On 13 September 1984 groundwater gained access to the eruptive fissure at Krafla, producing these clouds of steam and ash. The two-week eruption, which began on 4 September 1984, was dominantly effusive, and produced 0.12 km³ of lava flows from an 8.5-km-long fissure.

Photo by Michael Ryan, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

This image is made available under the Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 4.0 license terms.

Keywords: ash plume | ash | plume | eruption | explosive eruption | steam | lava water interaction | fissure

Krafla