The Tengger caldera complex forms the large depression in the background of this view from Semeru volcano to its south. The compound caldera consists of the 16-km-wide Ngadisari caldera and the younger Sandsea caldera. A faint steam plume lingers at the center of the photo above Bromo, the source of all historical eruptions at Tengger caldera. Gunung Bromo is part of a complex of pyroclastic cones constructed within the Sandsea caldera.

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1971.

Copyrighted image used with permission. All Rights Reserved. Contact photographer for any usage requests.

Tengger Caldera