| Country | Iceland |
| Volcanic Region | Iceland Neovolcanic Rift Volcanic Province |
| Landform | Volc Type | Composite | Stratovolcano |
| Last Known Eruption | 1200 BCE |
| Coordinates | 65.416°N, 16.666°W |
| Elevation | 970 m (3,182 ft) |
| Volcano Number | 373070 |
 Google Earth Placemark with Features
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 Cite Volcano Profile
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The Global Volcanism Program has no Weekly Volcanic Activity Reports available for Fremrinámar.
The Global Volcanism Program has no Bulletin Reports available for Fremrinámar.
The Global Volcanism Program has no Weekly Reports available for Fremrinámar.
The Global Volcanism Program has no Bulletin Reports available for Fremrinámar.
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There is data available for 4 confirmed eruptive periods.
[ 1823 Jul 2 ± 182 days ] Discredited Eruption
1200 BCE (?) Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive)
| Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) | Kraeduborgir (Burfellshraun) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1200 BCE (?) - Unknown | Evidence from Correlation: Tephrochronology | |||||||||||||
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List of 1 Events for Episode 1 at Kraeduborgir (Burfellshraun)
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2300 BCE (?) Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) VEI: 0
| Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) | Ketildyngja | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 2300 BCE (?) - Unknown | Evidence from Correlation: Tephrochronology | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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List of 4 Events for Episode 1 at Ketildyngja
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4000 BCE (?) Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) VEI: 0
| Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) | Kerlingardyngja | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 4000 BCE (?) - Unknown | Evidence from Correlation: Tephrochronology | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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List of 4 Events for Episode 1 at Kerlingardyngja
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4050 BCE ± 1050 years Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive)
| Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) | Sveinar (Rauduborgir) fissure | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 4050 BCE ± 1050 years - Unknown | Evidence from Correlation: Tephrochronology | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at Sveinar (Rauduborgir) fissure
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This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.
Synonyms |
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| Fremrinámur | ||||
Cones |
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| Feature Name | Feature Type | Elevation | Latitude | Longitude |
| Kerlingardynga | Shield volcano | 900 m | 65° 23' 0.00" N | 16° 38' 0.00" W |
| Ketildyngja
Ketil |
Shield volcano | 939 m | 65° 26' 0.00" N | 16° 39' 0.00" W |
| Leirhafnarskord | Vent | 100 m | 66° 25' 0.00" N | 16° 29' 0.00" W |
| Skjaldbaka
Schildkrote |
Shield volcano | 760 m | 65° 27' 0.00" N | 16° 44' 0.00" W |
| Skuggadyngja | Shield volcano | 870 m | 65° 28' 0.00" N | 16° 38' 0.00" W |
| Talabunga
Taglabunga |
Shield volcano | 652 m | 65° 30' 0.00" N | 16° 32' 0.00" W |
Craters |
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| Feature Name | Feature Type | Elevation | Latitude | Longitude |
| Kraeduborgir | Fissure vent | 418 m | 65° 38' 0.00" N | 16° 35' 0.00" W |
| Raudholar | Fissure vent | 410 m | 65° 52' 0.00" N | 16° 23' 0.00" W |
| Rauduborgir | Fissure vent | 407 m | 65° 35' 0.00" N | 16° 29' 0.00" W |
| Sveinar | Fissure vent | 406 m | 65° 45' 0.00" N | 16° 26' 0.00" W |
Fremrinámar, NNE of Askja and SE of Mývatn lake, is a volcanic system that is constructed over the Ketildyngja shield volcano (center). Associated fissure systems, including the Sveinar fissure, extend 130 km to the N coast of Iceland. Mývatn lake formed as a result of the eruption of the 70-km-long older Laxarhraun lava flow from Ketildyngja shield volcano about 3,800 years ago. The latest eruption from Fremrinámar produced the Búrfellshraun lava flow about 2,500-3,000 years ago.
The elongate Ketildyngja shield volcano, the most prominent feature of the Fremrinámur volcanic system, formed about 4,000 years ago and contains a distinct summit crater of about 400 x 800 m. Associated fissure systems extend from just northwest of Askja, across the Ketildyngja shield, and about 130 km to the northern coast of Iceland.
The eastern rim of the summit crater of Ketildyngja shield volcano overlooks flat-lying lavas of the Fremrinamur volcanic system on the right and steep-sloped Pleistocene subglacial lavas on the left.There are no samples for Fremrinámar in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences Rock and Ore collection.
| Catalogue of Icelandic Volcanoes (Link to Fremrinámar) | The Catalogue of Icelandic Volcanoes is an interactive, web-based tool, containing information on volcanic systems that belong to the active volcanic zones of Iceland. It is a collaboration of the Icelandic Meteorological Office (the state volcano observatory), the Institute of Earth Sciences at the University of Iceland, and the Civil Protection Department of the National Commissioner of the Iceland Police, with contributions from a large number of specialists in Iceland and elsewhere. This official publication is intended to serve as an accurate and up-to-date source of information about active volcanoes in Iceland and their characteristics. The Catalogue forms a part of an integrated volcanic risk assessment project in Iceland GOSVÁ (commenced in 2012), as well as being part of the effort of FUTUREVOLC (2012-2016) on establishing an Icelandic volcano supersite. |
| Copernicus Browser | The Copernicus Browser replaced the Sentinel Hub Playground browser in 2023, to provide access to Earth observation archives from the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, the main distribution platform for data from the EU Copernicus missions. |
| MIROVA | Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity (MIROVA) is a near real time volcanic hot-spot detection system based on the analysis of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. In particular, MIROVA uses the Middle InfraRed Radiation (MIR), measured over target volcanoes, in order to detect, locate and measure the heat radiation sourced from volcanic activity. |
| MODVOLC Thermal Alerts | Using infrared satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, scientists at the Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i, developed an automated system called MODVOLC to map thermal hot-spots in near real time. For each MODIS image, the algorithm automatically scans each 1 km pixel within it to check for high-temperature hot-spots. When one is found the date, time, location, and intensity are recorded. MODIS looks at every square km of the Earth every 48 hours, once during the day and once during the night, and the presence of two MODIS sensors in space allows at least four hot-spot observations every two days. Each day updated global maps are compiled to display the locations of all hot spots detected in the previous 24 hours. There is a drop-down list with volcano names which allow users to 'zoom-in' and examine the distribution of hot-spots at a variety of spatial scales. |
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WOVOdat
Single Volcano View Temporal Evolution of Unrest Side by Side Volcanoes |
WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. It is sponsored by the World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO) and presently hosted at the Earth Observatory of Singapore.
GVMID Data on Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure The Global Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure Database GVMID, is aimed at documenting and improving capabilities of volcano monitoring from the ground and space. GVMID should provide a snapshot and baseline view of the techniques and instrumentation that are in place at various volcanoes, which can be use by volcano observatories as reference to setup new monitoring system or improving networks at a specific volcano. These data will allow identification of what monitoring gaps exist, which can be then targeted by remote sensing infrastructure and future instrument deployments. |
| Volcanic Hazard Maps | The IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Hazards and Risk has a Volcanic Hazard Maps database designed to serve as a resource for hazard mappers (or other interested parties) to explore how common issues in hazard map development have been addressed at different volcanoes, in different countries, for different hazards, and for different intended audiences. In addition to the comprehensive, searchable Volcanic Hazard Maps Database, this website contains information about diversity of volcanic hazard maps, illustrated using examples from the database. This site is for educational purposes related to volcanic hazard maps. Hazard maps found on this website should not be used for emergency purposes. For the most recent, official hazard map for a particular volcano, please seek out the proper institutional authorities on the matter. |
| EarthScope Consortium SAGE seismic stations/networks | EarthScope Consortium operates the NSF Geodetic Facility for the Advancement of Geoscience (GAGE) and NSF Seismological Facility for the Advancement of Geoscience (SAGE). The linked map shows the location of seismic stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 0.18° (about 20 km at mid-latitudes) from the given location of Fremrinámar. Users can customize a variety of filters and options in the left panel. Note that if there are no stations are known the map will default to show the entire world with a "No data matched request" error notice. |
| Large Eruptions of Fremrinámar | Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LaMEVE) database of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA). |
| EarthChem | EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA). IEDA is a collaborative effort of EarthChem and the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS). |
