Global Volcanism Program

The Global Volcanism Program has no activity reports available for Milna.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Weekly Reports available for Milna.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Bulletin Reports available for Milna.

Basic Data

Volcano Number

Last Known Eruption

Elevation

Latitude
Longitude

290161

1914 CE

1,504 m / 4,934 ft

46.815°N
151.786°E

Morphology

Volcano Landform
Composite

Volcano Types
Stratovolcano
Lava dome

Rock Types

Major
Andesite / Basaltic Andesite

Tectonic Setting

Subduction zone
Oceanic crust (< 15 km)

Population

Within 5 km
Within 10 km
Within 30 km
Within 100 km

43
47
49
188

Geological Summary

Milna (or Mil'na) is the southernmost volcano on Simushir Island in the central Kuriles, and includes the Goriaschaia Sopka lava dome on the NW flank. The outer flanks of the steep-sided 1500-m-high volcano are dissected by deep gullies. A 3-km-wide caldera breached widely to the SE was formed during the Pleistocene and became a center of glaciation. A small central cone capped by an andesitic lava dome was constructed within the caldera during postglacial time and forms the highest point on Simushir Island. Lava flows from the cone descend 4-5 km to the sea. Goriaschaia Sopka, previously identified as a distinct volcano, is a historically active andesitic lava dome that grew just beyond what appears to be a NE-SW erosional scarp along the NW flank. Numerous fresh lava flows with prominent marginal levees extend from the dome, with some reaching the sea. It may have formed as recently as the late-19th century; dominantly mild-to-moderate explosive eruptions have occurred since 1842.

References

The following references have all been used during the compilation of data for this volcano, it is not a comprehensive bibliography.

Gorshkov G S, 1958. Kurile Islands. Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World and Solfatara Fields, Rome: IAVCEI, 7: 1-99.

Gorshkov G S, 1970. Volcanism and the Upper Mantle; Investigations in the Kurile Island Arc. New York: Plenum Publishing Corp, 385 p.

Murayama I, 1987. Volcanoes of Japan (I). Tokyo: Daimedo, 315 p (2nd edition, in Japanese).

Eruptive History

There is data available for 5 confirmed Holocene eruptive periods.

[ 1944 ] Uncertain Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive)

Goriaschaia Sopka

1944 - Unknown

Evidence from Unknown

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Goriaschaia Sopka

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion	Uncertain
	1944	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1914 Jun 4 - 1914 Jun 4 Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive)

Goriaschaia Sopka

1914 Jun 4 - 1914 Jun 4

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at Goriaschaia Sopka

Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion	weak or small
- - - -	- - - -	Ash
1914 Jun 4	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1883 Apr 15 ± 45 days Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) VEI: 1

Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive)

Goriaschaia Sopka

1883 Apr 15 ± 45 days - Unknown

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Goriaschaia Sopka

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Lava dome	Uncertain
	1883 Apr 15 ± 45 days	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1881 Sep Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive)

Goriaschaia Sopka

1881 Sep - Unknown

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at Goriaschaia Sopka

Start Date	End Date	Event Type
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow
1881 Sep	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1849 Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive)

Goriaschaia Sopka

1849 - Unknown

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Goriaschaia Sopka

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
	1849	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1842 Jun Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) VEI: 3 (?)

Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive)

Goriaschaia Sopka

1842 Jun - Unknown

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Goriaschaia Sopka

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
	1842 Jun	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.

Synonyms

Milne | Shimushiru-dake | Mil'na

Cones

Feature Name

Feature Type

Elevation

Latitude

Longitude

Milna

Somma

1504 m

46° 48' 53.00" N

151° 47' 11.00" E

Domes

Feature Name

Feature Type

Elevation

Latitude

Longitude

Goriaschaia Sopka
    Yaki
    Goryashchaya Sopka
    Shinshiru-dake

Dome

856 m

46° 49' 52.00" N

151° 45' 14.00" E

Photo Gallery

Milne, the southernmost volcano on Simushir Island, lies immediately SE of Goriaschaia volcano (far left) in this Space Shuttle image (N is to the upper left). The walls of a 3-km-wide Pleistocene crater that opens towards the sea are visible in the lower half of the image. The small, mostly snow-free central cone near the crater headwall contains a lava dome that was constructed during postglacial time and forms the highest point on the island.

NASA International Space Station image ISS005-E-6511, 2002 (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/).

Goriaschaia Sopka dome and the Milne cone are shown here on the SW end of Simushir Island. Milne is the larger snow-capped peak and Goriaschaia Sopka is on the NW flank within a large open crater. The dome has produced lava flows that form the irregular shoreline to the N, some of which are visible in this NASA Space Shuttle image.

NASA Space Shuttle image STS112-E-5671, 2002 (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/).

Milna is the southernmost volcano on Simushir island, shown in this August 2020 Planet Labs satellite image monthly mosaic (N is at the top; this image is approximately 13 km across). There is a large scarp across the SE side of the island, opening towards the sea. Within the scarp is a lava dome that grew higher than the scarp walls, and on the NW flank is the Goriaschaia Sopka lava dome with lobate lava flows extending the coastline.

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2020 (https://www.planet.com/).

Smithsonian Sample Collections Database

There are no samples for Milna in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences Rock and Ore collection.

External Sites

Copernicus Browser

The Copernicus Browser replaced the Sentinel Hub Playground browser in 2023, to provide access to Earth observation archives from the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, the main distribution platform for data from the EU Copernicus missions.

MIROVA

Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity (MIROVA) is a near real time volcanic hot-spot detection system based on the analysis of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. In particular, MIROVA uses the Middle InfraRed Radiation (MIR), measured over target volcanoes, in order to detect, locate and measure the heat radiation sourced from volcanic activity.

MODVOLC Thermal Alerts

Using infrared satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, scientists at the Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i, developed an automated system called MODVOLC to map thermal hot-spots in near real time. For each MODIS image, the algorithm automatically scans each 1 km pixel within it to check for high-temperature hot-spots. When one is found the date, time, location, and intensity are recorded. MODIS looks at every square km of the Earth every 48 hours, once during the day and once during the night, and the presence of two MODIS sensors in space allows at least four hot-spot observations every two days. Each day updated global maps are compiled to display the locations of all hot spots detected in the previous 24 hours. There is a drop-down list with volcano names which allow users to 'zoom-in' and examine the distribution of hot-spots at a variety of spatial scales.

WOVOdat
   Single Volcano View
   Temporal Evolution of Unrest
   Side by Side Volcanoes

WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. It is sponsored by the World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO) and presently hosted at the Earth Observatory of Singapore.

GVMID Data on Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure The Global Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure Database GVMID, is aimed at documenting and improving capabilities of volcano monitoring from the ground and space. GVMID should provide a snapshot and baseline view of the techniques and instrumentation that are in place at various volcanoes, which can be use by volcano observatories as reference to setup new monitoring system or improving networks at a specific volcano. These data will allow identification of what monitoring gaps exist, which can be then targeted by remote sensing infrastructure and future instrument deployments.

Volcanic Hazard Maps

The IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Hazards and Risk has a Volcanic Hazard Maps database designed to serve as a resource for hazard mappers (or other interested parties) to explore how common issues in hazard map development have been addressed at different volcanoes, in different countries, for different hazards, and for different intended audiences. In addition to the comprehensive, searchable Volcanic Hazard Maps Database, this website contains information about diversity of volcanic hazard maps, illustrated using examples from the database. This site is for educational purposes related to volcanic hazard maps. Hazard maps found on this website should not be used for emergency purposes. For the most recent, official hazard map for a particular volcano, please seek out the proper institutional authorities on the matter.

IRIS seismic stations/networks

Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Services map showing the location of seismic stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 0.18° (about 20 km at mid-latitudes) from the given location of Milna. Users can customize a variety of filters and options in the left panel. Note that if there are no stations are known the map will default to show the entire world with a "No data matched request" error notice.

UNAVCO GPS/GNSS stations

Geodetic Data Services map from UNAVCO showing the location of GPS/GNSS stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 20 km from the given location of Milna. Users can customize the data search based on station or network names, location, and time window. Requires Adobe Flash Player.

DECADE Data

The DECADE portal, still in the developmental stage, serves as an example of the proposed interoperability between The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, the Mapping Gas Emissions (MaGa) Database, and the EarthChem Geochemical Portal. The Deep Earth Carbon Degassing (DECADE) initiative seeks to use new and established technologies to determine accurate global fluxes of volcanic CO₂ to the atmosphere, but installing CO₂ monitoring networks on 20 of the world's 150 most actively degassing volcanoes. The group uses related laboratory-based studies (direct gas sampling and analysis, melt inclusions) to provide new data for direct degassing of deep earth carbon to the atmosphere.

Large Eruptions of Milna

Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LaMEVE) database of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA).

EarthChem

EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA). IEDA is a collaborative effort of EarthChem and the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS).