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Haleakala

Photo of this volcano
  • Country
  • Volcanic Region
  • Landform | Volc Type
  • Last Known Eruption
  • 20.708°N
  • 156.25°W

  • 3,055 m
    10,023 ft

  • 332060
  • Latitude
  • Longitude

  • Summit
    Elevation

  • Volcano
    Number

The Global Volcanism Program has no activity reports available for Haleakala.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Weekly Reports available for Haleakala.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Bulletin Reports available for Haleakala.

This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.

Eruptive History

There is data available for 40 confirmed Holocene eruptive periods.

1750 (?) Confirmed Eruption  

Episode 1 | Eruption SW rift zone (180-360 m), Kalua o Lapa flow
1750 (?) - Unknown Evidence from Correlation: Anthropology

List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at SW rift zone (180-360 m), Kalua o Lapa flow

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow Entered water.

1460 ± 75 years Confirmed Eruption  

Episode 1 | Eruption East rift zone, Kawaipapa lava flow
1460 ± 75 years - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 1 Events for Episode 1 at East rift zone, Kawaipapa lava flow

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow

1420 ± 100 years Confirmed Eruption  

Episode 1 | Eruption SW rift zone
1420 ± 100 years - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at SW rift zone

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow

1360 ± 100 years Confirmed Eruption  

Episode 1 | Eruption SW rift zone (~1600 m), Makua flow
1360 ± 100 years - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at SW rift zone (~1600 m), Makua flow

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow

1350 ± 150 years Confirmed Eruption  

Episode 1 | Eruption SW rift zone (~1500 m), Keonehunehune flow
1350 ± 150 years - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at SW rift zone (~1500 m), Keonehunehune flow

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow

1200 ± 75 years Confirmed Eruption  

Episode 1 | Eruption SW rift zone (~1200 m)
1200 ± 75 years - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at SW rift zone (~1200 m)

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow Entered water.

1080 ± 40 years Confirmed Eruption  

Episode 1 | Eruption North crater wall (Hanakauhi flow)
1080 ± 40 years - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 1 Events for Episode 1 at North crater wall (Hanakauhi flow)

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow

1020 ± 50 years Confirmed Eruption  

Episode 1 | Eruption SW rift zone, Mauka flow
1020 ± 50 years - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 1 Events for Episode 1 at SW rift zone, Mauka flow

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow

1010 ± 40 years Confirmed Eruption  

Episode 1 | Eruption Haleakala crater (Halali'i)
1010 ± 40 years - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Haleakala crater (Halali'i)

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow

0990 ± 50 years Confirmed Eruption  

Episode 1 | Eruption East rift zone, Puu Hina'i, Ka'eleku flows
0990 ± 50 years - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 1 Events for Episode 1 at East rift zone, Puu Hina'i, Ka'eleku flows

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow

0980 ± 50 years Confirmed Eruption  

Episode 1 | Eruption Haleakala crater (Puu o ka O'o)
0980 ± 50 years - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at Haleakala crater (Puu o ka O'o)

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow
   - - - -    - - - - Cinder Cone

0910 ± 40 years Confirmed Eruption  

Episode 1 | Eruption Haleakala crater, Kalua Awa flow
0910 ± 40 years - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 1 Events for Episode 1 at Haleakala crater, Kalua Awa flow

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow

0790 ± 50 years Confirmed Eruption  

Episode 1 | Eruption Haleakala crater (Puu Nole)
0790 ± 50 years - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 1 Events for Episode 1 at Haleakala crater (Puu Nole)

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow

0080 ± 40 years Confirmed Eruption  

Episode 1 | Eruption Haleakala crater
0080 ± 40 years - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Haleakala crater

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Tephra

0290 BCE (?) Confirmed Eruption  

Episode 1 | Eruption SW rift zone (~2400 m)
0290 BCE (?) - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at SW rift zone (~2400 m)

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow

0390 BCE ± 40 years Confirmed Eruption  

Episode 1 | Eruption North crater wall
0390 BCE ± 40 years - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 1 Events for Episode 1 at North crater wall

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow

0580 BCE ± 50 years Confirmed Eruption  

Episode 1 | Eruption Haleakala crater
0580 BCE ± 50 years - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Haleakala crater

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Ash

1140 BCE ± 30 years Confirmed Eruption  

Episode 1 | Eruption SW rift zone, Auwahi flow
1140 BCE ± 30 years - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 1 Events for Episode 1 at SW rift zone, Auwahi flow

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow

1240 BCE (?) Confirmed Eruption  

Episode 1 | Eruption Upper SW rift zone (~2800 m)
1240 BCE (?) - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Upper SW rift zone (~2800 m)

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow

1310 BCE (?) Confirmed Eruption  

Episode 1 | Eruption Upper SW rift zone (~2600 m)
1310 BCE (?) - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Upper SW rift zone (~2600 m)

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow

1800 BCE ± 50 years Confirmed Eruption  

Episode 1 | Eruption Haleakala crater
1800 BCE ± 50 years - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Haleakala crater

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Tephra

1850 BCE (?) Confirmed Eruption  

Episode 1 | Eruption SW rift zone (~1600 m)
1850 BCE (?) - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at SW rift zone (~1600 m)

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow

1900 BCE ± 50 years Confirmed Eruption  

Episode 1 | Eruption East rift zone, Wai'ele'ele flow
1900 BCE ± 50 years - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 1 Events for Episode 1 at East rift zone, Wai'ele'ele flow

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow

1940 BCE ± 40 years Confirmed Eruption  

Episode 1 | Eruption SW rift zone
1940 BCE ± 40 years - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 1 Events for Episode 1 at SW rift zone

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion

2120 BCE ± 50 years Confirmed Eruption  

Episode 1 | Eruption Haleakala crater (Puu Maile)
2120 BCE ± 50 years - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Haleakala crater (Puu Maile)

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Cinder Cone

2210 BCE ± 40 years Confirmed Eruption  

Episode 1 | Eruption East rift zone
2210 BCE ± 40 years - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at East rift zone

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Tephra

2260 BCE ± 40 years Confirmed Eruption  

Episode 1 | Eruption East rift zone (East Camp cone)
2260 BCE ± 40 years - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at East rift zone (East Camp cone)

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Cinder Cone
   - - - -    - - - - Scoria

2470 BCE ± 50 years Confirmed Eruption  

Episode 1 | Eruption SW rift zone (~2000 m)
2470 BCE ± 50 years - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at SW rift zone (~2000 m)

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow Entered water.

2580 BCE ± 40 years Confirmed Eruption  

Episode 1 | Eruption
2580 BCE ± 40 years - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Tephra

3070 BCE ± 40 years Confirmed Eruption  

Episode 1 | Eruption East rift zone
3070 BCE ± 40 years - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at East rift zone

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Tephra

4760 BCE ± 40 years Confirmed Eruption  

Episode 1 | Eruption
4760 BCE ± 40 years - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Tephra

5860 BCE ± 40 years Confirmed Eruption  

Episode 1 | Eruption East rift zone
5860 BCE ± 40 years - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 1 Events for Episode 1 at East rift zone

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow

6030 BCE ± 40 years Confirmed Eruption  

Episode 1 | Eruption East rift zone, Lo'alo'a flow
6030 BCE ± 40 years - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 1 Events for Episode 1 at East rift zone, Lo'alo'a flow

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow

6220 BCE ± 50 years Confirmed Eruption  

Episode 1 | Eruption SW rift zone, Kanahau flow
6220 BCE ± 50 years - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 1 Events for Episode 1 at SW rift zone, Kanahau flow

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow

6700 BCE ± 100 years Confirmed Eruption  

Episode 1 | Eruption SW rift zone, Waiohuli flow
6700 BCE ± 100 years - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 1 Events for Episode 1 at SW rift zone, Waiohuli flow

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow

6760 BCE ± 40 years Confirmed Eruption  

Episode 1 | Eruption SW rift zone (W of Kanahau)
6760 BCE ± 40 years - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 1 Events for Episode 1 at SW rift zone (W of Kanahau)

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow

7210 BCE (?) Confirmed Eruption  

Episode 1 | Eruption Upper SW rift zone
7210 BCE (?) - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Upper SW rift zone

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow

7450 BCE ± 300 years Confirmed Eruption  

Episode 1 | Eruption East rift zone
7450 BCE ± 300 years - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 1 Events for Episode 1 at East rift zone

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow

7570 BCE ± 75 years Confirmed Eruption  

Episode 1 | Eruption East rift zone, Kuhiwa flow
7570 BCE ± 75 years - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at East rift zone, Kuhiwa flow

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow
   - - - -    - - - - Tephra

7950 BCE ± 200 years Confirmed Eruption  

Episode 1 | Eruption SW rift zone (~1800 m)
7950 BCE ± 200 years - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at SW rift zone (~1800 m)

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow
Deformation History

There is no Deformation History data available for Haleakala.

Emission History

There is no Emissions History data available for Haleakala.

Photo Gallery

The broad Haleakalā shield volcano towers over the eastern part of the island of Maui, seen here from the beach at Kihei on the west flank. Its summit profile is irregular because of the many scoria cones that have erupted along the SW rift zone, which extends from the coast to the summit. The lava flow in the foreground also originated from Haleakalā.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1987 (Smithsonian Institution).
Halali'i (center foreground) and Pu’u o Maui (left center) are two of a series of young scoria cones erupted within the Haleakalā crater. Unvegetated lava flows form much of the crater floor, seen here looking NW from Pu’u Naue scoria cone. The crater is one of the few locations where the rare native-Hawaiian silversword ('ahinahina) plant is found.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1987 (Smithsonian Institution).
Kamoa o Pele (left) and Pu’u o Maui (right) are two of a group of young scoria cones along the southwest rift zone within the Haleakalā crater, seen here looking westward towards the Haleakalā summit.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1987 (Smithsonian Institution).
Pu’u o Maui is the largest of a group of scoria cones erupted along a rift zone that passes across Haleakalā crater, with the western crater rim to the upper left. The large summit crater formed through erosion and collapse events.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1987 (Smithsonian Institution).
Recent activity at Haleakalā took place from vents low on the SW rift zone. The lava flows that form the coastline below originated from two vents, one near where this photo was taken and the other below the scoria cone near the center. Kaho’olawe is in the distance to the SW.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1987 (Smithsonian Institution).
Pu’u Olai is a scoria cone on the west flank of Haleakalā that formed during the late-stage Hana Series eruptions, which produced a large number of scoria cones and lava flows along the SW and E rift zones.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1987 (Smithsonian Institution).
The summit of Haleakalā on the island of Maui contains a large crater that opens towards the ENE. It formed by the erosion of two large valleys that eventually coalesced, along with collapse events. This view to the NE from near the summit shows the Ko’olau Gap in the distance and scoria cones on the crater floor from eruptions along a major rift zone that extends across the summit from the SW to eastern coasts.

Photo by Dick Stoiber, 1976 (Dartmouth College).
GVP Map Holdings

Maps are not currently available due to technical issues.

The maps shown below have been scanned from the GVP map archives and include the volcano on this page. Clicking on the small images will load the full 300 dpi map. Very small-scale maps (such as world maps) are not included.

Smithsonian Sample Collections Database

The following 60 samples associated with this volcano can be found in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences collections, and may be availble for research (contact the Rock and Ore Collections Manager). Catalog number links will open a window with more information.

Catalog Number Sample Description Lava Source Collection Date
NMNH 109409-8 Ankaramite -- --
NMNH 110777 Ankaramite -- --
NMNH 111123-1859 Trachytic Andesite -- --
NMNH 111123-1860 Trachytic Andesite WHITE HILL CONE --
NMNH 111123-1866 Picritic Basalt SUMMIT --
NMNH 111123-1869 Trachyte PUU MAHANALUA NUI DOME --
NMNH 114756-1 Unidentified -- --
NMNH 116254-10 Andesine Basalt -- --
NMNH 116254-11 Labradorite-Nepheline Basalt -- --
NMNH 116254-14 Limburgitic Basalt PIMOA --
NMNH 116254-15 Augite -- --
NMNH 116254-7 Nepheline-Andesine Basalt -- --
NMNH 116254-8 Andesine Andesite -- --
NMNH 116254-9 Labradorite-Nepheline Basalt -- --
NMNH 117254-122 Picrite Basalt -- --
NMNH 117254-158 Oligoclase Andesite -- --
NMNH 117997-1 Plagioclase Basalt -- --
NMNH 117997-10 Plagioclase Basalt -- --
NMNH 117997-11 Olivine Basalt -- --
NMNH 117997-12 Plagioclase-Olivine Basalt -- --
NMNH 117997-13 Plagioclase-Olivine Basalt -- --
NMNH 117997-14 Plagioclase Basalt -- --
NMNH 117997-15 Plagioclase Basalt -- --
NMNH 117997-16 Plagioclase Basalt -- --
NMNH 117997-17 Plagioclase Basalt -- --
NMNH 117997-18 Basalt -- --
NMNH 117997-19 Olivine Basalt -- --
NMNH 117997-2 Plagioclase Basalt -- --
NMNH 117997-20 Picrite Basalt -- --
NMNH 117997-21 Plagioclase Basalt -- --
NMNH 117997-3 Basalt -- --
NMNH 117997-4 Picrite Basalt -- --
NMNH 117997-5 Picrite Basalt -- --
NMNH 117997-6 Olivine Basalt -- --
NMNH 117997-7 Basalt -- --
NMNH 117997-8 Basalt -- --
NMNH 117997-9 Picrite Basalt -- --
NMNH 117998-1 Plagioclase Basalt -- --
NMNH 117998-2 Plagioclase Basalt -- --
NMNH 117999-1 Olivine-Augite Basalt -- --
NMNH 117999-2 Olivine Basalt -- --
NMNH 117999-3 Picrite Basalt -- --
NMNH 135242-00 Augite -- --
NMNH 70566 Lava -- --
NMNH 70569 Basalt -- --
NMNH 70575 Lava -- --
NMNH 88127-79 Essexitic Andesite -- --
NMNH 88127-80 Essexitic Andesite -- --
NMNH 88127-81 Picritic Basalt -- --
NMNH 88127-82 Essexitic Andesite -- --
NMNH 88127-83 Essexitic Andesite -- --
NMNH 92588-110 Volcanic Rock -- --
NMNH 92588-122 Volcanic Rock -- --
NMNH 92588-123 Volcanic Rock -- --
NMNH 92588-124 Volcanic Rock -- --
NMNH 92588-125 Volcanic Rock -- --
NMNH 92588-126 Volcanic Rock -- --
NMNH 92588-127 Volcanic Rock -- --
NMNH 92588-129 Volcanic Rock -- --
NMNH 92588-130 Volcanic Rock -- --
External Sites