Global Volcanism Program

The Global Volcanism Program has no activity reports available for Wudalianchi.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Weekly Reports available for Wudalianchi.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Bulletin Reports available for Wudalianchi.

This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.

Synonyms

Cones

Feature Name

Feature Type

Elevation

Latitude

Longitude

Beigelaqiushan
North Gelaqiu

Cone

534 m

48° 44' 41" N

126° 0' 27" E

Bijiashan
Pi-Chia-shan
Sanjianshan

Cone

505 m

Dongjiaodebushan
Tung-Chiao-te-Pu-shan
East Jiaodebu

Cone

510 m

48° 39' 15" N

126° 17' 16" E

Donglongmenshan
Tung-Lung-Men-shan
East Longmen

Cone

557 m

48° 42' 21" N

126° 21' 56" E

Huoshaoshan
    Liangbanshan
    Kocher
    Lianbanshan

Cone

361 m

48° 44' 15" N

126° 9' 19" E

Laoheishan
Wassiljew

Cone

490 m

48° 42' 51" N

126° 7' 13" E

Molabushan

Cone

512 m

48° 45' 4" N

126° 24' 36" E

Nangelaqiushan
Nan-Ko-la-shan
South Gelaqiu

Cone

570 m

48° 44' 17" N

126° 0' 6" E

Nomoer

Cone

486 m

48° 41' 9" N

126° 4' 53" E

Weishan

Cone

517 m

Wohushan

Cone

496 m

Xiaogushan
    Yingbeishan
    Yen-Pei-shan
    West Aogu

Cone

454 m

Xijiaodebushan
Hsi-Chiao-te-Pu-shan
West Jiaodebu

Cone

467 m

48° 38' 21" N

126° 15' 18" E

Xilongmenshan
West Longmen

Cone

565 m

48° 42' 31" N

126° 21' 6" E

Yaoquanshan
Yao-Chuan-shan

Cone

356 m

Basic Data

Volcano Number

Last Known Eruption

Elevation

Latitude
Longitude

305030

1776 CE

597 m / 1,959 ft

48.722°N
126.15°E

Morphology

Volcano Landform
Cluster

Volcano Types
Volcanic field

Rock Types

Major
Trachybasalt / Tephrite Basanite

Tectonic Setting

Intraplate
Continental crust (> 25 km)

Population

Within 5 km
Within 10 km
Within 30 km
Within 100 km

57,885
57,885
136,201
2,164,526

Geological Summary

The Wudalianchi volcanic field, named for a string of five scenic lava-dammed lakes, consists of 14 cinder cones capping a 500 km² shield-like lava plateau in NE China. The volcanic field, whose name means "Five Connected Pools" was formed during five eruptive cycles from the early Pleistocene to historical time. Its ancient name was "Nine Hills," which after the historical eruptions now number 14 hills. The cinder cones were erupted through basement sedimentary and granitic rocks and show a preferred alignment along three chains at the intersection of NE- and NW-trending lineaments. In addition to the historical cinder cones of Laoheishan and Huoshaoshan, Xilongmenshan and Donglongmenshan are Holocene in age. The freshly preserved cones of Laoheishan and Huoshaoshan were formed during eruptions in 1720-21. Fissures at the base of the two new cinder cones fed glassy pahoehoe and aa lava flows that covered 65 km² and formed the five lakes of Wudalianchi at their eastern and northern margins. Renewed eruptions took place in 1776.

This volcano is located within the Wudalianchi, a UNESCO Global Geopark property.

References

The following references have all been used during the compilation of data for this volcano, it is not a comprehensive bibliography.

Chen H, Ren J, Wu X, 1999. Volcanic eruptive processes and characteristics of the current volcanoes in the Wudalianchi volcano clusters known from Manchurian-language historical archives discovered at present (in Chinese with English abs). Geol Rev, 45(Suppl): 409-413.

Feng M, 1982. The eruptions of Wudalianchi volcanoes of China. Volcano News, 10: 4-5.

Feng M, Keyi G, Wang F, 1979. Wudalianchi Volcanoes in China. Shanghai: Shanghai Sci Tech Publishers, 85 p.

Feng M, Whitford-Stark J L, 1986. The 1719-1721 eruptions of potassium-rich lavas at Wudalianchi, China. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 30: 130-148.

Liu J, Taniguchi H, 2001. Active volcanoes in China. Tohoku Asian Studies, 6: 173-189.

Ogura T, 1969. Volcanoes in Manchuria. In: Ogura T (ed) Geology and Mineral Resources of the Far East, Tokyo: Univ Tokyo Press, 2: 373-413.

Vlodavetz V I, Piip B I, 1959. Kamchatka and Continental Areas of Asia. Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World and Solfatara Fields, Rome: IAVCEI, 8: 1-110.

Wei H, Sparks R S J, Liu R, Fan Q, Wang Y, Hong H, Zhang H, Chen H, Jiang C, Dong J, Zheng Y, Pan Y, 2003. Three active volcanoes in China and their hazards. J Asian Earth Sci, 21: 515-526.

Whitford-Stark J L, 1987. A survey of Cenozoic volcanism on mainland Asia. Geol Soc Amer Spec Pap, 213: 1-74.

Whitford-Stark J L, 1987. (pers. comm.).

Zhang M, 1989. (pers. comm.).

Zhang M, Suddaby P, Thompson R N, Thirwall M F, Menzies M A, 1995. Potassic volcanic rocks in NE China: geochemical constraints on mantle sources and magma genesis. J Petr, 36: 1275-1303.

Eruptive History

There is data available for 2 confirmed Holocene eruptive periods.

1776 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2 (?)

Episode 1 | Eruption

Laoheishan

1776 - Unknown

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 5 Events for Episode 1 at Laoheishan

Start Date	End Date	Event Type
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow
- - - -	- - - -	Pumice
- - - -	- - - -	Evacuations
1776	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1720 Jan 14 - 1721 Jun Confirmed Eruption VEI: 3

Episode 1 | Eruption

Laoheishan and Huoshaoshan

1720 Jan 14 - 1721 Jun

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 10 Events for Episode 1 at Laoheishan and Huoshaoshan

Start Date	End Date	Event Type
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Phreatic activity
- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow
- - - -	- - - -	Cinder Cone
- - - -	- - - -	Lapilli
- - - -	- - - -	Bombs
- - - -	- - - -	Scoria
- - - -	- - - -	Lightning
- - - -	- - - -	Earthquakes (undefined)
1720 Jan 14	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

Deformation History

There is no Deformation History data available for Wudalianchi.

Emission History

There is no Emissions History data available for Wudalianchi.

Photo Gallery

The Pleistocene Nangelaqiushan scoria cone contains a 500-m-wide flat-bottomed crater, is one of many cones forming the Wudalianchi volcanic field in Manchuria, NE China. The cones show a preferred alignment along three parallel NE-SW trends. The Wudalianchi volcanic field was named for five scenic lakes dammed by lava flows during a 1719-21 eruption, which formed two new scoria cones and produced a 65 km² lava field.

Photo courtesy of Jim Whitford-Stark, Sul Ross State University, Texas (published in Feng et al., 1979).

Recent lava flows surround the Laoheishan scoria cone, one of which formed during 1719-21. Four radial fissures, two of which are seen in this view from the north, were the source of most of the 1719-21 Shilong lava flows, which cover a 65 km² area surrounding Laoheishan and the Huoshaoshan scoria cone to the NE. The dominantly pahoehoe lava flows, many of which were tube-fed, blocked local drainages and formed several small lakes at the eastern and northern margins of the lava field.

Photo courtesy of Jim Whitford-Stark, Sul Ross State University, Texas (published in Feng et al., 1979).

Laoheishan is one of two scoria cones that formed during the 1719-21 eruption of the Wudalianchi volcanic field and contains a 350-m-wide, 145-m-deep summit crater. A smaller vegetated crater on the NE flank can be seen to the lower left. Laoheishan formed a large portion of an extensive lava field that surrounds it and Huoshaoshan, the other scoria cone that formed during the eruption.

Photo courtesy of Jim Whitford-Stark, Sul Ross State University, Texas (published in Feng et al., 1979).

GVP Map Holdings

Maps are not currently available due to technical issues.

The maps shown below have been scanned from the GVP map archives and include the volcano on this page. Clicking on the small images will load the full 300 dpi map. Very small-scale maps (such as world maps) are not included.

Smithsonian Sample Collections Database

There are no samples for Wudalianchi in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences Rock and Ore collection.

External Sites

Copernicus Browser

The Copernicus Browser replaced the Sentinel Hub Playground browser in 2023, to provide access to Earth observation archives from the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, the main distribution platform for data from the EU Copernicus missions.

MIROVA

Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity (MIROVA) is a near real time volcanic hot-spot detection system based on the analysis of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. In particular, MIROVA uses the Middle InfraRed Radiation (MIR), measured over target volcanoes, in order to detect, locate and measure the heat radiation sourced from volcanic activity.

MODVOLC Thermal Alerts

Using infrared satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, scientists at the Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i, developed an automated system called MODVOLC to map thermal hot-spots in near real time. For each MODIS image, the algorithm automatically scans each 1 km pixel within it to check for high-temperature hot-spots. When one is found the date, time, location, and intensity are recorded. MODIS looks at every square km of the Earth every 48 hours, once during the day and once during the night, and the presence of two MODIS sensors in space allows at least four hot-spot observations every two days. Each day updated global maps are compiled to display the locations of all hot spots detected in the previous 24 hours. There is a drop-down list with volcano names which allow users to 'zoom-in' and examine the distribution of hot-spots at a variety of spatial scales.

WOVOdat
   Single Volcano View
   Temporal Evolution of Unrest
   Side by Side Volcanoes

WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. It is sponsored by the World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO) and presently hosted at the Earth Observatory of Singapore.

GVMID Data on Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure The Global Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure Database GVMID, is aimed at documenting and improving capabilities of volcano monitoring from the ground and space. GVMID should provide a snapshot and baseline view of the techniques and instrumentation that are in place at various volcanoes, which can be use by volcano observatories as reference to setup new monitoring system or improving networks at a specific volcano. These data will allow identification of what monitoring gaps exist, which can be then targeted by remote sensing infrastructure and future instrument deployments.

Volcanic Hazard Maps

The IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Hazards and Risk has a Volcanic Hazard Maps database designed to serve as a resource for hazard mappers (or other interested parties) to explore how common issues in hazard map development have been addressed at different volcanoes, in different countries, for different hazards, and for different intended audiences. In addition to the comprehensive, searchable Volcanic Hazard Maps Database, this website contains information about diversity of volcanic hazard maps, illustrated using examples from the database. This site is for educational purposes related to volcanic hazard maps. Hazard maps found on this website should not be used for emergency purposes. For the most recent, official hazard map for a particular volcano, please seek out the proper institutional authorities on the matter.

IRIS seismic stations/networks

Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Services map showing the location of seismic stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 0.18° (about 20 km at mid-latitudes) from the given location of Wudalianchi. Users can customize a variety of filters and options in the left panel. Note that if there are no stations are known the map will default to show the entire world with a "No data matched request" error notice.

UNAVCO GPS/GNSS stations

Geodetic Data Services map from UNAVCO showing the location of GPS/GNSS stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 20 km from the given location of Wudalianchi. Users can customize the data search based on station or network names, location, and time window. Requires Adobe Flash Player.

DECADE Data

The DECADE portal, still in the developmental stage, serves as an example of the proposed interoperability between The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, the Mapping Gas Emissions (MaGa) Database, and the EarthChem Geochemical Portal. The Deep Earth Carbon Degassing (DECADE) initiative seeks to use new and established technologies to determine accurate global fluxes of volcanic CO₂ to the atmosphere, but installing CO₂ monitoring networks on 20 of the world's 150 most actively degassing volcanoes. The group uses related laboratory-based studies (direct gas sampling and analysis, melt inclusions) to provide new data for direct degassing of deep earth carbon to the atmosphere.

Large Eruptions of Wudalianchi

Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LaMEVE) database of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA).

EarthChem

EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA). IEDA is a collaborative effort of EarthChem and the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS).