Report on Nyamulagira (DR Congo) — December 1981
Scientific Event Alert Network Bulletin, vol. 6, no. 12 (December 1981)
Managing Editor: Lindsay McClelland.
Nyamulagira (DR Congo) Fissure eruption; lava flow and tephra column
Please cite this report as:
Global Volcanism Program, 1981. Report on Nyamulagira (DR Congo) (McClelland, L., ed.). Scientific Event Alert Network Bulletin, 6:12. Smithsonian Institution. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.GVP.SEAN198112-223020
Nyamulagira
DR Congo
1.408°S, 29.2°E; summit elev. 3058 m
All times are local (unless otherwise noted)
A 400-m-long fissure opened before dawn 26 December in the saddle between Nyamuragira and Nyiragongo. The exact location of the fissure was not known at press time, but there are numerous old vents within the 14 km, NNW-trending rift zone between the two volcanoes. Activity began, probably at about 0130, with a strong explosion from the upper end of the fissure (at 2,300 m altitude) that ejected a 3-4 km-high tephra cloud. After the initial explosion, lava was extruded from the lower end of the fissure and flowed N. Residents fled the area. Images from the NOAA 7 satellite showed a large hot area between the volcanoes at 0230 on 27 December that had not been present 24 hours earlier. By the afternoon of 30 December, the lava flow was 15-20 km long, but only 300-400 m wide. Lava fountaining was continuing and a cone was growing at the vent. Tephra ejection was also continuing, preventing aircraft from flying near the active fissure, although it was not as vigorous as during the initial explosion.
Shallow earthquakes occurred 18 November at 1118 and 1234 at 2.11°S, 22.83°E and 2.22°S, 22.52°E, about 725 km ESE of Nyamuragira in an area that is not normally seismically active. Kampala Domestic Service reported a felt earthquake in the Bushenyi district of Uganda, ~150 km NE of Nyamuragira at 0300 on 30 December.
Geological Summary. Africa's most active volcano, Nyamulagira (also known as Nyamuragira), is a massive high-potassium basaltic shield about 25 km N of Lake Kivu and 13 km NNW of the steep-sided Nyiragongo volcano. The summit is truncated by a small 2 x 2.3 km caldera that has walls up to about 100 m high. Documented eruptions have occurred within the summit caldera, as well as from the numerous flank fissures and cinder cones. A lava lake in the summit crater, active since at least 1921, drained in 1938, at the time of a major flank eruption. Recent lava flows extend down the flanks more than 30 km from the summit as far as Lake Kivu; extensive lava flows from this volcano have covered 1,500 km2 of the western branch of the East African Rift.
Information Contacts: M. Krafft, Cernay; M. Matson, NOAA; USGS/NEIS; Kampala Domestic Service, Uganda; WCBS Radio, USA.