During the last week of July, 45 visible explosions ejected plumes to 75-150 m above the summit before winds carried them S. Between explosions, weak white fumes reached 50 m above the crater. Recorded earthquakes were: distant tectonic (50), local tectonic (2), volcanic A-type (1), volcanic B-type (2), explosions (1,574), and volcanic tremor (1).

Geological Summary. Raung, one of Java's most active volcanoes, is a massive stratovolcano in easternmost Java that was constructed SW of the rim of Ijen caldera. The unvegetated summit is truncated by a dramatic steep-walled, 2-km-wide caldera that has been the site of frequent historical eruptions. A prehistoric collapse of Gunung Gadung on the W flank produced a large debris avalanche that traveled 79 km, reaching nearly to the Indian Ocean. Raung contains several centers constructed along a NE-SW line, with Gunung Suket and Gunung Gadung stratovolcanoes being located to the NE and W, respectively.

Information Contacts: VSI.