Global Volcanism Program

The Global Volcanism Program has no activity reports available for Bakening.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Weekly Reports available for Bakening.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Bulletin Reports available for Bakening.

This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.

Synonyms

Bakang | Kamchatka Peak | Bakkenin | Bakenin | Bakangin

Domes

Feature Name

Feature Type

Elevation

Latitude

Longitude

Novo-Bakening

Dome

Basic Data

Volcano Number

Last Known Eruption

Elevation

Latitude
Longitude

300123

550 BCE

2,278 m / 7,474 ft

53.905°N
158.07°E

Morphology

Volcano Landform
Composite

Volcano Types
Stratovolcano
Caldera
Lava dome(s)

Rock Types

Major
Andesite / Basaltic Andesite
Dacite
Basalt / Picro-Basalt
Rhyolite

Tectonic Setting

Subduction zone
Continental crust (> 25 km)

Population

Within 5 km
Within 10 km
Within 30 km
Within 100 km

0
10
1,583
87,139

Geological Summary

Bakening (also known as Bakenin) lies well west of the eastern volcanic range of Kamchatka, at the head of the Srednyaya Avacha River, about 100 km NNW of Petropavlovsk. Most of the volcano is of Pleistocene age, and subglacial rhyodacitic tuyas are located on the NW flanks. The andesitic stratovolcano has dacitic lava domes at its N and NE base, the latest of which (Novo Bakening) formed about 9000-10,000 years ago. A large horseshoe-shaped depression on the SE flank was the source of a large debris avalanche about 8,000-8,500 years ago that traveled 11 km E and S. The avalanche, which dammed drainages forming two lakes NE and E of the volcano, was followed by an explosive eruption and a block-and-ash flow. Several late-Pleistocene to Holocene cinder cones are located on the northern-to-southern flanks. The latest dated activity consisted of the construction of a cinder cone at the western foot of the volcano about 2,500 years ago.

References

The following references have all been used during the compilation of data for this volcano, it is not a comprehensive bibliography.

Braitseva O A, Pevzner M M, 2001. Novo-Bakening volcano of Kamchatka: its age and tephra stratigraphy. Volc Seism, 22: 581-594 (English translation).

Braitseva O, Ponomareva V, Melekestsev I, Sulerzhitsky L, Pevzner M, 2002-. Holocene Kamchatka volcanoes. http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/volcanoes/holocene/main/main.htm.

Dorendorf F, Churikova T, Koloskov A, Worner G, 2000. Late Pleistocene to Holocene activity at Bakening volcano and surrounding monogenetic centers (Kamchatka): volcanic geology and geochemical evolution. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 104: 131-151.

Melekestsev I V, Dirksen O V, Girina O A, 1999. A giant landslide-explosion cirque and a debris avalanche at Bakening volcano, Kamchatka. Volc Seism, 20: 265-279 (English translation).

Ponomareva V V, Melekestsev I V, Dirksen O V, 2006. Sector collapses and large landslides on late Pleistocene-Holocene volcanoes in Kamchatka, Russia. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 158: 117-138.

Tomkeieff S I, 1949. The volcanoes of Kamchatka. Bull Volcanol, 8: 87-113. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02596781

Vlasov G M, 1967. Kamchatka, Kuril, and Komandorskiye Islands: geological description. In: Geol of the USSR, Moscow, 31: 1-827.

Eruptive History

There is data available for 5 confirmed Holocene eruptive periods.

0550 BCE Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption

Western flank

0550 BCE - Unknown

Evidence from Correlation: Tephrochronology

List of 4 Events for Episode 1 at Western flank

Start Date	End Date	Event Type
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Cinder Cone
- - - -	- - - -	Ash
0550 BCE	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1550 BCE (?) Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

SE flank

1550 BCE (?) - Unknown

Evidence from Correlation: Tephrochronology

List of 1 Events for Episode 1 at SE flank

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow

6300 BCE ± 300 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

6300 BCE ± 300 years - Unknown

Evidence from Correlation: Tephrochronology

List of 5 Events for Episode 1

Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Pyroclastic flow
- - - -	- - - -	Avalanche
- - - -	- - - -	Blocks
- - - -	- - - -	Edifice Destroyed	Collapse/avalanche

6550 BCE ± 500 years Confirmed Eruption VEI: 3

Episode 1 | Eruption

West of Bakening

6550 BCE ± 500 years - Unknown

Evidence from Correlation: Tephrochronology

List of 4 Events for Episode 1 at West of Bakening

Start Date	End Date	Event Type
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Cinder Cone
- - - -	- - - -	Ash
6550 BCE ± 500 years	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

7550 BCE ± 500 years Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2 (?)

Episode 1 | Eruption

NE flank (Novo-Bakening)

7550 BCE ± 500 years - Unknown

Evidence from Correlation: Tephrochronology

List of 4 Events for Episode 1 at NE flank (Novo-Bakening)

Start Date	End Date	Event Type
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow
- - - -	- - - -	Lava dome
7550 BCE ± 500 years	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

Deformation History

There is no Deformation History data available for Bakening.

Emission History

There is no Emissions History data available for Bakening.

Photo Gallery

Three dacitic lava domes form the small peaks in the foreground of this view of the north flank of Bakening volcano. Lava flows from the central cone overlie the lava domes.

Photo by Pavel Kepezhinskas (University of Southern Florida).

Bakening, seen here from the north, is located NW of Petropavlovsk, near the headwaters of the Srednaya Avacha River and well to the west of the eastern volcanic range of Kamchatka. Lava lava domes formed at the base and about 8,500-8,000 years ago the summit collapsed and produced a large debris avalanche to the SE.

Photo by Pavel Kepezhinskas (University of Southern Florida).

Bakening, seen here from the north, rises above a basement of metamorphic greenschists that underlie the forested slopes in the center of the photo. Lava flows overlie lava domes at the base, which is located far west of the eastern volcanic range of Kamchatka.

Photo by Pavel Kepezhinskas, 1993 (University of Southern Florida).

GVP Map Holdings

Maps are not currently available due to technical issues.

The maps shown below have been scanned from the GVP map archives and include the volcano on this page. Clicking on the small images will load the full 300 dpi map. Very small-scale maps (such as world maps) are not included.

Smithsonian Sample Collections Database

There are no samples for Bakening in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences Rock and Ore collection.

External Sites

Copernicus Browser

The Copernicus Browser replaced the Sentinel Hub Playground browser in 2023, to provide access to Earth observation archives from the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, the main distribution platform for data from the EU Copernicus missions.

MIROVA

Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity (MIROVA) is a near real time volcanic hot-spot detection system based on the analysis of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. In particular, MIROVA uses the Middle InfraRed Radiation (MIR), measured over target volcanoes, in order to detect, locate and measure the heat radiation sourced from volcanic activity.

MODVOLC Thermal Alerts

Using infrared satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, scientists at the Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i, developed an automated system called MODVOLC to map thermal hot-spots in near real time. For each MODIS image, the algorithm automatically scans each 1 km pixel within it to check for high-temperature hot-spots. When one is found the date, time, location, and intensity are recorded. MODIS looks at every square km of the Earth every 48 hours, once during the day and once during the night, and the presence of two MODIS sensors in space allows at least four hot-spot observations every two days. Each day updated global maps are compiled to display the locations of all hot spots detected in the previous 24 hours. There is a drop-down list with volcano names which allow users to 'zoom-in' and examine the distribution of hot-spots at a variety of spatial scales.

WOVOdat
   Single Volcano View
   Temporal Evolution of Unrest
   Side by Side Volcanoes

WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. It is sponsored by the World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO) and presently hosted at the Earth Observatory of Singapore.

GVMID Data on Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure The Global Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure Database GVMID, is aimed at documenting and improving capabilities of volcano monitoring from the ground and space. GVMID should provide a snapshot and baseline view of the techniques and instrumentation that are in place at various volcanoes, which can be use by volcano observatories as reference to setup new monitoring system or improving networks at a specific volcano. These data will allow identification of what monitoring gaps exist, which can be then targeted by remote sensing infrastructure and future instrument deployments.

Volcanic Hazard Maps

The IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Hazards and Risk has a Volcanic Hazard Maps database designed to serve as a resource for hazard mappers (or other interested parties) to explore how common issues in hazard map development have been addressed at different volcanoes, in different countries, for different hazards, and for different intended audiences. In addition to the comprehensive, searchable Volcanic Hazard Maps Database, this website contains information about diversity of volcanic hazard maps, illustrated using examples from the database. This site is for educational purposes related to volcanic hazard maps. Hazard maps found on this website should not be used for emergency purposes. For the most recent, official hazard map for a particular volcano, please seek out the proper institutional authorities on the matter.

IRIS seismic stations/networks

Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Services map showing the location of seismic stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 0.18° (about 20 km at mid-latitudes) from the given location of Bakening. Users can customize a variety of filters and options in the left panel. Note that if there are no stations are known the map will default to show the entire world with a "No data matched request" error notice.

UNAVCO GPS/GNSS stations

Geodetic Data Services map from UNAVCO showing the location of GPS/GNSS stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 20 km from the given location of Bakening. Users can customize the data search based on station or network names, location, and time window. Requires Adobe Flash Player.

DECADE Data

The DECADE portal, still in the developmental stage, serves as an example of the proposed interoperability between The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, the Mapping Gas Emissions (MaGa) Database, and the EarthChem Geochemical Portal. The Deep Earth Carbon Degassing (DECADE) initiative seeks to use new and established technologies to determine accurate global fluxes of volcanic CO₂ to the atmosphere, but installing CO₂ monitoring networks on 20 of the world's 150 most actively degassing volcanoes. The group uses related laboratory-based studies (direct gas sampling and analysis, melt inclusions) to provide new data for direct degassing of deep earth carbon to the atmosphere.

Large Eruptions of Bakening

Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LaMEVE) database of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA).

EarthChem

EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA). IEDA is a collaborative effort of EarthChem and the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS).