Global Volcanism Program | Emuruangogolak

The Global Volcanism Program has no activity reports available for Emuruangogolak.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Weekly Reports available for Emuruangogolak.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Bulletin Reports available for Emuruangogolak.

Basic Data

Volcano Number

Last Known Eruption

Elevation

Latitude
Longitude

222051

1910 CE

1,285 m / 4,216 ft

1.5°N
36.33°E

Morphology

Volcano Landform
Shield

Volcano Types
Shield
Caldera
Pyroclastic cone(s)

Rock Types

Major
Trachyte / Trachydacite
Basalt / Picro-Basalt

Tectonic Setting

Rift zone
Continental crust (> 25 km)

Population

Within 5 km
Within 10 km
Within 30 km
Within 100 km

80
252
4,448
445,177

Geological Summary

The broad Emuruangogolak shield volcano is situated at a narrow constriction in the Gregory Rift and almost completely straddles it. A 5 x 3.5 km summit caldera formed about 38,000 years ago. Since then trachytic and basaltic lava flows were erupted on the northern and southern flanks and within the caldera. A NNE-SSW-trending chain of lake-filled basaltic maars extends along the floor of the rift from the lower flanks of the volcano. Young lava flows were also erupted from vents along rift valley faults. Well-preserved cones erupted along rift-parallel faults cutting the volcano; the latest eruption produced a trachytic lava flow dated from secular magnetic variation measurements at about the beginning of the 20th century. Fumarolic activity and hot steaming ground occurs along NNE-trending fissures within the caldera and along the lower NW flanks.

References

The following references have all been used during the compilation of data for this volcano, it is not a comprehensive bibliography.

Dunkley P N, Smith M, Allen D A, Darling W G, 1993. The geothermal activity and geology of the northern sector of the Kenya Rift Valley. Brit Geol Surv Res Rpt, SC/93/1: 1-185.

Key R M, 1987. Geology of the Maralal area. Rpt Mines Geol Dept Kenya, 105: 1-93.

Skinner N J, Iles W, Brock A, 1975. The recent secular variation of declination and inclination in Kenya. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 25: 338-346.

Weaver S D, 1976-77. The Quaternary caldera volcano Emuruangogolak, Kenya Rift, and the petrology of a bimodal ferrobasalt pantelleritic trachyte association. Bull Volcanol, 40: 209-230.

Williams L A J, Macdonald R, Chapman G R, 1984. Late Quaternary caldera volcanoes of the Kenya Rift Valley. J. Geophys. Res, 89: 8553-8570.

Eruptive History

There is data available for 8 confirmed Holocene eruptive periods.

1910 ± 50 years Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) VEI: 0

Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive)

South caldera rim

1910 ± 50 years - Unknown

Evidence from Correlation: Magnetism

List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at South caldera rim

Start Date	End Date	Event Type
- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow
- - - -	- - - -	Cinder Cone
1910 ± 50 years	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1700 ± 100 years Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) VEI: 0

Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive)

South caldera rim

1700 ± 100 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at South caldera rim

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow
	1700 ± 100 years	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1300 ± 150 years Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) VEI: 0

Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive)

NE flank

1300 ± 150 years - Unknown

Evidence from Correlation: Magnetism

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at NE flank

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow
	1300 ± 150 years	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1230 ± 150 years Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) VEI: 0

Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive)

NE flank

1230 ± 150 years - Unknown

Evidence from Correlation: Magnetism

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at NE flank

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow
	1230 ± 150 years	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1160 ± 150 years Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) VEI: 0

Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive)

NE flank

1160 ± 150 years - Unknown

Evidence from Correlation: Magnetism

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at NE flank

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow
	1160 ± 150 years	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1120 ± 150 years Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) VEI: 0

Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive)

North flank

1120 ± 150 years - Unknown

Evidence from Correlation: Magnetism

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at North flank

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow
	1120 ± 150 years	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

6550 BCE ± 1500 years Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive)

Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive)

North flank

6550 BCE ± 1500 years - Unknown

Evidence from Correlation: Tephrochronology

List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at North flank

Start Date	End Date	Event Type
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow
- - - -	- - - -	Cinder Cone

8050 BCE ± 1000 years Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive)

Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive)

North flank

8050 BCE ± 1000 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 1 Events for Episode 1 at North flank

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow

This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.

Cones

Feature Name

Feature Type

Elevation

Latitude

Longitude

Emuruepoli

Cone

1285 m

1° 30' 4.00" N

36° 21' 11.00" E

Enambaba

Cone

1107 m

1° 31' 40.00" N

36° 19' 1.00" E

Kapusikeju

Cone

1204 m

1° 29' 9.00" N

36° 20' 2.00" E

Losetom

Tuff cone

762 m

1° 34' 6.00" N

36° 22' 23.00" E

Nakot

Cone

1195 m

1° 31' 28.00" N

36° 21' 18.00" E

Craters

Feature Name

Feature Type

Elevation

Latitude

Longitude

Kangirinyang

Maar

337 m

1° 42' 42.00" N

36° 26' 22.00" E

Thermal

Feature Name

Feature Type

Elevation

Latitude

Longitude

Nangarabat Springs

Hot Spring

Suguta River Hot Springs

Hot Spring

Photo Gallery

The broad Emuruangogolak shield volcano is situated at a narrow constriction in the East African Rift. The volcano is capped by a 5 x 3.5 km wide summit caldera. The trachytic lava cone of Emuruepoli and its associated dome are visible on the N rim of the caldera. Since caldera formation about 38,000 years ago, trachytic and basaltic lava flows have been erupted within the caldera and on the flanks. The latest eruption occurred less than one hundred years ago.

Photo by Martin Smith, 1993 (copyright British Geological Survey, NERC).

Smithsonian Sample Collections Database

There are no samples for Emuruangogolak in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences Rock and Ore collection.

External Sites

Copernicus Browser

The Copernicus Browser replaced the Sentinel Hub Playground browser in 2023, to provide access to Earth observation archives from the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, the main distribution platform for data from the EU Copernicus missions.

MIROVA

Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity (MIROVA) is a near real time volcanic hot-spot detection system based on the analysis of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. In particular, MIROVA uses the Middle InfraRed Radiation (MIR), measured over target volcanoes, in order to detect, locate and measure the heat radiation sourced from volcanic activity.

MODVOLC Thermal Alerts

Using infrared satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, scientists at the Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i, developed an automated system called MODVOLC to map thermal hot-spots in near real time. For each MODIS image, the algorithm automatically scans each 1 km pixel within it to check for high-temperature hot-spots. When one is found the date, time, location, and intensity are recorded. MODIS looks at every square km of the Earth every 48 hours, once during the day and once during the night, and the presence of two MODIS sensors in space allows at least four hot-spot observations every two days. Each day updated global maps are compiled to display the locations of all hot spots detected in the previous 24 hours. There is a drop-down list with volcano names which allow users to 'zoom-in' and examine the distribution of hot-spots at a variety of spatial scales.

WOVOdat
   Single Volcano View
   Temporal Evolution of Unrest
   Side by Side Volcanoes

WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. It is sponsored by the World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO) and presently hosted at the Earth Observatory of Singapore.

GVMID Data on Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure The Global Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure Database GVMID, is aimed at documenting and improving capabilities of volcano monitoring from the ground and space. GVMID should provide a snapshot and baseline view of the techniques and instrumentation that are in place at various volcanoes, which can be use by volcano observatories as reference to setup new monitoring system or improving networks at a specific volcano. These data will allow identification of what monitoring gaps exist, which can be then targeted by remote sensing infrastructure and future instrument deployments.

Volcanic Hazard Maps

The IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Hazards and Risk has a Volcanic Hazard Maps database designed to serve as a resource for hazard mappers (or other interested parties) to explore how common issues in hazard map development have been addressed at different volcanoes, in different countries, for different hazards, and for different intended audiences. In addition to the comprehensive, searchable Volcanic Hazard Maps Database, this website contains information about diversity of volcanic hazard maps, illustrated using examples from the database. This site is for educational purposes related to volcanic hazard maps. Hazard maps found on this website should not be used for emergency purposes. For the most recent, official hazard map for a particular volcano, please seek out the proper institutional authorities on the matter.

IRIS seismic stations/networks

Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Services map showing the location of seismic stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 0.18° (about 20 km at mid-latitudes) from the given location of Emuruangogolak. Users can customize a variety of filters and options in the left panel. Note that if there are no stations are known the map will default to show the entire world with a "No data matched request" error notice.

UNAVCO GPS/GNSS stations

Geodetic Data Services map from UNAVCO showing the location of GPS/GNSS stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 20 km from the given location of Emuruangogolak. Users can customize the data search based on station or network names, location, and time window. Requires Adobe Flash Player.

DECADE Data

The DECADE portal, still in the developmental stage, serves as an example of the proposed interoperability between The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, the Mapping Gas Emissions (MaGa) Database, and the EarthChem Geochemical Portal. The Deep Earth Carbon Degassing (DECADE) initiative seeks to use new and established technologies to determine accurate global fluxes of volcanic CO₂ to the atmosphere, but installing CO₂ monitoring networks on 20 of the world's 150 most actively degassing volcanoes. The group uses related laboratory-based studies (direct gas sampling and analysis, melt inclusions) to provide new data for direct degassing of deep earth carbon to the atmosphere.

Large Eruptions of Emuruangogolak

Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LaMEVE) database of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA).

EarthChem

EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA). IEDA is a collaborative effort of EarthChem and the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS).