Sixty explosions were recorded at Minami-dake cone in January, . . . marking the highest monthly total since December 1985. The month's highest ash cloud rose > 2,500 m at 0906 on 16 January, and a car windshield was cracked by lapilli during an explosion at 1725 on 2 January. A total of 206 g/m² of ash was deposited [at KLMO] during the month . . . . Seismicity was higher than usual, with earthquake swarms on 5, 7, 9, 10, 15, 19, 20, and 26 January. Similar activity continued through early February.

Geological Summary. The Aira caldera in the northern half of Kagoshima Bay contains the post-caldera Sakurajima volcano, one of Japan's most active. Eruption of the voluminous Ito pyroclastic flow accompanied formation of the 17 x 23 km caldera about 22,000 years ago. The smaller Wakamiko caldera was formed during the early Holocene in the NE corner of the Aira caldera, along with several post-caldera cones. The construction of Sakurajima began about 13,000 years ago on the southern rim of Aira caldera and built an island that was finally joined to the Osumi Peninsula during the major explosive and effusive eruption of 1914. Activity at the Kitadake summit cone ended about 4850 years ago, after which eruptions took place at Minamidake. Frequent historical eruptions, recorded since the 8th century, have deposited ash on Kagoshima, one of Kyushu's largest cities, located across Kagoshima Bay only 8 km from the summit. The largest historical eruption took place during 1471-76.

Information Contacts: JMA.