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Report on Rabaul (Papua New Guinea) — 8 October-14 October 2008


Rabaul

Smithsonian Institution / US Geological Survey
Weekly Volcanic Activity Report, 8 October-14 October 2008
Managing Editor: Sally Sennert.

Please cite this report as:

Global Volcanism Program, 2008. Report on Rabaul (Papua New Guinea) (Sennert, S, ed.). Weekly Volcanic Activity Report, 8 October-14 October 2008. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.

Weekly Report (8 October-14 October 2008)

Rabaul

Papua New Guinea

4.2459°S, 152.1937°E; summit elev. 688 m

All times are local (unless otherwise noted)


RVO reported that during 7-12 October steam and ash plumes from Rabaul caldera's Tavurvur cone rose to an altitude of 2.7 km (8,900 ft) a.s.l. and drifted N, NW, and W. During 11-12 October, ash emissions increased in frequency; ashfall was reported in areas downwind, including Namanula Hill (3 km W). Continuous incandescence from the vent was observed. Loud roaring noises were reported on 9 October.

Based on analysis of satellite imagery and information from RVO, the Darwin VAAC reported that during 13-14 October ash plumes rose to an altitude of 2.4 km (8,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NW and WNW.

Geological Summary. The low-lying Rabaul caldera on the tip of the Gazelle Peninsula at the NE end of New Britain forms a broad sheltered harbor utilized by what was the island's largest city prior to a major eruption in 1994. The outer flanks of the asymmetrical shield volcano are formed by thick pyroclastic-flow deposits. The 8 x 14 km caldera is widely breached on the east, where its floor is flooded by Blanche Bay and was formed about 1,400 years ago. An earlier caldera-forming eruption about 7,100 years ago is thought to have originated from Tavui caldera, offshore to the north. Three small stratovolcanoes lie outside the N and NE caldera rims. Post-caldera eruptions built basaltic-to-dacitic pyroclastic cones on the caldera floor near the NE and W caldera walls. Several of these, including Vulcan cone, which was formed during a large eruption in 1878, have produced major explosive activity during historical time. A powerful explosive eruption in 1994 occurred simultaneously from Vulcan and Tavurvur volcanoes and forced the temporary abandonment of Rabaul city.

Sources: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC), Rabaul Volcano Observatory (RVO)