Global Volcanism Program

Lautaro

Country	Chile
Volcanic Region	Austral Andean Volcanic Arc
Landform \| Volc Type	Composite \| Stratovolcano
Last Known Eruption	1979 CE
Coordinates	49.019°S, 73.504°W
Elevation	3,542 m (11,621 ft)
Volcano Number	358060
Google Earth Placemark with Features
Cite Volcano Profile

Latest Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

The Global Volcanism Program has no Weekly Volcanic Activity Reports available for Lautaro.

Latest Bulletin Report

The Global Volcanism Program has no Bulletin Reports available for Lautaro.

Weekly Volcanic Activity Reports

The Global Volcanism Program has no Weekly Reports available for Lautaro.

Bulletin Reports

The Global Volcanism Program has no Bulletin Reports available for Lautaro.

General Information

Basic Data

Volcano Number

Last Known Eruption

Elevation

Latitude
Longitude

358060

1979 CE

3,542 m / 11,621 ft

49.019°S
73.504°W

Morphology

Volcano Landform
Composite

Volcano Types
Stratovolcano
Explosion crater(s)
Lava dome(s)

Rock Types

Major
Dacite

Minor
Andesite / Basaltic Andesite

Tectonic Setting

Subduction zone
Continental crust (> 25 km)

Population

Within 5 km
Within 10 km
Within 30 km
Within 100 km

0
0
46
2,365

Geological Summary

Lautaro is the northernmost volcano of the Austral Volcanic Zone (AVZ) in the southernmost Chilean Andes, and is the closest volcano to the Chile Triple Junction plate boundary. Volcanoes of the AVZ originated from subduction of the Antarctic plate beneath the South American plate. The Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World synonyms for Lautaro (Cerro Pirámide, Chalten, and Chaltel) are actually synonyms of the dramatic Patagonian granitic peak of Cerro Fitz Roy (Moreno 1985, pers. comm.). Glacier-covered and rising above the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, this dominantly dacitic volcano has a crater just below its summit on the NW side and a 1-km-wide crater on the NE flank. Ash deposits from eruptions were visible on aerial photos taken during several occasions during the 20th century, and older ash layers form prominent markers on outflow glaciers of the Patagonian icecap.

References

The following references have all been used during the compilation of data for this volcano, it is not a comprehensive bibliography.

Casertano L, 1963. Chilean Continent. Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World and Solfatara Fields, Rome: IAVCEI, 15: 1-55.

Gonzalez-Ferran O, 1995. Volcanes de Chile. Santiago: Instituto Geografico Militar, 635 p.

Lliboutry L, 1999. Glaciers of the Wet Andes. In: Williams R J Jr, Ferringo J G (eds) Glaciers of South America, U S Geol Surv Prof Pap, 1386-I: 148-206.

Martinic-B M, 1988. Actividad volcanica historica en la region de Magellenes. Rev Geol Chile, 15: 181-186.

Moreno H, 1985. (pers. comm.).

Motoki A, Orihashi Y, Naranjo J A, Hirata D, Scvarca P, Anma R, 2006. Geologic reconnaissance of Lautaro volcano, Chilean Patagonia. Rev Geol Chile, 33: 177-187.

Orihashi Y, Naranjo J A, Motoki A, Sumino H, Hirata D, Anma R, Nagao K, 2004. Quaternary volcanic activity of Hudson and Lautaro volcanoes, Chilean Patagonia: new constraints from K-Ar ages. Rev Geol Chile, 31: 207-224.

Shipton E, 1960. Volcanic activity on the Patagonian ice cap. Geog Jour, 126: 389-396.

Stern C R, 1990. Tephrochronology of southernmost Patagonia. Natl Geog Res, 6: 110-126.

Eruptive History

There is data available for 9 confirmed eruptive periods.

1979 Mar 8 (on or before) Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) VEI: 2 (?)

Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive)

1979 Mar 8 (on or before) - Unknown

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 3 Events for Episode 1

Start Date	End Date	Event Type
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Ash
1979 Mar 8 (on or before)	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1978 Jun 16 ± 15 days Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) VEI: 1 (?)

Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive)

1978 Jun 16 ± 15 days - Unknown

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion	Uncertain
	- - - -	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1972 Jul 2 ± 182 days Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) VEI: 1 (?)

Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive)

1972 Jul 2 ± 182 days - Unknown

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion	Uncertain
	- - - -	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1961 Oct 16 ± 15 days Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive)

Volcano Uncertain: aerial observation; possibly Lautaro

1961 Oct 16 ± 15 days - Unknown

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 1 Events for Episode 1 at Volcano Uncertain: aerial observation; possibly Lautaro

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	1961 Oct	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1959 Dec 28 - 1960 Jan 20 Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive)

1959 Dec 28 - 1960 Jan 20

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 4 Events for Episode 1

Start Date	End Date	Event Type
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow
- - - -	- - - -	Ash
1959 Dec 28	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1945 Jan 15 ± 45 days Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) VEI: 1

Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive)

1945 Jan 15 ± 45 days - Unknown

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 3 Events for Episode 1

Start Date	End Date	Event Type
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Phreatomagmatic
1945 Jan 15 ± 45 days	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1933 Feb 16 ± 15 days Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) VEI: 2 (?)

Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive)

1933 Feb 16 ± 15 days - Unknown

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 3 Events for Episode 1

Start Date	End Date	Event Type
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Ash
1933 Feb	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1879 Jul 2 ± 182 days Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive)

Episode 1 \| Eruption (Explosive / Effusive)				Volcano Uncertain: Between lakes San Martín and Viedma

1879 Jul 2 ± 182 days - Unknown				Evidence from Unknown

[ 1878 Jan 18 ] Uncertain Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive)

1878 Jan 18 - Unknown

Evidence from Unknown

List of 3 Events for Episode 1

Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion	Uncertain
- - - -	- - - -	Volcanic "smoke"
1878 Jan 18	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1876 Oct 16 ± 15 days Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) VEI: 2 (?)

Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive)

1876 Oct 16 ± 15 days - Unknown

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 3 Events for Episode 1

Start Date	End Date	Event Type
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Ash
1876 Oct	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

Synonyms and Subfeatures

The Global Volcanism Program has no synonyms or subfeatures listed for Lautaro.

Photo Gallery

The northern side of Lautaro volcano rises above a sea of clouds. A 300-km gap occurs between Cerro Hudson and Lautaro, the northernmost of five volcanoes comprising the australandean volcanic zone of the southernmost Chilean Andes. Glacier-covered, 3607-m-high Lautaro volcano, the highest Chilean volcano below 40 degrees south, has a crater just below its summit on the NW side, and a 1-km-wide crater is located on the NE flank.

Photo by José Naranjo, 2002 (Servico Nacional de Geologica y Mineria).

Smithsonian Sample Collections Database

There are no samples for Lautaro in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences Rock and Ore collection.

External Sites

Copernicus Browser

The Copernicus Browser replaced the Sentinel Hub Playground browser in 2023, to provide access to Earth observation archives from the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, the main distribution platform for data from the EU Copernicus missions.

MIROVA

Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity (MIROVA) is a near real time volcanic hot-spot detection system based on the analysis of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. In particular, MIROVA uses the Middle InfraRed Radiation (MIR), measured over target volcanoes, in order to detect, locate and measure the heat radiation sourced from volcanic activity.

MODVOLC Thermal Alerts

Using infrared satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, scientists at the Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i, developed an automated system called MODVOLC to map thermal hot-spots in near real time. For each MODIS image, the algorithm automatically scans each 1 km pixel within it to check for high-temperature hot-spots. When one is found the date, time, location, and intensity are recorded. MODIS looks at every square km of the Earth every 48 hours, once during the day and once during the night, and the presence of two MODIS sensors in space allows at least four hot-spot observations every two days. Each day updated global maps are compiled to display the locations of all hot spots detected in the previous 24 hours. There is a drop-down list with volcano names which allow users to 'zoom-in' and examine the distribution of hot-spots at a variety of spatial scales.

WOVOdat
   Single Volcano View
   Temporal Evolution of Unrest
   Side by Side Volcanoes

WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. It is sponsored by the World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO) and presently hosted at the Earth Observatory of Singapore.

GVMID Data on Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure The Global Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure Database GVMID, is aimed at documenting and improving capabilities of volcano monitoring from the ground and space. GVMID should provide a snapshot and baseline view of the techniques and instrumentation that are in place at various volcanoes, which can be use by volcano observatories as reference to setup new monitoring system or improving networks at a specific volcano. These data will allow identification of what monitoring gaps exist, which can be then targeted by remote sensing infrastructure and future instrument deployments.

Volcanic Hazard Maps

The IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Hazards and Risk has a Volcanic Hazard Maps database designed to serve as a resource for hazard mappers (or other interested parties) to explore how common issues in hazard map development have been addressed at different volcanoes, in different countries, for different hazards, and for different intended audiences. In addition to the comprehensive, searchable Volcanic Hazard Maps Database, this website contains information about diversity of volcanic hazard maps, illustrated using examples from the database. This site is for educational purposes related to volcanic hazard maps. Hazard maps found on this website should not be used for emergency purposes. For the most recent, official hazard map for a particular volcano, please seek out the proper institutional authorities on the matter.

EarthScope Consortium SAGE seismic stations/networks

EarthScope Consortium operates the NSF Geodetic Facility for the Advancement of Geoscience (GAGE) and NSF Seismological Facility for the Advancement of Geoscience (SAGE). The linked map shows the location of seismic stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 0.18° (about 20 km at mid-latitudes) from the given location of Lautaro. Users can customize a variety of filters and options in the left panel. Note that if there are no stations are known the map will default to show the entire world with a "No data matched request" error notice.

Large Eruptions of Lautaro

Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LaMEVE) database of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA).

EarthChem

EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA). IEDA is a collaborative effort of EarthChem and the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS).

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