The Global Volcanism Program has no activity reports for Harrat Rahat.
The Global Volcanism Program has no Weekly Reports available for Harrat Rahat.
The Global Volcanism Program has no Bulletin Reports available for Harrat Rahat.
This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.
Synonyms |
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| Raha, Harrat er- | ||||
Cones |
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| Feature Name | Feature Type | Elevation | Latitude | Longitude |
| Bani Abdullah, Harrat | Volcanic field | 23° 30' 0" N | 40° 5' 0" E | |
| Hurus, Jabal al | Cone | 24° 16' 0" N | 39° 53' 0" E | |
| Ma'tan, Jabal | Cone | 24° 19' 0" N | 39° 50' 0" E | |
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Rashid, Harrat
Medina, Harrat el- Madinah, Harrat |
Volcanic field | 24° 15' 0" N | 39° 45' 0" E | |
| Turrah, Harrat | Volcanic field | 23° 0' 0" N | 40° 10' 0" E | |
Domes |
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| Feature Name | Feature Type | Elevation | Latitude | Longitude |
| Diba' Al Hurus, Jibal | Dome | 24° 14' 0" N | 39° 51' 0" E | |
| Umm Ruqubah, Jabal | Dome | 24° 5' 0" N | 39° 57' 0" E | |
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There is data available for 2 confirmed Holocene eruptive periods.
[ 1292 ] Uncertain Eruption
1256 Jun 5 - 1256 Jul 27 (?) Confirmed Eruption Max VEI: 3
| Episode 1 | Eruption Episode | Fissure 20 km SE of Madinah | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 1256 Jun 5 - 1256 Jul 27 (?) | Evidence from Observations: Reported | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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List of 8 Events for Episode 1 at Fissure 20 km SE of Madinah
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0641 Confirmed Eruption Max VEI: 2
| Episode 1 | Eruption Episode | West of Madinah | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0641 - Unknown | Evidence from Observations: Reported | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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List of 4 Events for Episode 1 at West of Madinah
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There is no Deformation History data available for Harrat Rahat.
There is no Emissions History data available for Harrat Rahat.
The northern part of Saudi Arabia's largest lava field, 20,000 km2 Harrat Rahat, is seen in this NASA International Space Station image (N to the top left). Harrat Rahat extends for 300 km S of the city of Madinah (Medina), the light-colored area at the top-center. Although basaltic scoria cones are more common, small shield volcanoes and lava domes are also present. The most well-known eruption took place in 1256 CE, when the large dark-colored flow seen extending to the upper right traveled 23 km to within 4 km of Madinah.
The northern part of the 20,000 km2 Harrat Rahat volcanic field, the largest in Saudia Arabia at 50-75 km wide and ~300 km long, is shown in this November 2019 Planet Labs satellite image monthly mosaic (N is at the top; this image is approximately 192 km across). Earlier work identified 986 vents across the field. Recent lava flows in the northern end encroach on the city of Al-Madinah.The maps shown below have been scanned from the GVP map archives and include the volcano on this page. Clicking on the small images will load the full 300 dpi map. Very small-scale maps (such as world maps) are not included. The maps database originated over 30 years ago, but was only recently updated and connected to our main database. We welcome users to tell us if they see incorrect information or other problems with the maps; please use the Contact GVP link at the bottom of the page to send us email.
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Title: Geologic Map of the Cenozoic Lava Field of Harrat Rahat, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Publisher: Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources Country: Saudi Arabia Year: 1991 Series: Geoscience Maps Map Type: Geology Scale: 1:250,000 |
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Title: Harrat Rahat, Saudi Arabia, Geol Map of the Cenozoic Lava Field Publisher: Min of Petroleum and Mineral Resources, S Arabia Country: Saudi Arabia Year: 1991 Series: GM Map Type: Geology Scale: 1:250,000 |
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Title: Geologic Map ot the Saudi Arabian Shield Publisher: US Geological Survey Country: Saudi Arabia Year: 1989 Series: Professional Paper 560-A Map Type: Geology Scale: 1:1,000,000 |
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Title: Map of Cenozoic Igneous Rocks of Saudi Arabia Publisher: US Geological Survey Country: Saudi Arabia Year: 1989 Series: Professional Paper 560-A Map Type: Geology Scale: 1:1,000,000 |
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Title: Geologic Map of the Rabigh Quadrangle, Sheet 22D, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Publisher: Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources Country: Saudi Arabia Year: 1986 Series: Geoscience Maps Map Type: Geology Scale: 1:250,000 |
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Title: Geologic Map of the Rabigh Quad, Sheet 22D, Saudi Arabia Publisher: Saudi Arabia Min. of Petrol. and Mineral Resources Country: Saudi Arabia Year: 1986 Series: Geoscience Maps Map Type: Geology Scale: 1:250,000 |
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Title: Geographic Map of the Umm Al Birak Quad, Sheet 23D, Saudi Arabia Publisher: Saudi Arabia Min. of Petrol. and Mineral Resources Country: Saudi Arabia Year: 1985 Series: Geoscience Maps Map Type: Geographic Scale: 1:250,000 |
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Title: Geographic Map of the Arabian Peninsula Publisher: Dept Min for Mineral Resources, MPMR, Saudi Arabia Country: Saudi Arabia Year: 1984 Map Type: Geographic Scale: 1:2,000,000 |
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Title: Geographic Map of the Rabigh Quad, Sheet 22D, Saudi Arabia Publisher: Saudi Arabia Min. of Petrol. and Mineral Resources Country: Saudi Arabia Year: 1984 Series: Geoscience Maps Map Type: Geographic Scale: 1:250,000 |
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Title: Geographic Map of the Al Hamra Quad, Sheet 23C, Saudi Arabia Publisher: Saudi Arabia Min. of Petrol. and Mineral Resources Country: Saudi Arabia Year: 1981 Series: Geoscience Maps Map Type: Geographic Scale: 1:250,000 |
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Title: Egypt, Ethiopia, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Yemen Arab Rep. Publisher: DMA Aerospace Center Country: N Africa Year: 1981 Series: ONC Map Type: Topographic Scale: 1:1,000,000 |
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Title: Geologic Map of the Al Hamra' Quad, Sheet 23C, Saudi Arabia Publisher: Saudi Arabia Min. of Petrol. and Mineral Resources Country: Saudi Arabia Year: 1981 Series: Geoscience Maps Map Type: Geology Scale: 1:250,000 |
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Title: Arabian Peninsula Publisher: US Geological Survey Country: Arabia Year: 1963 Map Type: Geographic Scale: 1:2,000,000 |
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Title: Persian Gulf Publisher: Aeronautical Chart and Information Center U.S. Air Force Country: Arabia Year: 1958 Map Type: Geographic Scale: 1:2,000,000 |
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Title: Mecca Publisher: US Army Map Service Country: Saudi Arabia Year: 1943 Series: AMS Map Type: Topographic Scale: 1:1,000,000 |
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There are no samples for Harrat Rahat in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences Rock and Ore collection.
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WOVOdat
Single Volcano View Temporal Evolution of Unrest Side by Side Volcanoes |
WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. It is sponsored by the World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO) and presently hosted at the Earth Observatory of Singapore.
GVMID Data on Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure The Global Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure Database GVMID, is aimed at documenting and improving capabilities of volcano monitoring from the ground and space. GVMID should provide a snapshot and baseline view of the techniques and instrumentation that are in place at various volcanoes, which can be use by volcano observatories as reference to setup new monitoring system or improving networks at a specific volcano. These data will allow identification of what monitoring gaps exist, which can be then targeted by remote sensing infrastructure and future instrument deployments. |
| Volcanic Hazard Maps | The IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Hazards and Risk has a Volcanic Hazard Maps database designed to serve as a resource for hazard mappers (or other interested parties) to explore how common issues in hazard map development have been addressed at different volcanoes, in different countries, for different hazards, and for different intended audiences. In addition to the comprehensive, searchable Volcanic Hazard Maps Database, this website contains information about diversity of volcanic hazard maps, illustrated using examples from the database. This site is for educational purposes related to volcanic hazard maps. Hazard maps found on this website should not be used for emergency purposes. For the most recent, official hazard map for a particular volcano, please seek out the proper institutional authorities on the matter. |
| MIROVA | Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity (MIROVA) is a near real time volcanic hot-spot detection system based on the analysis of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. In particular, MIROVA uses the Middle InfraRed Radiation (MIR), measured over target volcanoes, in order to detect, locate and measure the heat radiation sourced from volcanic activity. |
| MODVOLC Thermal Alerts | Using infrared satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, scientists at the Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i, developed an automated system called MODVOLC to map thermal hot-spots in near real time. For each MODIS image, the algorithm automatically scans each 1 km pixel within it to check for high-temperature hot-spots. When one is found the date, time, location, and intensity are recorded. MODIS looks at every square km of the Earth every 48 hours, once during the day and once during the night, and the presence of two MODIS sensors in space allows at least four hot-spot observations every two days. Each day updated global maps are compiled to display the locations of all hot spots detected in the previous 24 hours. There is a drop-down list with volcano names which allow users to 'zoom-in' and examine the distribution of hot-spots at a variety of spatial scales. |
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Sentinel Hub Playground
Sentinel Hub EO Browser |
The Sentinel Hub Playground provides a quick look at any Sentinel-2 image in any combination of the bands and enhanced with image effects; Landsat 8, DEM and MODIS are also available. Sentinel Hub is an engine for processing of petabytes of satellite data. It is opening the doors for machine learning and helping hundreds of application developers worldwide. It makes Sentinel, Landsat, and other Earth observation imagery easily accessible for browsing, visualization and analysis. Sentinel Hub is operated by Sinergise |
| IRIS seismic stations/networks | Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Services map showing the location of seismic stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 0.18° (about 20 km at mid-latitudes) from the given location of Harrat Rahat. Users can customize a variety of filters and options in the left panel. Note that if there are no stations are known the map will default to show the entire world with a "No data matched request" error notice. |
| UNAVCO GPS/GNSS stations | Geodetic Data Services map from UNAVCO showing the location of GPS/GNSS stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 20 km from the given location of Harrat Rahat. Users can customize the data search based on station or network names, location, and time window. Requires Adobe Flash Player. |
| DECADE Data | The DECADE portal, still in the developmental stage, serves as an example of the proposed interoperability between The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, the Mapping Gas Emissions (MaGa) Database, and the EarthChem Geochemical Portal. The Deep Earth Carbon Degassing (DECADE) initiative seeks to use new and established technologies to determine accurate global fluxes of volcanic CO2 to the atmosphere, but installing CO2 monitoring networks on 20 of the world's 150 most actively degassing volcanoes. The group uses related laboratory-based studies (direct gas sampling and analysis, melt inclusions) to provide new data for direct degassing of deep earth carbon to the atmosphere. |
| Large Eruptions of Harrat Rahat | Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LaMEVE) database of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA). |
| EarthChem | EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA). IEDA is a collaborative effort of EarthChem and the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS). |
