | 550 BCE | Stratovolcano |
Barkhatnaya Sopka | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | 3550 BCE | Volcanic field |
Berutarubesan [Berutarube] | Iturup (Etorofu) Island (Japan/Russia) | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Stratovolcano |
Bezymianny | Central Kamchatka (Russia) | 2023 CE | Stratovolcano |
Bliznetsy | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | 1060 BCE | Lava cone |
Bolshoi Semiachik | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | 4450 BCE | Stratovolcano(es) |
Bolshoi-Kekuknaysky | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | 5310 BCE | Shield(s) |
Chachadake [Tiatia] | Kunashir Island (Japan/Russia) | 1981 CE | Stratovolcano |
Cherpuk Group | Western Kamchatka (Russia) | 4550 BCE | Pyroclastic cone(s) |
Chikurachki | Paramushir Island (Russia) | 2023 CE | Stratovolcano(es) |
Chirinkotan | Kuril Islands (Russia) | 2022 CE | Stratovolcano |
Chirippusan [Chirip] | Iturup (Etorofu) Island (Japan/Russia) | 1860 CE | Stratovolcano(es) |
Chirpoi | Kuril Islands (Russia) | 2016 CE | Caldera |
Diky Greben | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | 350 CE | Lava dome(s) |
Dzenzursky | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Compound |
Ebeko | Paramushir Island (Russia) | 2023 CE | Stratovolcano |
Ekarma | Kuril Islands (Russia) | 2010 CE | Stratovolcano |
Elbrus | Southwestern Russia | 50 CE | Stratovolcano |
Elovsky | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | 7550 BCE | Shield(s) |
Etorofu-Atosanupuri [Atosanupuri] | Iturup (Etorofu) Island (Japan/Russia) | 1932 CE | Stratovolcano |
Etorofu-Yakeyama [Grozny Group] | Iturup (Etorofu) Island (Japan/Russia) | 2013 CE | Complex(es) |
Fuss Peak | Paramushir Island (Russia) | 1854 CE | Stratovolcano |
Gamchen | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | 550 BCE | Complex |
Gorely | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | 2010 CE | Caldera |
Gorny Institute | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | 1250 CE | Stratovolcano |
Hitokappu Volcano Group [Bogatyr Ridge] | Iturup (Etorofu) Island (Japan/Russia) | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Stratovolcano |
Ichinsky | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | 1740 CE | Stratovolcano |
Iliinsky | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | 1901 CE | Stratovolcano |
Ivao Group | Urup Island (Russia) | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Pyroclastic cone(s) |
Jom-Bolok | Southeastern Russia | 5180 BCE | Volcanic field |
Kambalny | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | 2017 CE | Stratovolcano |
Kamen | Central Kamchatka (Russia) | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Stratovolcano |
Karpinsky Group | Paramushir Island (Russia) | 1952 CE | Cone(s) |
Karymsky | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | 2022 CE | Stratovolcano |
Ketoi | Kuril Islands (Russia) | 1960 CE | Stratovolcano |
Khangar | Western Kamchatka (Russia) | 1500 CE | Stratovolcano |
Kharimkotan | Kuril Islands (Russia) | 1933 CE | Stratovolcano |
Khodutka | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | 300 BCE | Stratovolcano(es) |
Kikhpinych | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | 1550 CE | Stratovolcano(es) |
Kinenin | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | 850 CE | Maar |
Kizimen | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | 2013 CE | Stratovolcano |
Klyuchevskoy | Central Kamchatka (Russia) | 2022 CE | Stratovolcano |
Kolokol Group | Urup Island (Russia) | 1973 CE | Stratovolcano |
Komarov | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | 950 CE | Stratovolcano |
Koryaksky | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | 2009 CE | Stratovolcano |
Koshelev | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | 1690 CE | Stratovolcano |
Kostakan | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | 1350 CE | Pyroclastic cone(s) |
Krasheninnikov | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | 1550 CE | Caldera |
Kronotsky | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | 1923 CE | Stratovolcano |
Ksudach | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | 1907 CE | Stratovolcano |
Kurile Lake | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | 6440 BCE | Caldera |
Maly Semyachik | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | 1952 CE | Caldera |
Milna | Simushir Island (Russia) | 1914 CE | Stratovolcano |
Moekeshiwan [Lvinaya Past] | Iturup (Etorofu) Island (Japan/Russia) | 7480 BCE | Stratovolcano |
Moyorodake [Medvezhia] | Iturup (Etorofu) Island (Japan/Russia) | 1999 CE | Stratovolcano |
Mutnovsky | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | 2000 CE | Complex |
Nemo Peak | Onekotan Island (Russia) | 1938 CE | Caldera |
Nylgimelkin | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | 3550 BCE | Shield(s) |
Odamoisan [Tebenkov] | Iturup (Etorofu) Island (Japan/Russia) | Unknown - Evidence Uncertain | Stratovolcano |
Olkoviy Volcanic Group | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Volcanic field |
Opala | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | 1776 CE | Caldera |
Ostry | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | 2050 BCE | Stratovolcano |
Piip | East of Kamchatka (Russia) | 5050 BCE | Submarine |
Plosky | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | Unknown - Evidence Uncertain | Shield |
Prevo Peak | Simushir Island (Russia) | 1825 CE | Stratovolcano |
Raikoke | Kuril Islands (Russia) | 2019 CE | Stratovolcano |
Rakkibetsudake [Demon] | Iturup (Etorofu) Island (Japan/Russia) | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Stratovolcano |
Rasshua | Kuril Islands (Russia) | 1957 CE | Stratovolcano |
Raususan [Mendeleev] | Kunashir Island (Japan/Russia) | 1880 CE | Stratovolcano |
Rudakov | Urup Island (Russia) | Unknown - Evidence Uncertain | Stratovolcano |
Ruruidake [Smirnov] | Kunashir Island (Japan/Russia) | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Stratovolcano |
Sarychev Peak | Matua Island (Russia) | 2021 CE | Stratovolcano |
Sashiusudake [Baransky] | Iturup (Etorofu) Island (Japan/Russia) | 1951 CE | Stratovolcano |
Sedanka Lava Field | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | 7050 BCE | Volcanic field |
Severny | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | 1550 BCE | Shield |
Sheveluch | Central Kamchatka (Russia) | 2023 CE | Stratovolcano |
Shirinki | Paramushir Island (Russia) | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Stratovolcano |
Shisheika | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | 2240 BCE | Lava dome |
Sinarka | Shiashkotan Island (Russia) | 1878 CE | Stratovolcano |
Spokoiny | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | 3450 BCE | Stratovolcano |
Srednii | Northwest of Ushishur Island | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Submarine |
Tao-Rusyr Caldera | Onekotan Island (Russia) | 1952 CE | Stratovolcano |
Taunshits | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | 550 BCE | Stratovolcano |
Terpuk | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | 800 BCE | Shield |
Titila | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | 550 BCE | Shield(s) |
Tolbachik | Central Kamchatka (Russia) | 2013 CE | Shield |
Tolmachev Dol | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | 300 CE | Pyroclastic cone(s) |
Tomariyama [Golovnin] | Kunashir Island (Japan/Russia) | 1848 CE | Caldera |
Tri Sestry | Urup Island (Russia) | Unknown - Evidence Uncertain | Stratovolcano |
Tunkin Depression | Southeastern Russia | Unknown - Evidence Uncertain | Volcanic field |
Udina | Central Kamchatka (Russia) | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Stratovolcano(es) |
Udokan Plateau | Southeastern Russia | 220 BCE | Volcanic field |
Unnamed | Northwest of Iturup (Etorofu) Island | Unknown - Evidence Uncertain | Submarine |
Unnamed | Kuril Islands | 1972 CE | Submarine |
Uratman | Simushir Island (Russia) | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Stratovolcano |
Ushishur | Kuril Islands (Russia) | 1884 CE | Caldera |
Ushkovsky | Central Kamchatka (Russia) | 1890 CE | Compound |
Uzon | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | 200 CE | Caldera(s) |
Veer | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | 390 CE | Pyroclastic cone(s) |
Vernadskii Ridge | Paramushir Island (Russia) | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Pyroclastic cone(s) |
Vilyuchinsky | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | 8050 BCE | Stratovolcano |
Visokiy | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Stratovolcano |
Vitim Volcanic Field | Southeastern Russia | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Volcanic field |
Voyampolsky | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | Unknown - Evidence Uncertain | Shield(s) |
Vysoky | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | 550 BCE | Stratovolcano |
Yavinsky | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | 4050 BCE | Stratovolcano |
Zavaritsky | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | 800 BCE | Pyroclastic cone(s) |
Zavaritzki Caldera | Simushir Island (Russia) | 1957 CE | Caldera |
Zheltovsky | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | 1923 CE | Stratovolcano |
Zhupanovsky | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | 2016 CE | Compound |
Zimina | Central Kamchatka (Russia) | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Stratovolcano(es) |
Chronological listing of known Holocene eruptions (confirmed or uncertain) from volcanoes in Russia. Bolded eruptions indicate continuing activity.
Volcano Name | Start Date | Stop Date | Certainty | VEI | Evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chikurachki | 2023 Jan 28 | 2023 Feb 8 | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Klyuchevskoy | 2022 Nov 17 | 2022 Nov 25 (?) | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Chirinkotan | 2022 Oct 7 | 2022 Oct 7 | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Alaid | 2022 Sep 10 | 2022 Nov 26 | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Ebeko | 2022 Jun 11 | 2023 Apr 14 (continuing) | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Chikurachki | 2022 Jan 17 | 2022 Oct 17 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Satellite (visual) |
Chirinkotan | 2021 Aug 8 | 2021 Aug 26 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Chikurachki | 2021 Mar 21 | 2021 Aug 25 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Satellite (visual) |
Karymsky | 2020 Apr 1 | 2022 Aug 7 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Sarychev Peak | 2020 Feb 29 ± 1 days | 2021 Nov 26 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Raikoke | 2019 Jun 22 | 2019 Jul 1 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Sarychev Peak | 2019 May 16 | 2019 Oct 7 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 2019 Apr 9 | 2021 Mar 20 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Karymsky | 2019 Feb 16 | 2019 Sep 24 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ketoi | [2018 Sep 21] | [2018 Sep 21] | Uncertain | ||
Sarychev Peak | 2018 Sep 8 | 2018 Oct 15 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Alaid | 2018 Aug 20 | 2018 Aug 21 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Karymsky | 2018 Apr 28 | 2018 Sep 30 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Sarychev Peak | 2017 Oct 12 | 2017 Nov 13 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Karymsky | 2017 Jun 4 | 2018 Jan 27 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Kambalny | 2017 Mar 24 | 2017 Apr 10 | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Bezymianny | 2016 Dec 5 | 2023 Apr 14 (continuing) | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Chirinkotan | 2016 Nov 29 | 2017 Apr 7 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Zhupanovsky | 2016 Nov 20 | 2016 Nov 20 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ebeko | 2016 Oct 20 | 2021 Nov 9 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Karymsky | 2016 Oct 5 | 2016 Oct 8 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Chikurachki | 2016 Jul 27 | 2016 Aug 29 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Chikurachki | 2016 Mar 29 | 2016 Mar 31 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Alaid | 2015 Sep 29 | 2016 Aug 11 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 2015 Aug 28 | 2018 Jun 15 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Chikurachki | 2015 Feb 16 | 2015 Feb 18 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 2015 Jan 1 | 2015 May 10 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Sinarka | [2014 Dec 3] | [2014 Dec 3] | Uncertain | ||
Chirinkotan | 2014 Nov 21 | 2015 Aug 10 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | [2014 Jun 12] | [2014 Aug 29] | Uncertain | ||
Zhupanovsky | 2014 Jun 6 | 2016 Mar 24 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Zhupanovsky | 2013 Oct 23 | 2013 Oct 26 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 2013 Aug 15 | 2013 Dec 20 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Ketoi | [2013 Jul 25] | [2013 Aug 12] | Uncertain | ||
Chirinkotan | 2013 Jun 11 | 2014 Jun 1 ± 4 days | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Etorofu-Yakeyama [Grozny Group] | 2013 Feb 16 | 2013 Apr 4 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Tolbachik | 2012 Nov 27 | 2013 Sep 5 ± 10 days | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Chirpoi | 2012 Nov 11 | 2016 Oct 18 (?) | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Alaid | 2012 Oct 5 | 2012 Dec 12 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 2012 Sep 1 (?) | 2013 Jan 28 ± 3 days | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Etorofu-Yakeyama [Grozny Group] | 2012 Aug 16 | 2012 Aug 25 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 2012 Feb 12 | 2013 Jun 20 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | [2011 Nov 2] | [2011 Nov 2] | Uncertain | ||
Bezymianny | [2011 Sep 6] | [2011 Oct 26] | Uncertain | ||
Klyuchevskoy | 2011 Mar 30 | 2011 Jul 3 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Kizimen | 2010 Nov 11 | 2013 Sep 13 (?) | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Sarychev Peak | [2010 Sep 20] | [2010 Sep 20] | Uncertain | ||
Ebeko | 2010 Jul 2 | 2010 Jul 9 ± 7 days | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Ekarma | 2010 Jun 30 | 2010 Aug 10 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Gorely | 2010 Jun 6 | 2010 Jun 22 (?) | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 2010 May 21 | 2011 Apr 29 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Satellite (infrared) |
Bezymianny | 2009 Dec 17 | 2010 Feb 16 (?) | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Kolokol Group | [2009 Aug 26] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Klyuchevskoy | 2009 Aug 1 (?) | 2010 Dec 20 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Sarychev Peak | 2009 Jun 11 | 2009 Jul 16 (?) ± 15 days | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Ebeko | 2009 Feb 11 | 2009 Jul 13 (?) | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Koryaksky | 2008 Dec 23 (?) | 2009 Aug 27 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 2008 Oct 8 | 2009 Apr 16 (?) | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Chikurachki | 2008 Jul 29 | 2008 Aug 8 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 2008 Jul 11 | 2008 Aug 23 (?) | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Chikurachki | 2007 Aug 19 | 2007 Nov 1 ± 7 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 2007 May 10 (?) | 2007 Dec 24 (?) | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Chikurachki | 2007 Mar 4 | 2007 Apr 18 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 2007 Feb 15 | 2007 Jul 15 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 2006 Apr 16 (in or before) ± 15 days | 2006 Dec 29 (?) | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 2005 Nov 29 (?) | 2005 Dec 1 (in or after) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Kolokol Group | [2005 Jul 2 ± 182 days] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Chikurachki | 2005 Mar 12 | 2005 Apr 7 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Ebeko | 2005 Jan 29 | 2005 Feb 16 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 2005 Jan 20 (in or before) | 2005 Apr 7 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 2004 Sep 15 | 2004 Sep 15 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Chirinkotan | 2004 Jul 20 | 2004 Jul 20 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 2004 Jan 14 | 2005 Feb 16 (?) ± 15 days | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 2003 Jul 26 | 2003 Aug 1 (?) | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Chikurachki | 2003 Apr 17 | 2003 Jul 3 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 2002 Dec 25 | 2002 Dec 28 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 2002 Nov 24 | 2004 Apr 8 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 2002 Apr 9 | 2002 Jun 9 (in or before) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Chikurachki | 2002 Jan 25 | 2002 Apr 22 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 2001 Dec 10 | 2002 Jan 6 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Karymsky | 2001 Nov 15 | 2016 Apr 1 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Avachinsky | 2001 Oct 5 | 2001 Oct 5 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 2001 Jul 23 (?) | 2001 Aug 10 (?) | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 2000 Jul 28 | 2000 Sep 22 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 2000 Jul 18 | 2000 Nov 4 (in or after) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Mutnovsky | 2000 Jun 30 | 2000 Jun 30 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Hydrophonic |
Mutnovsky | 2000 Mar 17 | 2000 Mar 17 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 2000 Mar 14 | 2000 Mar 26 ± 1 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 2000 Feb 3 | 2000 Feb 8 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Moyorodake [Medvezhia] | 1999 Oct 7 | 1999 Oct 13 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Sheveluch | 1999 Aug 15 | 2023 Apr 14 (continuing) | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Sheveluch | 1999 Apr 3 | 1999 Apr 12 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 1999 Feb 25 | 1999 Feb 25 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1999 Feb 5 | 1999 Jul 12 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1998 Jul 23 | 1998 Sep 2 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 1998 Jun 20 (?) | 1998 Jun 22 (?) | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Sheveluch | 1998 May 30 | 1998 Sep 3 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 1997 Dec 5 | 1997 Dec 6 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1997 Sep 7 | 1997 Sep 26 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Alaid | [1997 Aug 23] | [1997 Aug 23] | Uncertain | ||
Bezymianny | 1997 May 8 | 1997 May 16 (?) | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Sheveluch | 1997 Mar 8 | 1997 Apr 4 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Alaid | 1996 Dec 3 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1996 Nov 14 | 1997 Mar 20 ± 12 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 1996 Jul 23 (?) | 1996 Sep 1 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Akademia Nauk | 1996 Jan 2 | 1996 Jan 3 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Karymsky | 1996 Jan 2 | 2000 Dec 20 (?) | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 1995 Sep 16 (in or before) ± 15 days | 1995 Oct 8 (?) | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1994 Sep 8 | 1995 Jan 14 (in or after) | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 1994 Jul 7 | 1994 Oct 5 ± 4 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 1993 Oct 21 | 1994 Feb 4 ± 4 days | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1992 Sep 12 | 1993 Sep 12 ± 1 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 1992 Mar 12 | 1992 Jun 12 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1992 Jan 25 | 1992 May 25 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1991 Apr 8 | 1991 Jun 24 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ebeko | 1991 Jan 16 ± 15 days | 1991 Jan 16 ± 15 days | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Avachinsky | 1991 Jan 13 | 1991 Jan 30 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 1990 Jan 29 | 1991 Nov 29 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Sheveluch | 1990 Jan 10 | 1995 Feb 16 ± 15 days | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 1989 Aug 1 | 1989 Aug 4 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etorofu-Yakeyama [Grozny Group] | 1989 May 3 | 1989 Aug 5 ± 4 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Sheveluch | 1989 Apr 7 | 1989 Jun 26 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ebeko | 1989 Feb 2 | 1990 Apr 15 ± 5 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Sarychev Peak | 1989 Jan 13 | 1989 Jan 14 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Sheveluch | 1988 Dec 7 | 1988 Dec 7 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ebeko | 1987 Oct 14 | 1988 Jan 16 ± 15 days | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 1986 Dec 5 ± 4 days | 1988 Jul 26 ± 5 days | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1986 Nov 27 | 1990 Sep 16 ± 15 days | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Chikurachki | 1986 Nov 18 | 1986 Dec 7 | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Chirinkotan | 1986 Oct 11 | 1986 Oct 12 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Sarychev Peak | 1986 Sep 1 (?) ± 15 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1986 Jun 8 | 1986 Jul 11 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Alaid | 1986 May 25 | 1986 May 28 ± 3 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Sheveluch | 1986 Mar 28 | 1988 Feb 28 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 1986 Mar 26 ± 5 days | 1986 Jun 29 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1985 Aug 16 | 1986 Jan 21 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 1985 Jun 12 | 1985 Dec 14 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Sheveluch | 1985 May 26 | 1985 Oct 25 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Gorely | 1984 Aug 4 | 1986 Sep 21 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Sheveluch | 1984 Mar 17 | 1984 Sep 6 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1984 Mar 10 | 1985 Jan 28 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 1984 Feb 5 | 1984 Dec 16 ± 15 days | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Chirpoi | 1982 Nov 22 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1982 Oct 7 | 1983 Jun 27 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Alaid | 1982 Mar 29 | 1982 Mar 29 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1982 Mar 24 | 1982 May 2 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Chachadake [Tiatia] | [1982 Feb 10] | [1982 Feb 14] | Uncertain | ||
Klyuchevskoy | [1981 Dec 21] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Alaid | 1981 Nov 25 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 1981 Jun 12 | 1983 May 22 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Chachadake [Tiatia] | 1981 Jun 10 | 1981 Jun 25 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Alaid | 1981 Apr 27 | 1981 Jun 5 | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1981 Jan 25 | 1981 Aug 4 (?) | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Sheveluch | 1980 Aug 23 | 1981 Dec 1 ± 30 days | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 1980 Aug 21 | 1980 Aug 27 ± 4 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Gorely | 1980 Jun 15 ± 5 days | 1981 Jul 3 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Ekarma | 1980 May 24 | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 1980 Apr 18 | 1980 Apr 19 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 1979 Sep 18 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Chirinkotan | 1979 Apr 16 ± 15 days | 1980 Oct 10 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 1979 Feb 11 | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 1978 Sep 8 ± 30 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Chachadake [Tiatia] | 1978 Jul 20 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1977 Aug 2 | 1980 Mar 12 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 1977 Mar 25 | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Sarychev Peak | 1976 Sep 23 | 1976 Oct 2 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 1976 Mar 25 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Tolbachik | 1975 Jun 28 | 1976 Dec 10 | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1974 Apr 8 | 1974 Dec 16 (?) ± 15 days | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Tolbachik | [1973 Oct 16 ± 15 days] | [1974 Dec 16 ± 15 days] | Uncertain | ||
Chikurachki | 1973 Aug 10 | 1973 Sep 28 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Kolokol Group | 1973 Jul 25 | 1973 Jul 26 (?) | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Chachadake [Tiatia] | 1973 Jul 14 | 1973 Jul 28 | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Alaid | [1973 Jul 2 ± 182 days] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Etorofu-Yakeyama [Grozny Group] | 1973 May 16 | 1973 May 17 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etorofu-Yakeyama [Grozny Group] | 1973 Jan 16 ± 15 days | 1973 Jan 16 ± 15 days | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Alaid | 1972 Jun 18 | 1972 Sep 11 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Unnamed | 1972 Apr 29 | 1972 Apr 30 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Hydrophonic |
Zheltovsky | [1972 Mar 16 ± 15 days] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Klyuchevskoy | 1971 Nov 16 ± 15 days | 1973 Dec 16 ± 15 days | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Ebeko | [1971 Jul 2 ± 182 days] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Klyuchevskoy | 1971 Jun 16 ± 15 days | 1971 Jul 16 ± 15 days | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 1971 Mar 16 ± 15 days | 1974 Dec 16 (in or after) ± 15 days | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Tolbachik | 1970 Sep 16 ± 15 days | 1970 Dec 1 ± 30 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etorofu-Yakeyama [Grozny Group] | 1970 Jul 2 ± 182 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1970 May 26 | 1970 Dec 27 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Karymsky | 1970 May 11 | 1982 Oct 11 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Kolokol Group | 1970 Feb 16 ± 15 days | 1970 Mar 16 ± 15 days | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Tolbachik | 1970 Jan 16 ± 15 days | 1970 Apr 16 ± 15 days | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1969 Sep 16 ± 15 days | 1969 Dec 16 ± 15 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ebeko | 1969 Feb 16 ± 15 days | 1969 Feb 16 (?) ± 15 days | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1968 Jul 3 | 1968 Jul 3 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Tolbachik | 1968 Jul 2 ± 182 days | 1969 Jul 2 ± 182 days | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Etorofu-Yakeyama [Grozny Group] | 1968 Feb 16 ± 15 days | 1968 Feb 16 ± 15 days | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Karymsky | 1967 Nov 16 ± 15 days | 1967 Nov 16 ± 15 days | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Tolbachik | 1967 Oct 16 ± 15 days | 1967 Nov 16 ± 15 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Chikurachki | 1967 Sep 6 | 1967 Sep 20 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1967 Jul 2 ± 182 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Unnamed | [1967 Apr 26] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Tolbachik | 1967 Mar 16 ± 15 days | 1967 May 16 ± 15 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ebeko | 1967 Jan 16 ± 15 days | 1967 Apr 16 (?) ± 15 days | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Tolbachik | 1966 Apr 15 ± 45 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Sarychev Peak | 1965 Dec 9 | 1965 Dec 9 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ebeko | 1965 Aug 16 (?) ± 15 days | 1965 Aug 16 (?) ± 15 days | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1965 Aug 16 ± 15 days | 1966 Dec 26 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Tolbachik | 1965 Jul 2 ± 182 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Karymsky | 1965 May 15 ± 5 days | 1967 Feb 16 ± 15 days | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 1965 Mar 9 | 1970 Mar 16 ± 15 days | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 1964 Dec 25 | 1964 Dec 26 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Sheveluch | 1964 Nov 12 | 1964 Nov 12 | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 1964 Jun 25 | 1964 Sep 20 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Tolbachik | 1964 Mar 16 ± 15 days | 1964 Apr 24 (in or after) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Chikurachki | 1964 Feb 1 | 1964 Feb 16 ± 15 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1963 Nov 13 | 1964 Dec 16 (?) ± 15 days | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 1963 May 16 ± 15 days | 1963 Sep 16 (?) ± 15 days | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Ebeko | 1963 Mar 8 | 1964 Jul 2 ± 182 days | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 1962 Oct 21 | 1962 Nov 6 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Tolbachik | 1962 Aug 16 ± 15 days | 1963 Jul 2 ± 182 days | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 1961 Oct 18 | 1961 Dec 15 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 1961 May 21 | 1961 Jun 6 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Chikurachki | 1961 May 2 | 1961 Aug 10 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 1961 Mar 25 | 1961 Mar 26 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Tolbachik | 1961 Mar 24 | 1962 Feb 16 (in or after) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Gorely | 1961 Jan 16 ± 15 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Mutnovsky | 1960 Dec 16 ± 15 days | 1961 Jan 16 ± 15 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1960 Dec 16 ± 15 days | 1963 Mar 22 (in or after) | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Chirpoi | 1960 Oct 20 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ketoi | 1960 Sep 27 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Sarychev Peak | 1960 Aug 30 | 1960 Aug 30 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Karymsky | 1960 Apr 16 ± 15 days | 1964 Dec 16 ± 15 days | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 1960 Apr 13 | 1960 Apr 14 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 1959 Oct 15 | 1959 Nov 4 (?) | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Zhupanovsky | 1959 Jul 2 ± 182 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Tolbachik | 1959 Jul 2 ± 182 days | 1960 Jul 2 ± 182 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1959 Jan 3 | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 1958 Dec 28 | 1959 Mar 30 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Tolbachik | 1958 Jul 13 (in or before) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Moyorodake [Medvezhia] | 1958 Jul 2 ± 182 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Chikurachki | 1958 May 26 | 1958 May 27 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 1958 May 21 | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1958 May 18 | 1958 Aug 18 (in or after) | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 1958 Jan 16 ± 15 days | 1958 Feb 14 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Zavaritzki Caldera | 1957 Nov 12 | 1957 Dec 1 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Rasshua | 1957 Oct 16 ± 15 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 1957 Jul 31 | 1957 Jul 31 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1957 Jul 2 ± 182 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Chikurachki | 1957 May 16 ± 15 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Zhupanovsky | 1956 Dec 27 | 1957 Jun 16 ± 15 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Koryaksky | 1956 Dec 16 ± 15 days | 1957 Jun 16 ± 15 days | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Tolbachik | 1956 Sep 28 | 1957 Nov 28 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Karymsky | 1956 Mar 16 ± 15 days | 1957 Feb 16 ± 15 days | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1956 Jan 16 ± 15 days | 1956 Aug 2 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Bezymianny | 1955 Oct 22 | 1957 Mar 1 | Confirmed | 5 | Observations: Reported |
Tolbachik | 1955 Oct 6 | 1955 Dec 8 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Chirinkotan | 1955 Jul 2 (?) ± 182 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Karymsky | 1955 Jul 2 ± 182 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Tolbachik | 1955 Jan 7 | 1955 Feb 9 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Sarychev Peak | 1954 Aug 16 ± 15 days | 1954 Oct 16 ± 15 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1954 May 28 | 1954 Sep 16 ± 15 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Tolbachik | 1954 Feb 21 | 1954 Jun 13 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Karymsky | 1953 Jul 2 ± 182 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1953 Jun 7 | 1953 Jun 25 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Maly Semyachik | 1952 Dec 5 ± 4 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Karymsky | 1952 Nov 16 ± 15 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Tao-Rusyr Caldera | 1952 Nov 12 | 1952 Nov 19 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Karpinsky Group | 1952 Nov 5 | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Kolokol Group | 1952 Jan 15 ± 45 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1951 Nov 19 | 1951 Nov 30 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Sashiusudake [Baransky] | 1951 Jul 15 ± 45 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1949 May | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1948 Aug | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Gorely | 1947 Dec | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Karymsky | 1947 Apr | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Tolbachik | 1947 Jan | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Sarychev Peak | 1946 Nov 9 | 1946 Nov 19 | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1946 Oct 23 | 1946 Nov 22 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Karymsky | 1946 Sep | 1946 Oct | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Kolokol Group | 1946 Apr 15 ± 45 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Karymsky | 1946 Apr | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Moyorodake [Medvezhia] | [1946] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Karymsky | 1945 Sep | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Maly Semyachik | 1945 Sep (?) | 1946 Apr 15 ± 45 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Mutnovsky | 1945 Jun 23 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1945 Jun 19 | 1945 Jul 7 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Avachinsky | 1945 Feb 25 | 1945 Feb 25 | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1944 Dec 9 | 1945 Jan 20 (in or after) | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Sheveluch | 1944 Nov 5 | 1950 Apr 6 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Milna | [1944] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Karymsky | 1943 Feb 1 ± 30 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Tolbachik | 1940 Nov | 1941 Jul 15 ± 45 days | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Tolbachik | 1940 Feb | 1940 Apr | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Zhupanovsky | 1940 Jan | 1940 Feb | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Karymsky | 1940 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Kolokol Group | 1940 ± 6 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Tolbachik | 1939 Sep 25 | 1939 Sep 27 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Mutnovsky | 1939 May | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Mutnovsky | 1938 Nov | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Karymsky | 1938 Oct | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Nemo Peak | 1938 Aug 12 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Avachinsky | 1938 Mar 6 | 1938 Dec 1 (in or after) | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1937 Apr 3 | 1939 Mar | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Tolbachik | 1936 Aug 13 (in or before) | 1937 Mar 2 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1935 Apr 21 | 1936 Nov 4 (in or after) | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Karymsky | 1934 Nov | 1935 Feb | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ebeko | 1934 Oct 4 | 1935 Oct 15 ± 45 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Alaid | 1933 Nov 13 | 1934 Aug | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Karymsky | 1933 Sep | 1933 Oct | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Chikurachki | [1933 Apr 15 ± 45 days] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Kharimkotan | 1933 Jan 8 | 1933 Apr 14 (in or after) | Confirmed | 5 | Observations: Reported |
Fuss Peak | [1933] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Karymsky | 1932 Jun | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1932 Jan 25 | 1932 Dec 26 ± 5 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Nemo Peak | [1932 (?)] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Gorely | [1932] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Etorofu-Atosanupuri [Atosanupuri] | 1932 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Sarychev Peak | [1932 (?)] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Kharimkotan | 1931 Sep | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1931 Aug | 1931 Sep | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Gorely | 1931 May | 1931 Jul 15 ± 45 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1931 Mar 25 | 1931 Mar 27 | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Tolbachik | 1931 Mar 4 | 1932 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Gorely | 1930 Sep | 1931 Jan 17 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Sarychev Peak | 1930 Feb 13 | 1930 Feb 13 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Sheveluch | 1930 Feb 1 ± 30 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Gorely | 1929 Sep 1 | 1930 Apr | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1929 Jun | 1929 Sep | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Mutnovsky | 1929 Feb | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Karymsky | 1929 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Zhupanovsky | 1929 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Sarychev Peak | 1928 Feb 14 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Sheveluch | 1928 Jan 27 | 1929 Apr 15 ± 45 days | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Mutnovsky | 1928 Jan 25 | 1928 Feb | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Kizimen | 1927 Dec | 1928 Jan | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Mutnovsky | 1927 Jan | 1927 Feb | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Sarychev Peak | 1927 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Koryaksky | 1926 Dec 22 | 1926 Dec 22 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Avachinsky | 1926 Mar 27 | 1927 Mar 14 (?) | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1926 Mar 23 | 1926 Apr 7 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Karymsky | 1925 Jul | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1925 Apr 4 | 1925 Oct 10 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Zhupanovsky | 1925 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Kolokol Group | 1924 Mar 13 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Sarychev Peak | 1924 Feb 15 | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Raikoke | 1924 Feb 14 (?) | 1924 Feb 15 | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Ketoi | 1924 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1923 Aug | 1923 Sep | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Zheltovsky | 1923 Feb 11 | 1923 Apr | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Karymsky | 1923 Feb | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Kronotsky | 1923 Feb | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Sarychev Peak | 1923 Jan 17 | 1923 Jan 22 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Zavaritzki Caldera | 1923 ± 8 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Kronotsky | 1922 Nov | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1922 May | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Karymsky | 1921 Sep | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Mutnovsky | 1917 Jul 5 ± 4 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Mutnovsky | 1916 Dec | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Mutnovsky | 1916 Jul 15 ± 5 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1915 Jan | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Karymsky | 1915 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Milna | 1914 Jun 4 | 1914 Jun 4 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1913 Jan | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Karymsky | 1912 Jan | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1911 Nov | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Karymsky | 1911 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1910 Aug | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Avachinsky | [1910] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Avachinsky | 1909 Aug | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1909 Jun | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Karymsky | 1908 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1907 Aug | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ksudach | 1907 Mar 28 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Observations: Reported |
Nemo Peak | 1906 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Sheveluch | 1905 | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Mutnovsky | 1904 Apr 2 | 1904 Jun 26 (in or after) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1904 Jan 31 ± 30 days | 1904 Jun 14 (in or after) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Tolbachik | 1904 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Avachinsky | 1901 Jul 7 | 1901 Jul 13 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Iliinsky | 1901 | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Chirinkotan | 1900 ± 10 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Raususan [Mendeleev] | [1900] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Mutnovsky | 1898 Apr | 1898 Jul 15 ± 45 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1898 Feb 20 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Sheveluch | 1897 | 1898 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1896 Dec | 1897 Nov | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Avachinsky | 1894 Oct | 1895 Feb | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Kolokol Group | 1894 Jul 25 | 1894 Jul 26 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Alaid | 1894 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1890 Apr | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ushkovsky | 1890 Apr | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Koryaksky | 1890 ± 3 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Ushishur | 1884 Jul | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Chirinkotan | 1884 ± 6 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1883 Jul | 1883 Aug | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Moyorodake [Medvezhia] | 1883 May | 1883 Jun | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Milna | 1883 Apr 15 ± 45 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Kharimkotan | 1883 | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1882 Sep | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Zhupanovsky | 1882 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Milna | 1881 Sep | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Avachinsky | 1881 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Srednii | [1880 Jul 12 (?)] | [1880 Jul 12 (?)] | Uncertain | ||
Raususan [Mendeleev] | 1880 | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Chirpoi | 1879 May | 1879 Jun | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Sarychev Peak | 1879 Jan 15 ± 45 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1879 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Sheveluch | 1879 | 1883 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1878 Sep | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Avachinsky | 1878 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1877 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Sinarka | 1872 | 1878 | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Gorely | 1869 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1865 Sep | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Alaid | 1860 Jul 7 | 1860 Jul 9 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Chirippusan [Chirip] | 1860 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Ebeko | 1859 Sep 27 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Chirpoi | 1857 Jul | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Avachinsky | 1855 May 28 | 1855 Sep 4 ± 4 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Gorely | [1855 Apr] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Sinarka | 1855 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Karymsky | 1854 Sep | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Avachinsky | 1854 Aug 13 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Fuss Peak | 1854 Jul 5 | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Alaid | 1854 Jun 27 | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Chirpoi | 1854 Jun 24 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Sheveluch | 1854 Feb 18 | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Observations: Reported |
Opala | [1854] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Avachinsky | 1853 Dec 21 | 1854 Mar 14 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Mutnovsky | 1853 Dec 18 | 1854 Mar | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Chikurachki | 1853 Dec | 1859 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1853 Oct | 1854 Feb 17 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Mutnovsky | 1853 Jan | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1852 Aug | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Maly Semyachik | 1852 Apr 15 ± 45 days | 1852 Jul | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Mutnovsky | 1852 Mar | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1852 Feb | 1852 Mar | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Karymsky | 1852 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Avachinsky | 1851 Nov 26 | 1852 Feb 14 ± 4 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Maly Semyachik | 1851 Sep | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Milna | 1849 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Tomariyama [Golovnin] | 1848 | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Mutnovsky | 1848 | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Kharimkotan | 1848 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1848 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Rasshua | 1846 | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Kharimkotan | 1846 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Sinarka | 1846 | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Kolokol Group | 1845 | 1846 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ketoi | 1843 Jul | 1846 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Chirippusan [Chirip] | 1843 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Milna | 1842 Jun | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1840 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Avachinsky | [1837] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Ebeko | 1833 Dec 31 ± 365 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Gorely | 1832 Feb | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Karymsky | 1830 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1829 Sep 9 | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Gorely | 1828 Jun | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Avachinsky | 1828 Apr 17 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Avachinsky | 1827 Jun 27 | 1827 Jun 29 | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Opala | [1827] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Prevo Peak | 1825 ± 25 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Zheltovsky | [1823 ± 5 years] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Gorely | [1821] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Klyuchevskoy | 1819 | 1822 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1813 Feb | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Etorofu-Atosanupuri [Atosanupuri] | 1812 Sep 5 ± 4 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1812 Sep | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Chachadake [Tiatia] | 1812 Aug | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Berutarubesan [Berutarube] | [1812] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Chirpoi | 1811 Jun 11 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1807 Feb 1 ± 30 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Sarychev Peak | 1805 | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Maly Semyachik | 1804 | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Sheveluch | [1800 ± 10 years] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Tolbachik | 1793 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ebeko | 1793 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1791 Aug | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1791 Apr | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Chirpoi | 1790 ± 20 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Alaid | 1790 | 1793 | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Tolbachik | 1790 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1789 Dec 1 | 1790 Feb | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Tolbachik | 1789 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Avachinsky | [1789] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Klyuchevskoy | 1788 Aug | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1788 Feb | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Tolbachik | 1788 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1787 Sep | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1785 Nov | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Kolokol Group | 1780 ± 10 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Avachinsky | 1779 Jun 15 | 1779 Jun 16 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Moyorodake [Medvezhia] | 1778 Dec 31 ± 365 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Raikoke | 1778 | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Opala | 1776 Oct 23 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Zhupanovsky | 1776 Oct | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Avachinsky | 1772 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1772 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Karymsky | 1771 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1770 May | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Tolbachik | 1769 Feb 15 ± 45 days | 1769 Oct 15 ± 45 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ushishur | 1769 (after) | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Klyuchevskoy | 1767 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ekarma | 1767 | 1769 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Sarychev Peak | 1765 ± 5 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Prevo Peak | 1765 ± 5 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Raikoke | 1765 ± 5 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1762 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Chirinkotan | [1760 (?)] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Gorely | 1750 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Mutnovsky | 1750 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ksudach | 1750 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Fuss Peak | [1742] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Koshelev | [1741] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Tolbachik | 1740 Dec | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1740 | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Ichinsky | 1740 | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Tolbachik | 1739 Feb 1 ± 30 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Sheveluch | 1739 | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1737 Sep 25 (?) | 1737 Nov 4 (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Avachinsky | 1737 Aug | 1737 Aug | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Karymsky | 1730 ± 25 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Klyuchevskoy | 1727 | 1731 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Sinarka | 1725 ± 25 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Klyuchevskoy | 1720 | 1721 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Kharimkotan | 1713 | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Chirpoi | 1712 Dec 31 ± 365 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Ushishur | 1710 ± 10 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Nemo Peak | 1710 ± 10 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Sheveluch | 1700 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Tolbachik | [1699 ± 1 years] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Klyuchevskoy | 1697 | 1698 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Chikurachki | 1690 ± 10 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Koshelev | 1690 ± 10 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Ebeko | 1670 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Sheveluch | 1652 ± 11 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Ebeko | 1650 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Mutnovsky | 1650 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Ebeko | 1600 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Alney-Chashakondzha | 1600 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Sashiusudake [Baransky] | 1570 ± 30 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Sheveluch | 1550 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Tolbachik | 1550 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Karymsky | 1550 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Avachinsky | 1550 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Maly Semyachik | 1550 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Krasheninnikov | 1550 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Kikhpinych | 1550 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Khangar | 1500 ± 40 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Sashiusudake [Baransky] | 1460 ± 30 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Karymsky | 1450 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Sheveluch | 1430 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Avachinsky | 1400 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Maly Semyachik | 1400 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Kikhpinych | 1350 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Krasheninnikov | 1350 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Kostakan | 1350 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Kambalny | 1350 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Nemo Peak | 1350 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Gorely | 1330 ± 25 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Mutnovsky | 1300 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Ichinsky | 1300 ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Tomariyama [Golovnin] | 1290 ± 20 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Gorny Institute | 1250 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Fuss Peak | 1250 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Kostakan | 1200 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Avachinsky | 1200 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Karymsky | 1150 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Sheveluch | 1150 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Avachinsky | 1100 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Tolbachik | 1050 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Karymsky | 1050 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Sheveluch | 1034 ± 23 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Gorely | 1030 ± 25 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Sheveluch | 1020 (?) ± 40 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Gorny Institute | 1000 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Tolbachik | 1000 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Khangar | 1000 ± 16 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Ksudach | 1000 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Kostakan | 1000 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Zhupanovsky | 1000 ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Sheveluch | 0970 (?) ± 80 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Karymsky | 0950 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Komarov | 0950 (after) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Mutnovsky | 0950 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Tolbachik | 0950 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Bezymianny | 0950 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Tolbachik | 0900 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Kikhpinych | 0900 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Avachinsky | 0900 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Krasheninnikov | 0850 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Kizimen | 0850 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Bezymianny | 0850 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Kinenin | 0850 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Kikhpinych | 0830 ± 25 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Kostakan | 0800 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Ichinsky | 0800 ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Sheveluch | 0750 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Krasheninnikov | 0750 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Mutnovsky | 0750 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Nemo Peak | 0750 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Ksudach | 0700 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Kizimen | 0700 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Avachinsky | 0700 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Sheveluch | 0700 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Bezymianny | 0700 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Krasheninnikov | 0650 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Kikhpinych | 0650 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Sheveluch | 0650 ± 40 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Sheveluch | 0630 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Opala | 0610 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Sheveluch | 0600 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Bezymianny | 0600 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Sheveluch | 0580 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Gorely | 0550 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Kikhpinych | 0550 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Ichinsky | 0550 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Klyuchevskoy | 0550 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Tolbachik | 0550 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Sheveluch | 0530 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Sheveluch | 0500 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Tolbachik | 0450 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Komarov | 0450 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Tolbachik | 0400 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Avachinsky | 0400 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Veer | 0390 ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Sheveluch | 0380 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Kizimen | 0350 ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Ksudach | 0350 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Diky Greben | 0350 ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Tolbachik | 0350 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Tolmachev Dol | 0300 ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Gorely | 0250 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Mutnovsky | 0250 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Tolbachik | 0250 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Bezymianny | 0250 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Sheveluch | 0250 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Ksudach | 0240 ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 6 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Sheveluch | 0230 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Gorely | 0200 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Uzon | 0200 ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Sheveluch | 0170 ± 20 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Bezymianny | 0150 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Tolbachik | 0150 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Sheveluch | 0120 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Sheveluch | 0100 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Avachinsky | 0100 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Ichinsky | 0050 ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Tolbachik | 0050 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Bezymianny | 0050 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Gorely | 0050 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Mutnovsky | 0050 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Iliinsky | 0050 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Elbrus | 0050 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Sheveluch | 0010 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Moyorodake [Medvezhia] | 0050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Zhupanovsky | 0050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Kronotsky | 0050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Tolbachik | 0100 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Mutnovsky | 0100 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Sheveluch | 0150 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Krasheninnikov | 0150 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Ksudach | 0200 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Mutnovsky | 0200 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Tolbachik | 0200 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Udokan Plateau | 0220 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Zhupanovsky | 0220 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Krasheninnikov | 0250 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Sheveluch | 0300 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Khodutka | 0300 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Khangar | 0350 BCE ± 30 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Gorely | 0350 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Krasheninnikov | 0350 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Ebeko | 0390 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Sheveluch | 0400 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Mutnovsky | 0450 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Bezymianny | 0450 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Sheveluch | 0500 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Titila | 0550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Nemo Peak | 0550 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Gamchen | 0550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Vysoky | 0550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Taunshits | 0550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Maly Semyachik | 0550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Bakening | 0550 BCE | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Ichinsky | 0600 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Alney-Chashakondzha | 0650 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Sheveluch | 0650 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Maly Semyachik | 0650 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Krasheninnikov | 0650 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Alney-Chashakondzha | 0660 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Tolbachik | 0700 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Gorely | 0700 BCE ± 850 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Tolbachik | 0750 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Sheveluch | 0780 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Terpuk | 0800 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Tolbachik | 0800 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Zavaritsky | 0800 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Zavaritsky | 0850 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Karymsky | 0850 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Krasheninnikov | 0850 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Maly Semyachik | 0850 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Sheveluch | 0900 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Khodutka | 0930 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Akademia Nauk | 0950 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Sheveluch | 0950 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Krasheninnikov | 1000 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Sheveluch | 1010 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Kizimen | 1010 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Klyuchevskoy | 1050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Krasheninnikov | 1050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Khodutka | 1050 BCE (in or before) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Bliznetsy | 1060 BCE ± 40 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Karymsky | 1100 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Krasheninnikov | 1150 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Ichinsky | 1200 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Sheveluch | 1330 BCE ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Bezymianny | 1350 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Krasheninnikov | 1350 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Avachinsky | 1350 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Koshelev | 1350 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Karymsky | 1400 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Sheveluch | 1500 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Avachinsky | 1500 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Chikurachki | 1500 BCE ± 250 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Severny | 1550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Bezymianny | 1550 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Opala | 1550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Koryaksky | 1550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Bakening | 1550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Uzon | 1550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Fuss Peak | 1590 BCE ± 70 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Sheveluch | 1650 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Krasheninnikov | 1650 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Gamchen | 1650 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Tolbachik | 1650 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Sheveluch | 1700 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Avachinsky | 1700 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Tolbachik | 1750 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Chikurachki | 1750 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Maly Semyachik | 1800 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Nemo Peak | 1850 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Fuss Peak | 1850 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Ichinsky | 1950 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Koryaksky | 1950 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Chikurachki | 1950 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Gorely | 2000 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Sheveluch | 2000 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Ostry | 2050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Gorely | 2050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Mutnovsky | 2050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Iliinsky | 2050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Karymsky | 2050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Tolbachik | 2050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Sheveluch | 2100 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Avachinsky | 2100 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Sheveluch | 2150 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Mutnovsky | 2150 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Sheveluch | 2200 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Gorely | 2200 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Shisheika | 2240 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Gorely | 2250 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Diky Greben | 2250 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Karymsky | 2250 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Krasheninnikov | 2250 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Maly Semyachik | 2250 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Raususan [Mendeleev] | 2270 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Avachinsky | 2300 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Karymsky | 2350 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Maly Semyachik | 2450 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Gorely | 2450 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Sheveluch | 2490 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Avachinsky | 2500 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Avachinsky | 2530 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Sheveluch | 2530 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Sheveluch | 2620 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Avachinsky | 2650 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Tolmachev Dol | 2650 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Udokan Plateau | 2670 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Khangar | 2700 BCE ± 25 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Bezymianny | 2750 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Sheveluch | 2750 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Gorely | 2750 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Kikhpinych | 2780 BCE ± 25 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Ichinsky | 2850 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Kikhpinych | 2850 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Iliinsky | 2850 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Sheveluch | 2900 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Mutnovsky | 2900 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Avachinsky | 2900 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Avachinsky | 2950 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Krasheninnikov | 2950 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Ksudach | 3000 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Sheveluch | 3050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Zheltovsky | 3050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Diky Greben | 3050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Nemo Peak | 3050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Zhupanovsky | 3050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Fuss Peak | 3150 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Sheveluch | 3200 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Karymsky | 3200 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Avachinsky | 3200 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Krasheninnikov | 3250 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Avachinsky | 3400 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Spokoiny | 3450 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Karymsky | 3450 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Gorely | 3450 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Sheveluch | 3500 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Opala | 3500 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Avachinsky | 3500 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Maly Semyachik | 3500 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Krasheninnikov | 3550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Barkhatnaya Sopka | 3550 BCE (after) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Gorely | 3550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Nylgimelkin | 3550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Gorely | 3580 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Sheveluch | 3650 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Mutnovsky | 3650 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Avachinsky | 3700 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Avachinsky | 3790 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Akademia Nauk | 3850 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Fuss Peak | 3850 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Gorely | 3900 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Klyuchevskoy | 3950 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Gorely | 3950 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Mutnovsky | 4050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Yavinsky | 4050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Koshelev | 4050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Avachinsky | 4050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Kizimen | 4050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Ksudach | 4100 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Gorely | 4150 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Karymsky | 4150 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Avachinsky | 4200 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Avachinsky | 4250 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Sheveluch | 4250 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Gorny Institute | 4250 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Gorely | 4300 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Avachinsky | 4340 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Gorely | 4350 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Sheveluch | 4350 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Sheveluch | 4400 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Avachinsky | 4400 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Kizimen | 4450 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Krasheninnikov | 4450 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Bolshoi Semiachik | 4450 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Gorely | 4450 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Avachinsky | 4460 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Maly Semyachik | 4500 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Gorely | 4500 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Sheveluch | 4530 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Cherpuk Group | 4550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Tomariyama [Golovnin] | 4550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Ksudach | 4550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Mutnovsky | 4550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Koshelev | 4550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Iliinsky | 4550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Tolbachik | 4550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Avachinsky | 4550 BCE ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Gorely | 4600 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Gorely | 4650 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Mutnovsky | 4650 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Maly Semyachik | 4650 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Mutnovsky | 4700 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Gorely | 4700 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Gorely | 4750 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Ksudach | 4750 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Krasheninnikov | 4850 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Fuss Peak | 4850 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Sheveluch | 4900 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Ksudach | 4900 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Gorely | 4950 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Mutnovsky | 5000 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Mutnovsky | 5050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Koryaksky | 5050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Krasheninnikov | 5050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Maly Semyachik | 5050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Zhupanovsky | 5050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Piip | 5050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Bezymianny | 5050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Gorely | 5150 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Jom-Bolok | 5180 BCE ± 140 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Ksudach | 5200 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Mutnovsky | 5250 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Krasheninnikov | 5250 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Fuss Peak | 5250 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Gorely | 5300 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Bolshoi-Kekuknaysky | 5310 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Fuss Peak | 5340 BCE ± 30 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Mutnovsky | 5350 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Ichinsky | 5400 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Sheveluch | 5400 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Mutnovsky | 5450 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Gorely | 5450 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Krasheninnikov | 5450 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Tolbachik | 5450 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Maly Semyachik | 5450 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Avachinsky | 5450 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Sheveluch | 5500 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Khangar | 5500 BCE ± 25 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Avachinsky | 5500 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Akademia Nauk | 5500 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Gorely | 5500 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Nemo Peak | 5550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Tao-Rusyr Caldera | 5550 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 6 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Ksudach | 5600 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Avachinsky | 5600 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Tolbachik | 5600 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Ichinsky | 5650 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Tolbachik | 5650 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Gorely | 5650 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Khangar | 5700 BCE ± 16 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 6 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Iliinsky | 5700 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Diky Greben | 5700 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Uzon | 5700 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Avachinsky | 5700 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Uzon | 5750 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Maly Semyachik | 5750 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Taunshits | 5800 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Kizimen | 5800 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Krasheninnikov | 5800 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Mutnovsky | 5800 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Ichinsky | 5850 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Maly Semyachik | 5850 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Mutnovsky | 5900 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Gorely | 5950 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Avachinsky | 5980 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Udokan Plateau | 5990 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Sheveluch | 6000 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Krasheninnikov | 6000 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Mutnovsky | 6000 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Gorely | 6050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Zheltovsky | 6050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Tolbachik | 6050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Avachinsky | 6100 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Sheveluch | 6100 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Ichinsky | 6150 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Maly Semyachik | 6150 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Sheveluch | 6200 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Udokan Plateau | 6210 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Krasheninnikov | 6250 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Bakening | 6300 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Chikurachki | 6310 BCE ± 70 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Sheveluch | 6350 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Krasheninnikov | 6350 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Sheveluch | 6380 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Sheveluch | 6400 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Khangar | 6400 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Kizimen | 6400 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Kurile Lake | 6440 BCE ± 25 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 7 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Sheveluch | 6500 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Krasheninnikov | 6550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Bakening | 6550 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Kostakan | 6550 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Karymsky | 6600 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 6 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Sheveluch | 6600 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Ushkovsky | 6670 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Sheveluch | 6800 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Bolshoi Semiachik | 6800 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Ichinsky | 6950 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Maly Semyachik | 6950 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Sheveluch | 7000 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Sedanka Lava Field | 7050 BCE ± 1000 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Bezymianny | 7050 BCE ± 2000 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Zheltovsky | 7050 BCE ± 1000 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Nemo Peak | 7050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Khangar | 7100 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Sheveluch | 7150 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Gorely | 7250 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Krasheninnikov | 7250 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Udokan Plateau | 7290 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Sheveluch | 7300 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Sheveluch | 7400 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Gorely | 7400 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Ushishur | 7450 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Moekeshiwan [Lvinaya Past] | 7480 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 6 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Sheveluch | 7500 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Elovsky | 7550 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Sheveluch | 7550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Ushkovsky | 7550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Mutnovsky | 7550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Nemo Peak | 7550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Kurile Lake | 7550 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Maly Semyachik | 7550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Bakening | 7550 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Chikurachki | 7550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Sheveluch | 7600 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Tolbachik | 7600 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Sheveluch | 7630 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Sheveluch | 7700 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Sheveluch | 7750 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Sheveluch | 7850 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Ksudach | 7900 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Sheveluch | 7950 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Vilyuchinsky | 8050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Kizimen | 8050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Krasheninnikov | 8050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Kostakan | 8050 BCE ± 1000 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Sheveluch | 8100 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Sheveluch | 8200 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Khangar | 8250 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Sheveluch | 8350 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Sheveluch | 8450 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Sheveluch | 8500 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Chikurachki | 8500 BCE ± 950 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Chikurachki | 9360 BCE ± 80 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Khangar | 9500 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Russia has 160 Pleistocene volcanoes. Note that as a scientific organization we provide these listings for informational purposes only, with no international legal or policy implications. Volcanoes will be included on this list if they are within the boundaries of a country, on a shared boundary or area, in a remote territory, or within a maritime Exclusive Economic Zone. Suggestions and data updates are always welcome ().
Volcano Name | Location | Primary Volcano Type |
---|---|---|
Aak | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | Stratovolcano(es) |
Adamozhets | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | Cone |
Akhtang | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Alngey | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | Stratovolcano |
Anaun | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | Stratovolcano |
Anjuisky | Russia (northeastern) | Pyroclastic cone(s) |
Antipin | Urup Island (Russia) | Stratovolcano |
Avos' Rocks | Kuril Islands | Unknown |
Balagan-Tas | Russia (northeastern) | Pyroclastic cone(s) |
Baraniy | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | Unknown |
Belenkaya | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | Stratovolcano |
Bely | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield(s) |
Bliznets | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | Stratovolcano |
Bogachensky | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Bolshaya Ipelka | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Bolshaya Romanovka | Western Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Bolshoi Payalpan | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield(s) |
Bolshoy Chekchebonay | Western Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Bolshoy Ketepana | Western Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Bolshoy Kozyrevsky | Western Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Bongabti | Western Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Brontona Island | Kuril Islands | Unknown |
Buduli | Western Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Chavycha | Western Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield(s) |
Cherny | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | Stratovolcano |
Ded i Baba | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Dgida Basin | Russia (southeastern) | Pyroclastic cone(s) |
Ditmara | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | Stratovolcano |
Dvukhyurtochny | Western Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Eggella | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Etopan | Western Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Fedotych | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Geodesistov | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Golaya | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | Stratovolcano |
Gora Desantnaya | Urup Island (Russia) | Stratovolcano |
Iettunup | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield(s) |
Igolki | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield(s) |
Ikanmikot | Simushir Island (Russia) | Stratovolcano |
Iktunup | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield(s) |
Iult | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | Stratovolcano |
Kaileney | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Kalgauch | Western Kamchatka (Russia) | Stratovolcano |
Kamen | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | Stratovolcano |
Kamenisty | Western Kamchatka (Russia) | Stratovolcano |
Karymshina | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | Caldera |
Kavychinsky | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | Unknown |
Kebeney | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Kekurny | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield(s) |
Kell | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | Stratovolcano(es) |
Keveney | Western Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Khailyulya | East-central Kamchatka (Russia) | Unknown |
Khalzan-Shapochka | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Khamar-Daban | Russia (southeastern) | Volcanic field |
Kharchinsky | Central Kamchatka (Russia) | Stratovolcano |
Khulugayshi | Russia (southeastern) | Explosion crater |
Khuvkhoitun | Western Kamchatka (Russia) | Complex |
Kimitina | Western Kamchatka (Russia) | Stratovolcano |
Kireunsky | Western Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Kitkhoysky | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield(s) |
Kobalan | Central Kamchatka (Russia) | Stratovolcano |
Konechnaya | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Konradi | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | Stratovolcano |
Kopkan | Western Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield(s) |
Koshegochek | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Kozyrevsky | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Krainy | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Krainy | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | Stratovolcano |
Krugliy | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Kulkev | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Kunkhilok | Western Kamchatka (Russia) | Stratovolcano |
Kuntomintar | Shiashkotan Island (Russia) | Stratovolcano |
Kupol | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | Stratovolcano |
Kurgannaya | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | Unknown |
Kuzanek | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Kuzheten | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Langtutkin | Western Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Lauchachan | Central Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Leutongey | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Leviy Koshegochek | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Lyzyk | East-central Kamchatka (Russia) | Unknown |
Makanru Island | Kuril Islands | Stratovolcano |
Malaya Ipelka | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | Complex |
Malaya Ketepana | Western Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Maly Alney | Western Kamchatka (Russia) | Stratovolcano(es) |
Maly Chekchebonay | Western Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Maly Payalpan | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield(s) |
Mashkovtsev | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | Stratovolcano |
Mezhdusopochny | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Mutny | Western Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Nachikinsky | East-central Kamchatka (Russia) | Unknown |
Nikolka | Central Kamchatka (Russia) | Unknown |
Nosichan | Western Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Ochchamo | Western Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Ostanets | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield(s) |
Otdelniy | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | Pyroclastic cone(s) |
Ovalny | Western Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Ozernoy | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Perevalny | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Perevalovyi | Western Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Petr Shmidt Ridge | Urup Island (Russia) | Unknown |
Piip | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Piratkovsky | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | Stratovolcano |
Pirozhnikova | Western Kamchatka (Russia) | Stratovolcano |
Ploskiy | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | Stratovolcano |
Plosky | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Pogranychny | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield(s) |
Prodolny | Central Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield(s) |
Razlaty | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | Stratovolcano |
Romanovka | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | Stratovolcano |
Rucharu [Golets-Tornyi Group] | Iturup (Etorofu) Island (Japan/Russia) | Pyroclastic cone(s) |
Savan | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Schmidt | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Shemodogan | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Shestakov | Onekotan Island (Russia) | Stratovolcano |
Shish | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | Cone |
Shishel | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Shlen | Western Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Skalistiy | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Skalistiy | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | Unknown |
Snegovoy | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Snezhniy | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Sokol | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | Stratovolcano |
Sredniy Koshegochek | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Tekletunup | Western Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Tigilsky | Western Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Tolmachev | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | Stratovolcano(es) |
Tretya Rechka | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Tsirk | Iturup (Etorofu) Island (Japan/Russia) | Caldera |
Tumanniy | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Tumrok | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Tuzovsky | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield(s) |
Tynua | Western Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield(s) |
Uchkoren | East-central Kamchatka (Russia) | Unknown |
Udochka | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Uka | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Uksichan | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Ulvaney | Western Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Unana | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | Stratovolcano |
Unnamed | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | Stratovolcano |
Unnamed | Central Kamchatka (Russia) | Lava dome(s) |
Unnamed | Western Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Unnamed | Central Kamchatka (Russia) | Pyroclastic cone(s) |
Unnamed | Western Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Unnamed | Western Kamchatka (Russia) | Stratovolcano(es) |
Unnamed | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | Pyroclastic cone(s) |
Unnamed | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Unnamed | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Unnamed | Western Kamchatka (Russia) | Lava dome(s) |
Unnamed | Russia (southeastern) | Fissure vent |
Urbich Caldera | Iturup (Etorofu) Island (Japan/Russia) | Caldera(s) |
Uspensky | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | Unknown |
Verkhovoy | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield |
Vershinsky | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | Stratovolcano |
Vostochnaya Khodutka | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield(s) |
Vysokii | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | Stratovolcano |
Yanpat | Western Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield(s) |
Zaozerny | Westerm Kamchatka (Russia) | Shield(s) |
Zarechny | Central Kamchatka (Russia) | Caldera(s) |
Zheltiy | Southern Kamchatka (Russia) | Stratovolcano |
Zhupanovskiye Vostriyaky | Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | Stratovolcano |
There are 389 photos available for volcanoes in Russia.

Copyrighted photo by Maxim Portnyagin (Holocene Kamchataka volcanoes; http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/volcanoes/holocene/main/main.htm).

Photo by Vera Ponomareva, 1976 (Institute of Volcanic Geology and Geochemistry, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by V.N. Nechaev, 1991 (courtesy of Oleg Volynets, Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Yu. Demyanchuk, 2007 (KVERT).

Photo by Yuri Doubik, 1975 (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Oleg Volynets, 1976 (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Yuri Doubik (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Janine Krippner, 2015.

Photo by Phil Austin, University of Southern Florida, 1992 (courtesy of Pavel Kepezhinskas).

Photo by Sergei Arzhannikov, 1997 (Siberian Branch, USSR Academy of Sciences).

Photo by Oleg Volynets, 1971 (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Oleg Volynets (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Nikolai Smelov, 1996 (courtesy of Vera Ponomareva, Inst. Volcanic Geology & Geochemistry, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Phil Austin, University of Southern Florida, 1992 (courtesy of Pavel Kepezhinskas).

Satellite image courtesy of Copernicus Sentinel Data, 2019.

Photo by Alexander Rybin, 2001 (Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Yuzhno-Sakhalin).

Photo by Nikolai Smelov, 1996 (courtesy of Vera Ponomareva, Institute of Volcanic Geology and Geochemistry, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Yuri Doubik (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Copyrighted photo by Maria Pevzner, 2005 (Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow).

Photo by Janine Krippner, 2014.

Photo by Yoshihiro Ishizuka, 2000 (Hokkaido University).

Photo by Yuri Doubik, 1972 (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo courtesy of Alexandr Rybin (Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Yuzhno-Sakhalin).

NASA International Space Station image ISS004-E-11691, 2002 (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/).

Photo by Alexander Belousov, 2000 (Institute of Volcanology, Kamchatka, Russia).

Photo by T. Vendelin, 1990, (courtesy of Genrich Steinberg, Institute for Marine Geology and Geophysics, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk).

Photo by Oleg Volynets, 1991 (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

NASA International Space Station image ISS004-E-611695, 2002 (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/).

Copyrighted photo by Yoshihiro Ishizuka, 1992 (Japanese Quaternary Volcanoes database, RIODB, http://riodb02.ibase.aist.go.jp/strata/VOL_JP/EN/index.htm and Geol Surv Japan, AIST, http://www.gsj.jp/).

Photo by Janine Krippner, 2015.

Photo by Andrei Tvsestov.

Photo by Yuri Doubik (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Copyrighted photo by Philippe Bourseiller (Holocene Kamchataka volcanoes; http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/volcanoes/holocene/main/main.htm).

Photo by A. Ozerov, 1983 (courtesy of Yuri Doubik, Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2017 (https://www.planet.com/).

Copyrighted photo by Vera Ponomareva (Holocene Kamchataka volcanoes; http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/volcanoes/holocene/main/main.htm).

Photo by Oleg Volynets (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Yuri Doubik (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Kamchatka Volcanic Eruptions Response Team (courtesy of Dan Miller, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Yuri Doubik (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Yuri Doubik (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Sergei Rasskazov, 1995 (Siberian Branch, USSR Academy of Sciences).

Photo by Nikolai Smelov, 1996 (courtesy of Vera Ponomareva, Institute of Volcanic Geology and Geochemistry, Petropavlovsk).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2018 (https://www.planet.com/).

Copyrighted photo by Vikto Dvigalo (Holocene Kamchataka volcanoes; http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/volcanoes/holocene/main/main.htm).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2018 (https://www.planet.com/).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by V.A. Podtabachny (courtesy of Anatolii Khrenov, Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by A.Y. Antonov (courtesy of Oleg Volynets, Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Copyrighted photo by Vera Ponomareva (Holocene Kamchataka volcanoes; http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/volcanoes/holocene/main/main.htm).

Photo by Andrei Tsvetkov, 1977.

Photo by Oleg Volynets, 1985 (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2018 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Oleg Volynets, 1971 (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Oleg Volynets, 1975 (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Alexander Belousov, 1987 (Institute of Volcanology, Kamchatka, Russia).

Photo by Jim Luhr, 1991 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Nikolai Smelov, 1996 (courtesy of Vera Ponomareva, Inst. Volcanic Geology & Geochemistry, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Oleg Dirksen, 1996 (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Yuri Doubik (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Kamchatka Volcanic Eruptions Response Team, 1986 (courtesy of Dan Miller, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Dan Miller, 1990 (U.S. Geological Survey).

NASA International Space Station image ISS005-E-6313, 2002 (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/).

Photo by Janine Krippner, 2015.

Photo by Oleg Volynets (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Oleg Volynets, 1976 (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Oleg Volynets (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Nikolai Smelov, 1996 (courtesy of Vera Ponomareva, Institute of Volcanic Geology and Geochemistry, Petropavlovsk).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2018 (https://www.planet.com/).

NASA International Space Station image ISS004-E-13788, 2002 (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/).

Photo by Alexander Belousov, 1987 (Institute of Volcanology, Kamchatka, Russia).

Photo by Oleg Volynets (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Dan Miller, 1990 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Yuri Doubik (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Oleg Volynets (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Janine Krippner, 2015.

Photo by Oleg Volynets (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Oleg Volynets (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Vera Ponomareva, 1997 (Institute of Volcanic Geology and Geochemistry, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Kamchatka Volcanic Eruptions Response Team, 1984 (courtesy of Dan Miller, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Oleg Volynets (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo courtesy of G.S. Gorshkov, Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk (published in Green and Short, 1971).

Photo by Dan Miller (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Alexander Rybin, 2001 (Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Yuzhno-Sakhalin).

Photo by Dan Miller, 1990 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by I. V. Yerov, 1956 (courtesy of G.S. Gorshkov, published in Green and Short, 1971).

Satellite image courtesy of Copernicus Sentinel Data, 2019.

Photo by Alexander Rybin, 2001 (Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Yuzhno-Sakhalin).

Photo by Yuri Doubik (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo courtesy of Anatolii Khrenov, 1988 (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Yuri Doubik, 1974 (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Alexander Rybin, 2001 (Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Yuzhno-Sakhalin).

Photo by Oleg Volynets (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2018 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Oleg Volynets, 1976 (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Copyrighted photo by Philippe Bourseiller (Holocene Kamchataka volcanoes; http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/volcanoes/holocene/main/main.htm).

Photo by Oleg Dirksen, 1996 (courtesy of Vera Ponomareva, Institute of Volcanic Geology and Geochemistry, Petropavlovsk).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2017 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Nikolai Smelov, 1996 (courtesy of Vera Ponomareva, Institute of Volcanic Geology and Geochemistry, Petropavlovsk).

Copyrighted photo by Adam Kirilenko, 2003.

Photo by Oleg Volynets (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Yoshihiro Ishizuka, 2000 (Hokkaido University).

Photo by Yuri Doubik, 1975 (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

NASA International Space Station image ISS005-E-6515, 2002 (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/).

Photo by G.S. Gorshkov, 1956 (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk, published in Green and Short, 1971).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2020 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by A. Samoluk, 1990 (courtesy of Genrich Steinberg, Institute for Marine Geology and Geophysics, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk).

Photo by E.Y. Zhdanova (courtesy of Oleg Volynets, Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Janine Krippner, 2014.

Photo by Nikolai Smelov, 1996 (courtesy of Vera Ponomareva, Institute of Volcanic Geology and Geochemistry, Petropavlovsk).

From the collection of Maurice and Katia Krafft.

Photo by Yuri Doubik (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

NASA International Space Station image ISS006-E-36667, 2003 (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/).

Photo by Sakharnii (courtesy of Oleg Volynets, Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2018 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Oleg Volynets (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Andrei Tsvetkov.

Photo by Yuri Doubik, 1983 (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Satellite image courtesy of Copernicus Sentinel Data, 2019.

Copyrighted photo by Philip Kyle (Holocene Kamchataka volcanoes; http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/volcanoes/holocene/main/main.htm).

Photo by Janine Krippner, 2015.

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by B.V. Ivanov, 1990 (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Nikolay Seliverstov, 2001 (IV FED RAS; courtesy of Olga Girina, KVERT).

Photo by Yuri Doubik, 1983 (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by E.Y. Zhdanova (courtesy of Oleg Volynets, Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Oleg Volynets, 1991 (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Pavel Kepezhinskas (University of Southern Florida).

Photo by Kamchatka Volcanic Eruptions Response Team (courtesy of Dan Miller, U.S. Geological Survey).

NASA International Space Station image ISS005-E-19216, 2002 (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Yuri Doubik (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Oleg Volynets, 1975 (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Yoshihiro Ishizuka, 2000 (Hokkaido University).

Photo by Yuri Doubik (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Copyrighted photo by Vera Ponomareva (Holocene Kamchataka volcanoes; http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/volcanoes/holocene/main/main.htm).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2020 (https://www.planet.com/).

Copyrighted photo by Maria Pevzner, 2005 (Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow).

Photo by Yuri Doubik (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo courtesy of Yuri Doubik (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Oleg Volynets (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Yuri Doubik (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by T. Vendelin (courtesy of Genrich Steinberg, Institute for Marine Geology and Geophysics, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk).

Photo by Nikolai Smelov, 1980 (courtesy of Vera Ponomareva, Inst. Volcanic Geology & Geochemistry, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Yoshihiro Ishizuka, 2000 (Hokkaido University).

NASA International Space Station image ISS004-E-11698, 2002 (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/).

Photo by Oleg Volynets, 1972 (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Yuri Doubik (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2018 (https://www.planet.com/).

Copyrighted photo by Nikolai Smelov (Holocene Kamchataka volcanoes; http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/volcanoes/holocene/main/main.htm).

Photo by Oleg Volynets, 1985 (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by A. Samoluk, 1989 (courtesy of Genrich Steinberg, Institute for Marine Geology and Geophysics, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2018 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Dan Miller, 1990 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Satellite image courtesy of Copernicus Sentinel Data, 2019.

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Nikolai Smelov, 1996 (courtesy of Vera Ponomareva, Institute of Volcanic Geology and Geochemistry, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Yuri Doubik (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Janine Krippner, 2014.

Photo by Phil Kyle, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 1996 (courtesy of Vera Ponomareva, IUGG, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Oleg Volynets (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2018 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Yuri Doubik (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Janine Krippner, 2014.

Photo by A. Samoluk, 1990 (courtesy of Genrich Steinberg, Institute for Marine Geology and Geophysics, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk).

Photo by Yuri Doubik (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

NASA International Space Station image ISS005-E-19216, 2002 (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/).

Photo by Oleg Volynets (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by E.Y. Zhdanova (courtesy of Oleg Volynets, Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Yu. Demyanchuk, 2007 (KVERT).

Photo by Dan Miller, 1990 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Janine Krippner, 2015.

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Satellite image courtesy of Copernicus Sentinel Data, 2019.

Photo by Alexander Rybin, 2008 (SVERT).

Photo by Oleg Volynets, 1975 (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Janine Krippner, 2014.

Photo by Anatolii Khrenov, 1975 (courtesy of Oleg Volynets, Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Janine Krippner, 2014.

NASA International Space Station image ISS010-E-13393, 2005 (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/).

Photo by Andrei Tsvetkov.

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by A. Samoluk, 1989 (courtesy of Genrich Steinberg, Institute for Marine Geology and Geophysics, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk).

Photo by Yoshihiro Ishizuka, 2000 (Hokkaido University).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2017 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by T. Vendelin (courtesy of Genrich Steinberg (Institute for Marine Geology and Geophysics, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk).

Photo by Phillip Kyle, 1996 (courtesy of Vera Ponomareva, Institute of Volcanic Geology and Geochemistry, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by N. Smelov, 1974 (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Dan Miller (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Janine Krippner, 2014.

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2018 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Yuri Doubik (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Andrei Tsvetkov.

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2020 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Oleg Volynets (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Alexander Rybin, 2001 (Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Yuzhno-Sakhalin).

Photo by Sergei Arzhannikov, 1997 (Siberian Branch, USSR Academy of Sciences).

NASA International Space Station image ISS004-E-13794, 2002 (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/).

Copyrighted photo by Adam Kirilenko, 2003.

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Oleg Volynets (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Dan Miller, 1990 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Yoshihiro Ishizuka, 2000 (Hokkaido University).

Photo by Oleg Volynets, 1977 (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Copyrighted photo by Maxim Portnyagin (Holocene Kamchataka volcanoes; http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/volcanoes/holocene/main/main.htm).

Photo by Oleg Dirksen, 1996 (courtesy of Vera Ponomareva, Institute of Volcanic Geology and Geochemistry, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Dan Miller, 1990 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Coyrighted photo by Oleg Dirksen (Holocene Kamchataka volcanoes; http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/volcanoes/holocene/main/main.htm).

Photo by Nikolai Smelov, 1996 (courtesy of Vera Ponomareva, Institute of Volcanic Geology and Geochemistry, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by R. Bulgakov, 1990 (Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Yuzhno-Sakhalin).

Photo by Dan Miller, 1990 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

NASA International Space Station image ISS004-E-11700, 2002 (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/).

Photo by Yoshihiro Ishizuka, 2000 (Hokkaido University).

Photo by Alexander Rybin, 2001 (Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Yuzhno-Sakhalin).

Photo by Alexander Belousov, 1994 (Institute of Volcanology, Kamchatka, Russia).

Photo by Janine Krippner, 2015.

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2017 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Oleg Volynets (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Yuri Doubik, 1972 (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Vera Ponomareva, 1996 (Institute of Volcanic Geology and Geochemistry, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Dan Miller (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by A. Korablev, 1993 (Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Yuzhno-Sakhalin).

Photo by Oleg Volynets (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Nikolai Smelov, 1996 (courtesy of Vera Ponomareva, Inst. Volcanic Geology & Geochemistry, Petropavlovsk).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2018 (https://www.planet.com/).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Copyrighted photo by Maria Pevzner, 2004 (Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow).

Photo by Nikolai Smelov, 1996 (courtesy of Vera Ponomareva, Institute of Volcanic Geology and Geochemistry, Petropavlovsk).

NASA International Space Station image ISS005-E-6518, 2002 (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2020 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Dan Miller (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo courtesy of Anatoli Khrenov, 1981 (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Dan Miller, 1990 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Dan Miller, 1990 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Oleg Volynets, 1991 (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Copyrighted photo by Sergei Konyaev (Holocene Kamchataka volcanoes; http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/volcanoes/holocene/main/main.htm).

Photo by B.V. Ivanov, 1990 (Institute of Volcanic Geology and Geochemistry, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Oleg Volynets, 1975 (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Yuri Doubik (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

NASA International Space Station image ISS006-E-52695, 2003 (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/).

Photo by Yuri Doubik (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Copyrighted photo by Maria Pevzner, 2004 (Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow).

Photo by Yuri Doubik, 1979 (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Vera Ponomareva, 1975 (Institute of Volcanic Geology and Geochemistry, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Janine Krippner, 2014.

Photo by A. Obsyannikov, 1991 (Institute of Volcanic Geology and Geochemistry, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Dan Miller, 1990 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Dan Miller, 1990 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Phil Austin, University of Southern Florida, 1992 (courtesy of Pavel Kepezhinskas).

Copyrighted photo by Maria Pevzner (Holocene Kamchataka volcanoes; http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/volcanoes/holocene/main/main.htm).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2018 (https://www.planet.com/).

NASA International Space Station image ISS005-E-6512, 2002 (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/).

Photo by Yuri Doubik (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Yuri Doubik (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Janine Krippner, 2014.

Photo courtesy of Anatoli Khrenov, 1989 (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Alexander Rybin, 1999 (Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Yuzhno-Sakhalin).

Photo by Oleg Volynets, 1985 (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by T. Vendelin, 1990 (courtesy of Genrich Steinberg, Institute for Marine Geology and Geophysics, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk).

Photo by Yuri Doubik, 1972 (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Dan Miller (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Dan Miller, 1990 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Phil Kyle, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 1996 (courtesy of Vera Ponomareva, IUGG, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Yuri Doubik, 1982 (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Copyrighted photo by Gennady Novikov, 2003 (Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow).

Photo by Janine Krippner, 2015.

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Copyrighted photo by Yoshihiro Ishizuka, 1999 (Japanese Quaternary Volcanoes database, RIODB, http://riodb02.ibase.aist.go.jp/strata/VOL_JP/EN/index.htm and Geol Surv Japan, AIST, http://www.gsj.jp/).

Photo by Yoshihiro Ishizuka, 2000 (Hokkaido University).

Photo by V.N. Nechaev (courtesy of Oleg Volynets, Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

NASA Space Shuttle image STS112-E-5671, 2002 (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/).

Photo from Holocene Kamchataka volcanoes (http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/volcanoes/holocene/main/main.htm).

Photo by Yoshihiro Ishizuka, 2000 (Hokkaido University).

Photo from Holocene Kamchataka volcanoes (http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/volcanoes/holocene/main/main.htm).

Copyrighted photo by Maria Pevzner, 2005 (Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow).

Photo by A. Samoluk, 1990 (courtesy of Genrich Steinberg, Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk).

Photo by Vera Ponomareva, 1975 (Institute of Volcanic Geology and Geochemistry, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Oleg Volynets (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Pavel Kepezhinskas, 1993 (University of Southern Florida).

Photo by Dan Miller, 1990 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Yuri Doubik (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Phil Austin, University of Southern Florida, 1992 (courtesy of Pavel Kepezhinskas).

Copyrighted photo by Adam Kirilenko, 2000 (Holocene Kamchatka Volcanoes, www.kamchatka.ginras.ru).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Philip Kyle, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 1996 (courtesy of Vera Ponomareva, IVGG, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Janine Krippner, 2015.

NASA International Space Station image ISS005-E-6514, 2002 (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/).

Photo by Oleg Volynets, 1975 (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2018 (https://www.planet.com/).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Vera Ponomareva, 1975 (Institute of Volcanic Geology and Geochemistry, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Oleg Volynets (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Vera Ponomareva, 1976 (Institute of Volcanic Geology and Geochemistry, Petropavlovsk).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2018 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Janine Krippner, 2014.

Photo by Janine Krippner, 2015.

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Alexander Rybin, 1995 (Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Yuzhno-Sakhalin).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Copyrighted photo by Oleg Dirksen (Holocene Kamchataka volcanoes; http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/volcanoes/holocene/main/main.htm).

Photo by R. Bulgakov, 1990 (Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Yuzhno-Sakhalin).

Copyrighted photo by Maria Pevzner, 2005 (Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow).

Photo by Alexander Belousov, 1986 (Institute of Volcanology, Kamchatka, Russia).

Photo by Oleg Volynets (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Janine Krippner, 2015.

Photo by Alexander Belousov, 1987 (Institute of Volcanology, Kamchatka, Russia).

Photo by Yuri Doubik (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Kamchatka Volcanic Eruptions Response Team, 1980 (courtesy of Dan Miller, U.S. Geological Survey).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Dan Miller, 1990 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Yuri Doubik, 1980 (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Copyrighted photo by Maria Pevzner, 2005 (Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow).

Photo by Pavel Kepezhinskas (University of Southern Florida).

Photo by Oleg Volynets, 1977 (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Janine Krippner, 2015.

Photo by A.M. Chirkov, 1972 (courtesy of Oleg Volynets, Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Dan Miller, 1990 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Alexander Belousov, 1994 (Institute of Volcanology, Kamchatka, Russia).

Photo by Dan Miller, 1990 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Nikolai Smelov, 1996 (courtesy of Vera Ponomareva, Institute of Volcanic Geology and Geochemistry, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Alexander Belousov, 2000 (Institute of Volcanology, Kamchatka, Russia).

Image courtesy of Earth Sciences and Image Analysis Laboratory, NASA Johnson Space Center, 2002 (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov).

NASA International Space Station image ISS005-E-6511, 2002 (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/).

Photo by V.N. Nechaev, 1993 (courtesy of Oleg Volynets, Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Dan Miller, 1990 (U.S. Geological Survey).

NASA International Space Station image ISS020-E-9048, 2009 (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/).

NASA International Space Station image ISS006-E-36667, 2003 (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/).

Photo by Oleg Volynets, 1989 (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Copyrighted photo by Leopold Sulerzhitsky (Holocene Kamchataka volcanoes; http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/volcanoes/holocene/main/main.htm).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2020 (https://www.planet.com/).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2017 (https://www.planet.com/).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Nikolai Smelov, 1998 (courtesy of Vera Ponomareva, Institute of Volcanic Geology and Geochemistry, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Oleg Volynets (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by A.M. Chirkov, 1972 (courtesy of Oleg Volynets, Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Satellite image courtesy of Copernicus Sentinel Data, 2019.

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by A. Tsvetkov.

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2018 (https://www.planet.com/).

Copyrighted photo by Maria Pevzner, 2005 (Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow).

Photo courtesy of Maria Pevzner (Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2018 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Andrey Neroda (Pacific Oceanographic Institute FEB RAS), 2010.

Photo by Phil Kyle, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 1993 (courtesy of Vera Ponomareva, IUGG, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Yuri Doubik, 1975 (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Oleg Volynets (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Phil Austin, University of Southern Florida, 1992 (courtesy of Pavel Kepezhinskas).

Photo by Janine Krippner, 2014.

Photo by Yu. Demyanchuk, 2007 (KVERT).

Satellite image courtesy of Copernicus Sentinel Data, 2019.

Photo by Yuri Doubik (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Copyrighted photo by Adam Kirilenko, 2002.

NASA International Space Station image ISS014-E-17165, 2007 (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/).

Photo by Dan Miller, 1990 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Copyrighted photo by Adam Kirilenko, 2002.

Photo by Janine Krippner, 2015.

Photo by Leonid Kotenko, 2009 (Institute of Volcanology and Seismology).

Photo by Nikolai Smelov, 1996 (courtesy of Vera Ponomareva, Institute of Volcanic Geology and Geochemistry, Petropavlovsk).

Photo by Janine Krippner, 2015.

Photo by Sergei Rasskazov, 1995 (Siberian Branch, USSR Academy of Sciences).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2018 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Kamchatka Volcanic Eruptions Response Team (courtesy of Dan Miller, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Yoshihiro Ishizuka, 2000 (Hokkaido University).

Photo by I.T. Kirsanov, 1974 (courtesy of Oleg Volynets, Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo courtesy of Kamchatka Volcanic Eruptions Response Team, 1989.

Photo by Dan Miller, 1990 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Alexander Belousov, 1988 (Institute of Volcanology, Kamchatka, Russia).
This is a compilation of Russia volcano information sources, such as official monitoring or other government agencies.
Volcanic Ash Advisory Center | |
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Tokyo Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) | |
- Tokyo VAAC Notices and Archive |