Most Recent Weekly Report: 23 July-29 July 2003 Cite this Report

Based on an aircraft report, the Darwin VAAC reported that an eruption from Leroboleng on 29 July at 0900 lasted 10 minutes and produced an ash cloud to a height of ~7.3 km a.s.l.

Source: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC)

Most Recent Bulletin Report: July 2003 (BGVN 28:07) Cite this Report

Weekly Reports - Index

2003: June | July

23 July-29 July 2003 Cite this Report

Based on an aircraft report, the Darwin VAAC reported that an eruption from Leroboleng on 29 July at 0900 lasted 10 minutes and produced an ash cloud to a height of ~7.3 km a.s.l.

Source: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC)

9 July-15 July 2003 Cite this Report

Based on a pilot's report, the Darwin VAAC reported that an ash plume was visible above Leroboleng on 14 July at 1606 at a height of`~2.5 km. Ash was not visible on satellite imagery and VSI personnel could not observe the volcano.

Source: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC)

25 June-1 July 2003 Cite this Report

Based on information from an aircraft report, the Darwin VAAC reported that an ash plume from Leroboleng rose to ~1.8 km a.s.l. on 26 June. Ash was not visible on satellite imagery. Leroboleng has not erupted since the 19th century, and results from ground observations are pending.

Source: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC)

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This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.

Synonyms
Lewono | Leweno | Iliburak | Lereboleng | Leweroh | Lewero | Leworoh
Craters
Feature Name	Feature Type	Elevation	Latitude	Longitude
Burak	Crater	945 m
Gelimun     Gelimoen	Crater	967 m

Basic Data Volcano Number Last Known Eruption Elevation Latitude Longitude 264200 2003 CE 1095 m / 3593 ft 8.365°S 122.833°E Volcano Types Complex Rock Types Major Andesite / Basaltic Andesite Tectonic Setting Subduction zone Crustal thickness unknown Population Within 5 km Within 10 km Within 30 km Within 100 km 9,164 26,794 358,627 896,194

Geological Summary Leroboleng volcano, also known as Lereboleng or Lewono, lies at the eastern end of a 4.5-km-long, WSW-ESE-trending chain of three volcanoes straddling a narrow peninsula in NE Flores Island. The summit of Gunung Leroboleng contains 29 small fissure-controlled craters, two containing lakes. A small lava dome occupies one of the craters. Most of the craters originated along three N-S-trending fissures immediately east of the summit of the volcano. The largest crater, 250-m-wide Ili Gelimun, is located SSE of the summit and fed lava flows from a lower south-flank vent. Explosive eruptions were reported from Burak crater during the 19th century. References The following references have all been used during the compilation of data for this volcano, it is not a comprehensive bibliography. Kemmerling G L L, 1929. Vulkanen van Flores. Vulk Seism Meded Dienst Mijnw Ned-Indie, 10: 1-138. Kusumadinata K, 1979. Data Dasar Gunungapi Indonesia. Bandung: Volc Surv Indonesia, 820 p. Neumann van Padang M, 1951. Indonesia. Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World and Solfatara Fields, Rome: IAVCEI, 1: 1-271. Sudradjat A, 1977. (pers. comm.).

Eruptive History

There is data available for 4 confirmed Holocene eruptive periods.

Deformation History

There is no Deformation History data available for Leroboleng.

Emission History

There is no Emissions History data available for Leroboleng.

Photo Gallery

The summit of Leroboleng contains 29 small craters, with two containing lakes, and one containing a small lava dome. It is located at the eastern end of a 4.5-km-long, WSW-ESE-trending chain of three volcanoes within a narrow peninsula in NE Flores Island.

Photo by Volcanological Survey of Indonesia.

GVP Map Holdings

The maps shown below have been scanned from the GVP map archives and include the volcano on this page. Clicking on the small images will load the full 300 dpi map. Very small-scale maps (such as world maps) are not included. The maps database originated over 30 years ago, but was only recently updated and connected to our main database. We welcome users to tell us if they see incorrect information or other problems with the maps; please use the Contact GVP link at the bottom of the page to send us email.

Title: Australia, Indonesia Publisher: DMA & Defence Department, AIS, Melbourne,Australia Country: Indon, Australia Year: 1980 Series: ONC Map Type: Topographic Scale: 1:1,000,000
Title: Geology of Australia Publisher: BMR, Geology & Geophysics, Dept Natural Resources Country: Australia Year: 1976 Map Type: Geology Scale: 1:2,500,000
Title: Australia, Indonesia Publisher: DMA & Defence Department, AIS, Melbourne,Australia Country: Indon, Australia Year: 1971 Series: ONC Map Type: Topographic Scale: 1:1,000,000
Title: Ende Publisher: Director of Military Survey, UK Country: Indonesia Year: 1970 Series: 1501 Map Type: Topographic Scale: 1:250,000
Title: Boetoeng Publisher: US Army Map Service Country: Indonesia Year: 1944 Series: AMS Map Type: Topographic Scale: 1:1,000,000
Title: Koepang Publisher: US Army Map Service Country: Indonesia Year: 1944 Series: AMS Map Type: Topographic Scale: 1:1,000,000
Title: Ende Publisher: US Army Corps of Engineers Country: Indonesia Year: 1943 Series: T551 Map Type: Topographic Scale: 1:250,000
Title: Maoemere Publisher: US Army Corps of Engineers Country: Indonesia Year: 1943 Series: T551 Map Type: Topographic Scale: 1:250,000

Smithsonian Sample Collections Database

There are no samples for Leroboleng in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences Rock and Ore collection.

External Sites

WOVOdat    Single Volcano View    Temporal Evolution of Unrest    Side by Side Volcanoes	WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. It is sponsored by the World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO) and presently hosted at the Earth Observatory of Singapore. GVMID Data on Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure The Global Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure Database GVMID, is aimed at documenting and improving capabilities of volcano monitoring from the ground and space. GVMID should provide a snapshot and baseline view of the techniques and instrumentation that are in place at various volcanoes, which can be use by volcano observatories as reference to setup new monitoring system or improving networks at a specific volcano. These data will allow identification of what monitoring gaps exist, which can be then targeted by remote sensing infrastructure and future instrument deployments.
Volcanic Hazard Maps	The IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Hazards and Risk has a Volcanic Hazard Maps database designed to serve as a resource for hazard mappers (or other interested parties) to explore how common issues in hazard map development have been addressed at different volcanoes, in different countries, for different hazards, and for different intended audiences. In addition to the comprehensive, searchable Volcanic Hazard Maps Database, this website contains information about diversity of volcanic hazard maps, illustrated using examples from the database. This site is for educational purposes related to volcanic hazard maps. Hazard maps found on this website should not be used for emergency purposes. For the most recent, official hazard map for a particular volcano, please seek out the proper institutional authorities on the matter.
MIROVA	Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity (MIROVA) is a near real time volcanic hot-spot detection system based on the analysis of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. In particular, MIROVA uses the Middle InfraRed Radiation (MIR), measured over target volcanoes, in order to detect, locate and measure the heat radiation sourced from volcanic activity.
MODVOLC Thermal Alerts	Using infrared satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, scientists at the Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i, developed an automated system called MODVOLC to map thermal hot-spots in near real time. For each MODIS image, the algorithm automatically scans each 1 km pixel within it to check for high-temperature hot-spots. When one is found the date, time, location, and intensity are recorded. MODIS looks at every square km of the Earth every 48 hours, once during the day and once during the night, and the presence of two MODIS sensors in space allows at least four hot-spot observations every two days. Each day updated global maps are compiled to display the locations of all hot spots detected in the previous 24 hours. There is a drop-down list with volcano names which allow users to 'zoom-in' and examine the distribution of hot-spots at a variety of spatial scales.
Sentinel Hub Playground Sentinel Hub EO Browser	The Sentinel Hub Playground provides a quick look at any Sentinel-2 image in any combination of the bands and enhanced with image effects; Landsat 8, DEM and MODIS are also available. Sentinel Hub is an engine for processing of petabytes of satellite data. It is opening the doors for machine learning and helping hundreds of application developers worldwide. It makes Sentinel, Landsat, and other Earth observation imagery easily accessible for browsing, visualization and analysis. Sentinel Hub is operated by Sinergise
IRIS seismic stations/networks	Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Services map showing the location of seismic stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 0.18° (about 20 km at mid-latitudes) from the given location of Leroboleng. Users can customize a variety of filters and options in the left panel. Note that if there are no stations are known the map will default to show the entire world with a "No data matched request" error notice.
UNAVCO GPS/GNSS stations	Geodetic Data Services map from UNAVCO showing the location of GPS/GNSS stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 20 km from the given location of Leroboleng. Users can customize the data search based on station or network names, location, and time window. Requires Adobe Flash Player.
DECADE Data	The DECADE portal, still in the developmental stage, serves as an example of the proposed interoperability between The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, the Mapping Gas Emissions (MaGa) Database, and the EarthChem Geochemical Portal. The Deep Earth Carbon Degassing (DECADE) initiative seeks to use new and established technologies to determine accurate global fluxes of volcanic CO2 to the atmosphere, but installing CO2 monitoring networks on 20 of the world's 150 most actively degassing volcanoes. The group uses related laboratory-based studies (direct gas sampling and analysis, melt inclusions) to provide new data for direct degassing of deep earth carbon to the atmosphere.
Large Eruptions of Leroboleng	Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LaMEVE) database of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA).
EarthChem	EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA). IEDA is a collaborative effort of EarthChem and the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS).