Tarumai stratovolcano on the caldera's rim is site of 65 earthquakes
The number of volcanic earthquakes beneath Tarumai stratovolcano increased during the second half of August. A total of 65 earthquakes was recorded in August.
Information Contacts: Volcanological Division, Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), 1-3-4 Ote-machi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100, Japan.
The Global Volcanism Program has no Weekly Reports available for Shikotsu.
Reports are organized chronologically and indexed below by Month/Year (Publication Volume:Number), and include a one-line summary. Click on the index link or scroll down to read the reports.
Explosive eruption with small pyroclastic flow after 10 years of increasing seismicity
Tarumai exploded on 14 May at 2253, accompanied by volcanic tremor. A slight ashfall was observed 10 km NNE of the summit crater and a small pyroclastic flow consisting of pumiceous ash and blocks traveled 150 m SE from the vent. Sixteen hours after the eruption, geologists measured a temperature of 200°C at the base of the pyroclastic flow (30 cm below the surface). Smaller explosions occurred on 17 May, mantling the vent area with 1 cm of new ash. No further explosions had been observed as of 7 June.
Tarumai, which last erupted in 1955, is characterized by conspicuous earthquake swarms, followed by explosive eruptions of andesitic magma, then lava dome extrusion. The number of earthquakes at Tarumai has been increasing irregularly for the past 10 years and increased sharply in the first five months of 1978 (figure 1). No eruption was associated with the somewhat smaller peak in seismicity that occurred in 1975.
Figure 1. Monthly seismicity recorded at JMA's Tarumai Observatory, January 1978-June 1979. Arrows represent ash eruptions. Courtesy of JMA. |
Further Reference. Katsui, Y., Onuma, K., Niida, K., Suzuki, T., and Kondo, Y., 1979, Eruption of Tarumai volcano in May 1978: Bulletin of the Volcanological Society of Japan, v. 24, no. 2, p. 31-40.
Information Contacts: JMA, Tokyo; D. Shackelford, CA.
No new explosions; seismicity declines to normal
As of early July, no eruptive activity had been observed since the explosions of 14 and 17 May. Seismicity decreased to its normal level in mid-June after a 10-year increase preceding the May explosions.
Information Contacts: JMA, Tokyo.
Two small ash eruptions
Tarumai erupted ash from 0910 to 0920 on 12 December. The ash cloud rose 200 m above the vent, which was also the source of small explosions on 14 and 17 May. Ash slightly darkened the snow in the summit area, but did not reach the foot of the volcano. A second ash eruption occurred on 16 December, with ashfall again restricted to the summit area. Seismicity remained at a low level (table 1).
Month | Seismic Events |
Jan 1978 | 22 |
Feb 1978 | 39 |
Mar 1978 | 95 |
Apr 1978 | 170 |
May 1978 | 298 |
Jun 1978 | 112 |
Jul 1978 | 26 |
Aug 1978 | 18 |
Sep 1978 | 13 |
Oct 1978 | 17 |
Nov 1978 | 13 |
Dec 1978 | [21] |
Information Contacts: JMA, Tokyo.
Ash eruptions continue
Ash eruptions continued through early January. Ash was ejected on 16, 26, and 29 December and on 5 January, falling on the summit area. Seismicity remained at normal levels through December.
Information Contacts: JMA, Tokyo.
Small ash eruptions continue; seismicity increases sharply
Ash eruptions continued through January. Ash was ejected on 5, 22, 23, and 27 January, darkening snow in the summit area, but no ash reached the foot of the volcano.
Local seismicity increased sharply about 10 January, after several months of relative quiet. An irregular increase in seismic activity has persisted since 1967.
Information Contacts: JMA, Tokyo.
Small ash eruptions and increased seismicity continue
Ash was ejected on 5, 8, 19, and 25-28 February, continuing the series of small explosions that resumed 12 December. The ash darkened snow in the summit area, but did not reach the foot of the volcano. The number of recorded local earthquakes increased from 201 in January to 427 in February.
Information Contacts: JMA, Tokyo.
More ash eruptions but declining seismicity
Ash eruptions continued in March. Ash fell on the summit area on 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 March but did not reach the foot of the volcano. Seismicity declined considerably in March, but remained slightly above the monthly total for January.
Information Contacts: JMA, Tokyo.
Seismicity and number of explosions decline
Eruptive and seismic activity declined substantially in April. Only one [ash eruption] took place in April, on the 13th, causing a small ashfall in the summit area. The monthly number of recorded earthquakes dropped from 223 in March to 70 in April.
Information Contacts: JMA, Tokyo.
Small ash eruption but decline in seismicity persists
The decline in activity continued through May. A single small ash eruption occurred in May, on the 11th. Ash fell in the summit area but not reach the foot of the volcano. Monthly recorded earthquakes decreased slightly from 70 in April to 66 in May, but the number of tremor events dropped more sharply, from more than 40 to 9. The tremor events, each lasting a few minutes, were thought to be generated by vigorous activity at a vent. The strongest of this activity was visible from the base of the volcano.
Information Contacts: JMA, Tokyo.
Seismicity increases, but no explosions
No explosions or tremor events were recorded in June. However, the number of local earthquakes, which had been declining since March, increased in June.
Information Contacts: JMA, Tokyo.
No explosions; seismicity declines
The number of recorded earthquakes declined to 58 in July after rising sharply to 142 in June. No explosions were observed in July, nor were any tremor events, which are presumably generated by [ash ejection].
Information Contacts: JMA, Tokyo.
Brief increase in seismicity, but no eruption
An increase in the number of local earthquakes and a resumption of tremor events occurred in mid-September, but no eruption was observed. In October, seismicity returned to normal levels and no tremor events were recorded.
Information Contacts: JMA, Tokyo.
Seismicity increases
Seismic activity increased in November after about one and a half years of quiet.
Information Contacts: JMA, Tokyo.
Seismicity continues to increase
Seismic activity increased again to more than 400 recorded events during January. No eruption has yet been observed. About 200 events per month were recorded in November and December, after over a year of fewer than 50 events per month.
Information Contacts: JMA, Tokyo.
Sharp increase in seismicity
In February, 1,121 seismic events were recorded, the most in any month since 1967, when JMA began routine measurements at the volcano. Seismicity has irregularly but gradually increased in the past 14 years (figure 2). No eruption has occurred during the current increase in seismicity.
Information Contacts: JMA, Tokyo.
Seismicity declines without expected eruption
Local seismicity began to increase in November 1980 and the number of events per month reached 1,211 in February 1981 (figure 3). Seismicity began a gradual decline in early March and by mid-March had reached the usual average of fewer than three recorded earthquakes per day.
Figure 3. Monthly numbers of days with eruptions (top), tremor events (center), and recorded earthquakes (bottom) at Tarumai, January 1978-March 1981. Courtesy of JMA. |
Only 87 events were recorded in March. Although the December 1978-May 1979 eruption accompanied the last major increase in seismicity, no eruption has occurred during the current, much larger increase [but see 06:04].
Information Contacts: JMA, Tokyo.
Minor ash emission during February seismic peak
Seismicity declined to its usual level of fewer than three recorded earthquakes per day in March and remained at this level through April. Although no volcanic activity apparently had accompanied the peak of seismicity in February (1,211 events), subsequent investigation revealed that a weak steam explosion had occurred on 27 February or a few days earlier.
On the morning of 27 February an All Nippon Airways crew reported that they saw radially darkened snow on the SE part of the summit area. Yoshio Katsui visited the summit on 9 April and found a single layer of gray ash in the snow. The ash layer was only 0.3-0.6 mm thick at the crater rim. The total volume of ejecta was estimated to be no more than 400 m3.
Information Contacts: JMA, Tokyo; Y. Katsui, Hokkaido Univ.
Earthquake swarms
Local earthquake swarms occurred 24 January-18 February. The JMA seismometer, 1.1 km NE of the summit cone, recorded 30 events in January and 124 in February. Epicenters were located at the NW somma using data from five Hokkaido University seismometers. A white plume constantly rose ~100 m.
Tarumai's strongest earthquake swarm of the past two decades began in late 1980, peaking in February 1981, when more than 1,200 shocks were recorded. Late that month ~400 m3 of ash was deposited near the crater by a very small eruption. Seismicity then declined, and the number of local events has averaged <10/month in the last few years (figure 4).
Information Contacts: JMA.
Seismic activity increases
The number of volcanic earthquakes beneath Tarumai stratovolcano (on the rim on Shikotsu caldera) increased in June and July. There were 13 events on both 8 and 10 June. A total of 64 earthquakes was recorded in July.
Information Contacts: Volcanological Division, Japan Meteorological Agency, 1-3-4 Ote-machi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100, Japan
Tarumai stratovolcano on the caldera's rim is site of 65 earthquakes
The number of volcanic earthquakes beneath Tarumai stratovolcano increased during the second half of August. A total of 65 earthquakes was recorded in August.
Information Contacts: Volcanological Division, Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), 1-3-4 Ote-machi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100, Japan.
This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.
Synonyms |
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Sikotu | ||||
Cones |
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Feature Name | Feature Type | Elevation | Latitude | Longitude |
Eniwadake
Eniwa |
Stratovolcano | 1320 m | 42° 47' 27" N | 141° 17' 20" E |
Fuppushidake
Huppusi-dake Fuppushi-dake |
Stratovolcano | 1103 m | ||
Kitayama
Kita-yama |
Stratovolcano | 931 m | ||
Tarumaesan
Tarumai |
Stratovolcano | 1038 m | 42° 41' 17" N | 131° 22' 49" E |
Craters |
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Feature Name | Feature Type | Elevation | Latitude | Longitude |
Shikotsu | Caldera |
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There is data available for 41 confirmed Holocene eruptive periods.
1981 Feb 27 - 1981 Feb 27 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 1
Episode 1 | Eruption (Phreatic) | Tarumai | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1981 Feb 27 - 1981 Feb 27 | Evidence from Observations: Reported | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at Tarumai
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1978 Dec 12 - 1979 May 11 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 1
Episode 1 | Eruption | Tarumai (SE foot of summit dome) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1978 Dec 12 - 1979 May 11 | Evidence from Observations: Reported | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 7 Events for Episode 1 at Tarumai (SE foot of summit dome)
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1978 May 14 - 1978 May 17 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 1
Episode 1 | Eruption | Tarumai (SE foot of summit dome) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1978 May 14 - 1978 May 17 | Evidence from Observations: Reported | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 6 Events for Episode 1 at Tarumai (SE foot of summit dome)
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1954 Nov 19 - 1955 Feb 14 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 1
Episode 1 | Eruption | Tarumai | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1954 Nov 19 - 1955 Feb 14 | Evidence from Observations: Reported | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 4 Events for Episode 1 at Tarumai
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1954 May 2 - 1954 May 2 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 1
Episode 1 | Eruption | Tarumai | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1954 May 2 - 1954 May 2 | Evidence from Observations: Reported | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 4 Events for Episode 1 at Tarumai
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1953 Sep 14 (?) - 1953 Sep 14 (?) Confirmed Eruption VEI: 1
Episode 1 | Eruption | Tarumai | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1953 Sep 14 (?) - 1953 Sep 14 (?) | Evidence from Observations: Reported | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at Tarumai
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1951 Jul 28 - 1951 Jul 28 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2
Episode 1 | Eruption | Tarumai | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1951 Jul 28 - 1951 Jul 28 | Evidence from Observations: Reported | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 5 Events for Episode 1 at Tarumai
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1951 Jan 29 - 1951 Jan 29 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2
Episode 1 | Eruption | Tarumai | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1951 Jan 29 - 1951 Jan 29 | Evidence from Observations: Reported | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 5 Events for Episode 1 at Tarumai
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[ 1947 Oct 15 ± 90 days - 1947 Oct 15 ± 90 days ] Uncertain Eruption
Episode 1 | Eruption | Tarumai | |||||||||||||||||||
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1947 Oct 15 ± 90 days - 1947 Oct 15 ± 90 days | Evidence from Observations: Reported | |||||||||||||||||||
List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Tarumai
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1944 Jul 2 - 1944 Jul 2 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 1
Episode 1 | Eruption | Tarumai | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1944 Jul 2 - 1944 Jul 2 | Evidence from Observations: Reported | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at Tarumai
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1936 Nov 15 - 1936 Nov 26 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 1
Episode 1 | Eruption | Tarumai | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1936 Nov 15 - 1936 Nov 26 | Evidence from Observations: Reported | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 4 Events for Episode 1 at Tarumai
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1936 Apr 19 - 1936 Apr 19 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 1
Episode 1 | Eruption | Tarumai | |||||||||||||||||||
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1936 Apr 19 - 1936 Apr 19 | Evidence from Observations: Reported | |||||||||||||||||||
List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Tarumai
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1933 Dec 1 - 1933 Dec 14 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2
Episode 1 | Eruption | Tarumai (east-west summit fissure) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1933 Dec 1 - 1933 Dec 14 | Evidence from Observations: Reported | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 5 Events for Episode 1 at Tarumai (east-west summit fissure)
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1931 Oct 11 - 1931 Oct 24 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 1
Episode 1 | Eruption | Tarumai | |||||||||||||||||||
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1931 Oct 11 - 1931 Oct 24 | Evidence from Observations: Reported | |||||||||||||||||||
List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Tarumai
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1928 Sep 6 - 1929 Feb 10 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 1
Episode 1 | Eruption | Tarumai | |||||||||||||||||||
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1928 Sep 6 - 1929 Feb 10 | Evidence from Observations: Reported | |||||||||||||||||||
List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Tarumai
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1928 Jan 7 - 1928 Jan 7 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2
Episode 1 | Eruption | Tarumai | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1928 Jan 7 - 1928 Jan 7 | Evidence from Observations: Reported | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 4 Events for Episode 1 at Tarumai
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1926 Oct 19 - 1926 Oct 30 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2
Episode 1 | Eruption | Tarumai | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1926 Oct 19 - 1926 Oct 30 | Evidence from Observations: Reported | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 5 Events for Episode 1 at Tarumai
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1923 Feb - 1923 Aug 23 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 1
Episode 1 | Eruption | Tarumai | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1923 Feb - 1923 Aug 23 | Evidence from Observations: Reported | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 4 Events for Episode 1 at Tarumai
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1921 Jul 6 - 1921 Jul 6 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 1
Episode 1 | Eruption | Tarumai | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1921 Jul 6 - 1921 Jul 6 | Evidence from Observations: Reported | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 4 Events for Episode 1 at Tarumai
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1920 Jul 17 - 1920 Jul 23 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 1
Episode 1 | Eruption | Tarumai | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1920 Jul 17 - 1920 Jul 23 | Evidence from Observations: Reported | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 4 Events for Episode 1 at Tarumai
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1919 May 4 - 1919 May 4 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2
Episode 1 | Eruption | Tarumai | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1919 May 4 - 1919 May 4 | Evidence from Observations: Reported | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 4 Events for Episode 1 at Tarumai
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1918 Jun 13 - 1918 Jul 31 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 1
Episode 1 | Eruption | Tarumai | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1918 Jun 13 - 1918 Jul 31 | Evidence from Observations: Reported | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 4 Events for Episode 1 at Tarumai
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1917 Apr 30 - 1917 May 12 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2
Episode 1 | Eruption | Tarumai (east-west summit fissure) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1917 Apr 30 - 1917 May 12 | Evidence from Observations: Reported | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 4 Events for Episode 1 at Tarumai (east-west summit fissure)
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1909 Jan 11 - 1909 Apr 22 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 3
Episode 1 | Eruption | Tarumai | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1909 Jan 11 - 1909 Apr 22 | Evidence from Observations: Reported | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 11 Events for Episode 1 at Tarumai
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1894 Aug 17 - 1894 Aug 17 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2
Episode 1 | Eruption | Tarumai | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1894 Aug 17 - 1894 Aug 17 | Evidence from Observations: Reported | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at Tarumai
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1894 Feb 8 - 1894 Feb 8 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2
Episode 1 | Eruption | Tarumai | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1894 Feb 8 - 1894 Feb 8 | Evidence from Observations: Reported | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 4 Events for Episode 1 at Tarumai
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1887 Sep 3 - 1887 Oct 8 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2
Episode 1 | Eruption | Tarumai | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1887 Sep 3 - 1887 Oct 8 | Evidence from Observations: Reported | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at Tarumai
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1886 Apr 13 - 1886 Apr 28 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2
Episode 1 | Eruption | Tarumai | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1886 Apr 13 - 1886 Apr 28 | Evidence from Observations: Reported | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at Tarumai
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1885 Jan 4 - 1885 Mar 26 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2
JMA (2013) described a phreatic summit eruption with ashfall on 4 January 1885, followed by small eruptions on 8 and 10 January. Another summit eruption on 26 March had a volcanic plume "slightly less" than the January activity.
Episode 1 | Eruption | Tarumai | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1885 Jan 4 - 1885 Jan 10 | Evidence from Observations: Reported | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 5 Events for Episode 1 at Tarumai
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Episode 2 | Eruption | Tarumai | |||||||||||||||||||
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1885 Mar 26 - 1885 Mar 26 | Evidence from Observations: Reported | |||||||||||||||||||
List of 2 Events for Episode 2 at Tarumai
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1883 Oct 7 - 1883 Nov 5 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2
Episode 1 | Eruption | Tarumai | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1883 Oct 7 - 1883 Nov 5 | Evidence from Observations: Reported | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at Tarumai
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1874 Feb 8 - 1874 Feb 16 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 3
Episode 1 | Eruption | Tarumai | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1874 Feb 8 - 1874 Feb 16 | Evidence from Observations: Reported | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 7 Events for Episode 1 at Tarumai
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[ 1871 Dec 25 - 1871 Dec 28 ] Uncertain Eruption
Episode 1 | Eruption | Tarumai | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1871 Dec 25 - 1871 Dec 28 | Evidence from Unknown | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at Tarumai
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1867 Sep 8 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2
Episode 1 | Eruption | Tarumai | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1867 Sep 8 - Unknown | Evidence from Observations: Reported | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 4 Events for Episode 1 at Tarumai
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1804 - 1817 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 3
Episode 1 | Eruption | Tarumai | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1804 - 1817 | Evidence from Observations: Reported | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 8 Events for Episode 1 at Tarumai
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1739 Aug 19 - 1739 Aug 31 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 5
Episode 1 | Eruption | Tarumai, Ta-a tephra | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1739 Aug 19 - 1739 Aug 31 | Evidence from Observations: Reported | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 8 Events for Episode 1 at Tarumai, Ta-a tephra
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1707 ± 30 years Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2
Episode 1 | Eruption | Eniwa (crater 3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1707 ± 30 years - Unknown | Evidence from Correlation: Tephrochronology | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 4 Events for Episode 1 at Eniwa (crater 3)
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1667 Sep 23 - 1667 Sep 26 (?) Confirmed Eruption VEI: 5
Episode 1 | Eruption | Tarumai, Ta-b tephra | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1667 Sep 23 - 1667 Sep 26 (?) | Evidence from Observations: Reported | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 6 Events for Episode 1 at Tarumai, Ta-b tephra
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1550 ± 75 years Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2
Episode 1 | Eruption | Eniwa (crater 2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1550 ± 75 years - Unknown | Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 4 Events for Episode 1 at Eniwa (crater 2)
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1500 ± 150 years Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2
Episode 1 | Eruption | Eniwa (crater 1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1500 ± 150 years - Unknown | Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 4 Events for Episode 1 at Eniwa (crater 1)
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0050 BCE (?) Confirmed Eruption VEI: 3
Episode 1 | Eruption | Tarumai, Ta-c3 tephra | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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0050 BCE (?) - Unknown | Evidence from Correlation: Tephrochronology | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at Tarumai, Ta-c3 tephra
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0100 BCE ± 100 years Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2
Episode 1 | Eruption | Eniwa volcano (east side of summit) | |||||||||||||||||||
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0100 BCE ± 100 years - Unknown | Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |||||||||||||||||||
List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Eniwa volcano (east side of summit)
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0550 BCE (?) Confirmed Eruption VEI: 5
Episode 1 | Eruption | Tarumai, Ta-c1, Ta-c2 tephras | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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0550 BCE (?) - Unknown | Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 5 Events for Episode 1 at Tarumai, Ta-c1, Ta-c2 tephras
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6950 BCE (?) Confirmed Eruption VEI: 5
Episode 1 | Eruption | Tarumai, Ta-d tephra | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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6950 BCE (?) - Unknown | Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
List of 5 Events for Episode 1 at Tarumai, Ta-d tephra
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There is no Deformation History data available for Shikotsu.
There is no Emissions History data available for Shikotsu.
Maps are not currently available due to technical issues.
The maps shown below have been scanned from the GVP map archives and include the volcano on this page. Clicking on the small images will load the full 300 dpi map. Very small-scale maps (such as world maps) are not included.
The following 3 samples associated with this volcano can be found in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences collections, and may be availble for research (contact the Rock and Ore Collections Manager). Catalog number links will open a window with more information.
Catalog Number | Sample Description | Lava Source | Collection Date |
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NMNH 101495 | Volcanic Rock | TARUMAI | -- |
NMNH 111123-1960 | Unidentified | TARUMAI | -- |
NMNH 91408 | Volcanic Bomb | TARUMAI | -- |
Copernicus Browser | The Copernicus Browser replaced the Sentinel Hub Playground browser in 2023, to provide access to Earth observation archives from the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, the main distribution platform for data from the EU Copernicus missions. |
MIROVA | Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity (MIROVA) is a near real time volcanic hot-spot detection system based on the analysis of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. In particular, MIROVA uses the Middle InfraRed Radiation (MIR), measured over target volcanoes, in order to detect, locate and measure the heat radiation sourced from volcanic activity. |
MODVOLC Thermal Alerts | Using infrared satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, scientists at the Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i, developed an automated system called MODVOLC to map thermal hot-spots in near real time. For each MODIS image, the algorithm automatically scans each 1 km pixel within it to check for high-temperature hot-spots. When one is found the date, time, location, and intensity are recorded. MODIS looks at every square km of the Earth every 48 hours, once during the day and once during the night, and the presence of two MODIS sensors in space allows at least four hot-spot observations every two days. Each day updated global maps are compiled to display the locations of all hot spots detected in the previous 24 hours. There is a drop-down list with volcano names which allow users to 'zoom-in' and examine the distribution of hot-spots at a variety of spatial scales. |
WOVOdat
Single Volcano View Temporal Evolution of Unrest Side by Side Volcanoes |
WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. It is sponsored by the World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO) and presently hosted at the Earth Observatory of Singapore.
GVMID Data on Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure The Global Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure Database GVMID, is aimed at documenting and improving capabilities of volcano monitoring from the ground and space. GVMID should provide a snapshot and baseline view of the techniques and instrumentation that are in place at various volcanoes, which can be use by volcano observatories as reference to setup new monitoring system or improving networks at a specific volcano. These data will allow identification of what monitoring gaps exist, which can be then targeted by remote sensing infrastructure and future instrument deployments. |
Volcanic Hazard Maps | The IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Hazards and Risk has a Volcanic Hazard Maps database designed to serve as a resource for hazard mappers (or other interested parties) to explore how common issues in hazard map development have been addressed at different volcanoes, in different countries, for different hazards, and for different intended audiences. In addition to the comprehensive, searchable Volcanic Hazard Maps Database, this website contains information about diversity of volcanic hazard maps, illustrated using examples from the database. This site is for educational purposes related to volcanic hazard maps. Hazard maps found on this website should not be used for emergency purposes. For the most recent, official hazard map for a particular volcano, please seek out the proper institutional authorities on the matter. |
IRIS seismic stations/networks | Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Services map showing the location of seismic stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 0.18° (about 20 km at mid-latitudes) from the given location of Shikotsu. Users can customize a variety of filters and options in the left panel. Note that if there are no stations are known the map will default to show the entire world with a "No data matched request" error notice. |
UNAVCO GPS/GNSS stations | Geodetic Data Services map from UNAVCO showing the location of GPS/GNSS stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 20 km from the given location of Shikotsu. Users can customize the data search based on station or network names, location, and time window. Requires Adobe Flash Player. |
DECADE Data | The DECADE portal, still in the developmental stage, serves as an example of the proposed interoperability between The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, the Mapping Gas Emissions (MaGa) Database, and the EarthChem Geochemical Portal. The Deep Earth Carbon Degassing (DECADE) initiative seeks to use new and established technologies to determine accurate global fluxes of volcanic CO2 to the atmosphere, but installing CO2 monitoring networks on 20 of the world's 150 most actively degassing volcanoes. The group uses related laboratory-based studies (direct gas sampling and analysis, melt inclusions) to provide new data for direct degassing of deep earth carbon to the atmosphere. |
Large Eruptions of Shikotsu | Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LaMEVE) database of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA). |
EarthChem | EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA). IEDA is a collaborative effort of EarthChem and the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS). |