Global Volcanism Program | Southern EPR at 17.5°S (Segment K)

The Global Volcanism Program has no activity reports available for Southern EPR at 17.5°S (Segment K).

The Global Volcanism Program has no Weekly Reports available for Southern EPR at 17.5°S (Segment K).

The Global Volcanism Program has no Bulletin Reports available for Southern EPR at 17.5°S (Segment K).

Basic Data

Volcano Number

Last Known Eruption

Elevation

Latitude
Longitude

334120

1990 CE

-2,566 m / -8,419 ft

17.436°S
113.206°W

Morphology

Volcano Landform
Cluster

Volcano Types
Fissure vent(s)
Submarine

Rock Types

Major
Basalt / Picro-Basalt

Tectonic Setting

Rift zone
Oceanic crust (< 15 km)

Population

Within 5 km
Within 10 km
Within 30 km
Within 100 km

0
0
0
0

Geological Summary

Lava flows from a very recent eruption were observed in 1994 along segment K of the southern East Pacific Rise. This segment of the mid-ocean ridge north of the Easter microplate displays the broadest cross-sectional area and the shallowest depth (2,566 m) of the southern East Pacific Rise between 13°40' and 18°30'S. Glassy, unsedimented lava flows on the 17.5°S segment of the East Pacific Rise were considered, from biological observations and chemical analyses of the plume and vent fluids, to have been erupted within 2-3 years of a November-December 1993 plume survey. Lava was erupted along two segments, a 4-km-long flow at the southern site and a 5-10 km flow at the northern site. Numerous low- and high-temperature hydrothermal vents are active along this segment of the ridge.

References

The following references have all been used during the compilation of data for this volcano, it is not a comprehensive bibliography.

Bowles J, Gee J S, Kent D V, Bergmanis E, Sinton J, 2005. Cooling rate effects on paleointensity estimates in submarine basaltic glass and implications for dating young flows. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 6: Q07002. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GC000900

Embley R W, Lupton J E, Massoth G, Urabe T, Tunnicliffe V, Butterfield D A, Shibata T, Okano O, Kinoshita M, Fujioka K, 1998. Geological, chemical, and biological evidence for recent volcanism at 17.5° S: East Pacific Rise. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 163: 131-147.

Sinton J M, Smaglik S M, Mahoney J J, Macdonald K C, 1991. Magmatic processes at superfast spreading Mid-Ocean Ridges: glass compositional variations along the East Pacific Rise 13°-23° S. J. Geophys. Res, 96: 6133-6155.

Sinton J, Bergmanis E, Rubin K, Batiza R, Gregg T K P, Gronvold K, Macdonald K C, White S M, 2002. Volcanic eruptions on mid-ocean ridges: new evidence from the superfast spreading East Pacific Rise, 17°-19° S. J. Geophys. Res, 107: 2115. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JB000090

Eruptive History

There is data available for 5 confirmed Holocene eruptive periods.

1990 Jul 2 ± 2 years ± 182 days Confirmed Eruption (Submarine) VEI: 0

Episode 1 | Eruption (Submarine)

Aldo-Kihi lava flow

1990 Jul 2 ± 2 years ± 182 days - Unknown

Evidence from Observations: Reported

Glassy, unsedimented lava flows on the 17.5°S segment of the East Pacific Rise were considered from biologic observations and chemical analyses of plume and vent fluid chemistry to have been erupted within 2-3 years of a November-December 1993 plume survey. Later estimates placed the age of the 0.1 km³ flow at the late 1980s or early 1990s in perhaps multiple events (Sinton et al., 2002). Lava was erupted along two segments of the mid-ocean ridge, 4 km long at the southern site and 5-10 km long at the northern site.

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Aldo-Kihi lava flow

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow
	1990 ± 2 years	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1965 Jul 2 (?) ± 182 days Confirmed Eruption (Submarine) VEI: 0

Episode 1 | Eruption (Submarine)

South of Aldo-Kihi lava flow

1965 Jul 2 (?) ± 182 days - Unknown

Evidence from Correlation: Magnetism

A lava flow south of the Aldo-Kihi lava flow was dated by magnetic paleointensity evidence at about 1965 CE (Bowles, et al., 2005).

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at South of Aldo-Kihi lava flow

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow
	1965 (?)	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1930 (?) Confirmed Eruption (Submarine) VEI: 0

Episode 1 | Eruption (Submarine)

North of Aldo-Kiri lava flow

1930 (?) - Unknown

Evidence from Correlation: Magnetism

A lava flow north of the Aldo-Kihi lava flow was dated by magnetic paleointensity evidence at about 1930 CE (Bowles, et al., 2005).

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at North of Aldo-Kiri lava flow

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow
	1930 (?)	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1840 (?) Confirmed Eruption (Submarine) VEI: 0

Episode 1 | Eruption (Submarine)

North of Aldo-Kiri lava flow

1840 (?) - Unknown

Evidence from Correlation: Magnetism

A lava flow north of the Aldo-Kihi lava flow was dated by magnetic paleointensity evidence at about 1840 CE (Bowles, et al., 2005).

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at North of Aldo-Kiri lava flow

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow
	1840 (?)	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1625 (?) Confirmed Eruption (Submarine) VEI: 0

Episode 1 | Eruption (Submarine)

South of Aldo-Kihi lava flow

1625 (?) - Unknown

Evidence from Correlation: Magnetism

A lava flow south of the Aldo-Kihi lava flow was dated by magnetic paleointensity evidence at about 1625 CE (Bowles, et al., 2005).

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at South of Aldo-Kihi lava flow

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow
	1625 (?)	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

The Global Volcanism Program has no synonyms or subfeatures listed for Southern EPR at 17.5°S (Segment K).

Photo Gallery

Shrimp swimming above a hydrothermally active vent within basalt on the Southern East Pacific Rise (near 17° 27’ S) were photographed in November 1994 from the Japanese submersible Shinkai 6500. Shrimp and crabs were seen going in and out of similar cracks in this area. Lava flows from a recent volcanic eruption were observed in 1994 along segment K of the Southern East Pacific Rise.

Image courtesy of NOAA Vents Program, 1994 (www.pmel.noaa.gov/vents/chemistry/images/).

Smithsonian Sample Collections Database

There are no samples for Southern EPR at 17.5°S (Segment K) in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences Rock and Ore collection.

External Sites

Copernicus Browser

The Copernicus Browser replaced the Sentinel Hub Playground browser in 2023, to provide access to Earth observation archives from the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, the main distribution platform for data from the EU Copernicus missions.

MIROVA

Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity (MIROVA) is a near real time volcanic hot-spot detection system based on the analysis of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. In particular, MIROVA uses the Middle InfraRed Radiation (MIR), measured over target volcanoes, in order to detect, locate and measure the heat radiation sourced from volcanic activity.

MODVOLC Thermal Alerts

Using infrared satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, scientists at the Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i, developed an automated system called MODVOLC to map thermal hot-spots in near real time. For each MODIS image, the algorithm automatically scans each 1 km pixel within it to check for high-temperature hot-spots. When one is found the date, time, location, and intensity are recorded. MODIS looks at every square km of the Earth every 48 hours, once during the day and once during the night, and the presence of two MODIS sensors in space allows at least four hot-spot observations every two days. Each day updated global maps are compiled to display the locations of all hot spots detected in the previous 24 hours. There is a drop-down list with volcano names which allow users to 'zoom-in' and examine the distribution of hot-spots at a variety of spatial scales.

WOVOdat
   Single Volcano View
   Temporal Evolution of Unrest
   Side by Side Volcanoes

WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. It is sponsored by the World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO) and presently hosted at the Earth Observatory of Singapore.

GVMID Data on Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure The Global Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure Database GVMID, is aimed at documenting and improving capabilities of volcano monitoring from the ground and space. GVMID should provide a snapshot and baseline view of the techniques and instrumentation that are in place at various volcanoes, which can be use by volcano observatories as reference to setup new monitoring system or improving networks at a specific volcano. These data will allow identification of what monitoring gaps exist, which can be then targeted by remote sensing infrastructure and future instrument deployments.

Volcanic Hazard Maps

The IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Hazards and Risk has a Volcanic Hazard Maps database designed to serve as a resource for hazard mappers (or other interested parties) to explore how common issues in hazard map development have been addressed at different volcanoes, in different countries, for different hazards, and for different intended audiences. In addition to the comprehensive, searchable Volcanic Hazard Maps Database, this website contains information about diversity of volcanic hazard maps, illustrated using examples from the database. This site is for educational purposes related to volcanic hazard maps. Hazard maps found on this website should not be used for emergency purposes. For the most recent, official hazard map for a particular volcano, please seek out the proper institutional authorities on the matter.

IRIS seismic stations/networks

Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Services map showing the location of seismic stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 0.18° (about 20 km at mid-latitudes) from the given location of Southern EPR at 17.5°S (Segment K). Users can customize a variety of filters and options in the left panel. Note that if there are no stations are known the map will default to show the entire world with a "No data matched request" error notice.

UNAVCO GPS/GNSS stations

Geodetic Data Services map from UNAVCO showing the location of GPS/GNSS stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 20 km from the given location of Southern EPR at 17.5°S (Segment K). Users can customize the data search based on station or network names, location, and time window. Requires Adobe Flash Player.

DECADE Data

The DECADE portal, still in the developmental stage, serves as an example of the proposed interoperability between The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, the Mapping Gas Emissions (MaGa) Database, and the EarthChem Geochemical Portal. The Deep Earth Carbon Degassing (DECADE) initiative seeks to use new and established technologies to determine accurate global fluxes of volcanic CO₂ to the atmosphere, but installing CO₂ monitoring networks on 20 of the world's 150 most actively degassing volcanoes. The group uses related laboratory-based studies (direct gas sampling and analysis, melt inclusions) to provide new data for direct degassing of deep earth carbon to the atmosphere.

Large Eruptions of Southern EPR at 17.5°S (Segment K)

Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LaMEVE) database of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA).

EarthChem

EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA). IEDA is a collaborative effort of EarthChem and the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS).