Global Volcanism Program

The Global Volcanism Program has no activity reports available for Arxan-Chaihe.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Weekly Reports available for Arxan-Chaihe.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Bulletin Reports available for Arxan-Chaihe.

This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.

Synonyms

Arshan | Motianling Group

Cones

Feature Name

Feature Type

Elevation

Latitude

Longitude

Aershan

Cone - Crater

1325 m

47° 19' 6" N

120° 24' 34" E

Gaoshan

Pyroclastic cone

1677 m

47° 22' 8" N

120° 39' 4" E

Heixiazidong

Cone

1201 m

47° 31' 19" N

121° 3' 35" E

Moon Lake

Cone - Crater

1190 m

47° 30' 27" N

120° 52' 4" E

Shuanggoushan

Cone - Crater

1499 m

47° 27' 34" N

120° 43' 21" E

Taiyangchi

Cone - Crater

1450 m

47° 23' 27" N

120° 44' 18" E

Tuofengling

Cone - Crater

1339 m

47° 27' 32" N

120° 38' 42" E

Xiaodonggu

Cone

1221 m

47° 18' 26" N

120° 29' 48" E

Craters

Feature Name

Feature Type

Elevation

Latitude

Longitude

Shihaopendi

Crater - Cone

1513 m

47° 20' 19" N

120° 34' 33" E

Sifangshan

Crater - Cone

1248 m

47° 15' 35" N

120° 26' 58" E

Tongxin
Onenor

Crater

611 m

47° 34' 27" N

121° 17' 29" E

Yanshan

Crater - Cone

1601 m

47° 21' 26" N

120° 37' 28" E

Basic Data

Volcano Number

Last Known Eruption

Elevation

Latitude
Longitude

305011

0 CE

1,677 m / 5,502 ft

47.45°N
120.8°E

Morphology

Volcano Landform
Cluster

Volcano Types
Volcanic field
Pyroclastic cone(s)

Rock Types

Major
Basalt / Picro-Basalt

Tectonic Setting

Intraplate
Continental crust (> 25 km)

Population

Within 5 km
Within 10 km
Within 30 km
Within 100 km

6,435
6,435
6,435
188,163

Geological Summary

The Arxan-Chaihe Volcanic Field, in the central Da Hinggan Mountains of Inner Mongolia in NE China, contains at least 27 volcanic features. The youngest cones, including Yanshan and Gaoshan, produced basaltic lava flows that blocked drainages of the Halahale River and created six lava-dammed lakes. Radiocarbon dates from scoria deposits document eruptions about 2,000-1,900 years ago. The area has been designated as a National Geopark.

This volcano is located within the Arxan, a UNESCO Global Geopark property.

References

The following references have all been used during the compilation of data for this volcano, it is not a comprehensive bibliography.

Bai Z, Tian M, Wu F, Xu D, Li T, 2005. Yanshan, Gaoshan--two active volcanoes of the volcanic cluster in Arshan, Inner Mongolia. Earthq Res China, 19(4): 402-408.

Nemeth K, Wu J, Sun C, Liu J, 2017. Update on the Volcanic Geoheritage Values of the Pliocene to Quaternary Arxan–Chaihe Volcanic Field, Inner Mongolia, China. Geoheritage. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-017-0224-5

Sun C, Liu Q, Wu J, Nemeth K, Wang L, Zhao Y, Chu G, Liu J, 2016. The first tephra evidence for a Late Glacial explosive volcanic eruption in the Arxan-Chaihe volcanic field (ACVF), northeast China. Quaternary Geochronology . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2016.10.003

Eruptive History

There is data available for 1 confirmed Holocene eruptive periods.

0000 ± 150 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

0000 ± 150 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
	- - - -	- - - -	Scoria

Deformation History

There is no Deformation History data available for Arxan-Chaihe.

Emission History

There is no Emissions History data available for Arxan-Chaihe.

Photo Gallery

A portion of the Arxan-Chaihe volcanic field spanning approximately 32 km across is shown in this September 2018 Planet Labs satellite image monthly mosaic (N is at the top; this image is approximately 32 km across). There is a NE-SW trend of scoria cones, craters, and maars across the image, including Aershan just north of Tianchizhen town (in the western side of the image), the smaller Dichi lake to the E, the larger Shihaopendi complex crater near the center of this image, and Yanshan and Gaoshan NE of there.

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2018 (https://www.planet.com/).

The Arxan-Chaihe volcanic field covers around 2,000 km² with at least 47 identified vents, some of which can be seen in a NE-SW trend through the center of this September 2019 Planet Labs satellite image monthly mosaic (N is at the top; this image is approximately 69 km across). As well as eruptions producing spatter cones and lava flows, there are phreatomagmatic vents and fissure-controlled vents.

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2018 (https://www.planet.com/).

GVP Map Holdings

Maps are not currently available due to technical issues.

The maps shown below have been scanned from the GVP map archives and include the volcano on this page. Clicking on the small images will load the full 300 dpi map. Very small-scale maps (such as world maps) are not included.

Smithsonian Sample Collections Database

There are no samples for Arxan-Chaihe in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences Rock and Ore collection.

External Sites

Copernicus Browser

The Copernicus Browser replaced the Sentinel Hub Playground browser in 2023, to provide access to Earth observation archives from the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, the main distribution platform for data from the EU Copernicus missions.

MIROVA

Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity (MIROVA) is a near real time volcanic hot-spot detection system based on the analysis of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. In particular, MIROVA uses the Middle InfraRed Radiation (MIR), measured over target volcanoes, in order to detect, locate and measure the heat radiation sourced from volcanic activity.

MODVOLC Thermal Alerts

Using infrared satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, scientists at the Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i, developed an automated system called MODVOLC to map thermal hot-spots in near real time. For each MODIS image, the algorithm automatically scans each 1 km pixel within it to check for high-temperature hot-spots. When one is found the date, time, location, and intensity are recorded. MODIS looks at every square km of the Earth every 48 hours, once during the day and once during the night, and the presence of two MODIS sensors in space allows at least four hot-spot observations every two days. Each day updated global maps are compiled to display the locations of all hot spots detected in the previous 24 hours. There is a drop-down list with volcano names which allow users to 'zoom-in' and examine the distribution of hot-spots at a variety of spatial scales.

WOVOdat
   Single Volcano View
   Temporal Evolution of Unrest
   Side by Side Volcanoes

WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. It is sponsored by the World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO) and presently hosted at the Earth Observatory of Singapore.

GVMID Data on Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure The Global Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure Database GVMID, is aimed at documenting and improving capabilities of volcano monitoring from the ground and space. GVMID should provide a snapshot and baseline view of the techniques and instrumentation that are in place at various volcanoes, which can be use by volcano observatories as reference to setup new monitoring system or improving networks at a specific volcano. These data will allow identification of what monitoring gaps exist, which can be then targeted by remote sensing infrastructure and future instrument deployments.

Volcanic Hazard Maps

The IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Hazards and Risk has a Volcanic Hazard Maps database designed to serve as a resource for hazard mappers (or other interested parties) to explore how common issues in hazard map development have been addressed at different volcanoes, in different countries, for different hazards, and for different intended audiences. In addition to the comprehensive, searchable Volcanic Hazard Maps Database, this website contains information about diversity of volcanic hazard maps, illustrated using examples from the database. This site is for educational purposes related to volcanic hazard maps. Hazard maps found on this website should not be used for emergency purposes. For the most recent, official hazard map for a particular volcano, please seek out the proper institutional authorities on the matter.

IRIS seismic stations/networks

Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Services map showing the location of seismic stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 0.18° (about 20 km at mid-latitudes) from the given location of Arxan-Chaihe. Users can customize a variety of filters and options in the left panel. Note that if there are no stations are known the map will default to show the entire world with a "No data matched request" error notice.

UNAVCO GPS/GNSS stations

Geodetic Data Services map from UNAVCO showing the location of GPS/GNSS stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 20 km from the given location of Arxan-Chaihe. Users can customize the data search based on station or network names, location, and time window. Requires Adobe Flash Player.

DECADE Data

The DECADE portal, still in the developmental stage, serves as an example of the proposed interoperability between The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, the Mapping Gas Emissions (MaGa) Database, and the EarthChem Geochemical Portal. The Deep Earth Carbon Degassing (DECADE) initiative seeks to use new and established technologies to determine accurate global fluxes of volcanic CO₂ to the atmosphere, but installing CO₂ monitoring networks on 20 of the world's 150 most actively degassing volcanoes. The group uses related laboratory-based studies (direct gas sampling and analysis, melt inclusions) to provide new data for direct degassing of deep earth carbon to the atmosphere.

Large Eruptions of Arxan-Chaihe

Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LaMEVE) database of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA).

EarthChem

EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA). IEDA is a collaborative effort of EarthChem and the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS).