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Callaqui

Photo of this volcano
  • Country
  • Volcanic Region
  • Landform | Volc Type
  • Last Known Eruption
  • 37.92°S
  • 71.45°W

  • 3,164 m
    10,381 ft

  • 357091
  • Latitude
  • Longitude

  • Summit
    Elevation

  • Volcano
    Number

Most Recent Weekly Report: 26 January-1 February 2022 Citation IconCite this Report

In a special statement issued on 27 January, SERNAGEOMIN reported that a small area of incandescence on the SW part of Callaqui’s summit crater was visible in webcam images overnight beginning at 2155 on 26 January. The glow was persistent and visible during dark hours, and was likely the result of increased temperatures at fumarolic vents. More intense gas emissions from the same area were visible rising 380 m the next day. The report noted that this was the first time incandescence had been recorded since the camera was installed in 2012. The Alert Level remained at Green, the lowest level on a four-color scale.

Source: Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería (SERNAGEOMIN)


Most Recent Bulletin Report: December 1997 (BGVN 22:12) Citation IconCite this Report

Stable during June-August 1997

A report received in early December noted stable activity during June through August 1997. The same report also described a new seismic system and some initial tremor and seismic data. The Department of Humanitarian Affairs of the United Nations sponsored a project that began in August 1997; this enabled scientists to study Callaqui under the auspices of the Observatorio Volcanológico de Los Andes del Sur (OVDAS) of SERNAGEOMIN and the Oficina Nacional de Emergencia del Ministerio del Interior.

The new seismic system includes a vertical-axis, 1-second-period geophone, a digitizer, and a computer. Upon collection, signals are telemetered and processesed by OVDAS in Temuco.

During August-October the tremor had characteristic frequency ranges from 0.9-1.6 Hz. For August-October the number of daily earthquakes averaged 0.96, 0.26, and 0.53 events/day. Seismic-amplitude averages (RSAM values) during the 3 months remained stable at 2.5.

Information Contacts: Gustavo Fuentealba C., Paola Peña S., and Klaus Bataille, Observatorio Volcanológico de Los Andes del Sur (OVDAS), Manantial 1710-Carmino del Alba, Temuco, Chile.

Weekly Reports - Index


2022: January
2011: December
2009: January
2008: February


26 January-1 February 2022 Citation IconCite this Report

In a special statement issued on 27 January, SERNAGEOMIN reported that a small area of incandescence on the SW part of Callaqui’s summit crater was visible in webcam images overnight beginning at 2155 on 26 January. The glow was persistent and visible during dark hours, and was likely the result of increased temperatures at fumarolic vents. More intense gas emissions from the same area were visible rising 380 m the next day. The report noted that this was the first time incandescence had been recorded since the camera was installed in 2012. The Alert Level remained at Green, the lowest level on a four-color scale.

Source: Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería (SERNAGEOMIN)


28 December-3 January 2012 Citation IconCite this Report

Based on a pilot observation, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that the top of an ash plume from Callaqui was at 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. on 2 January. Ash was not detected in satellite imagery under clear skies.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)


21 January-27 January 2009 Citation IconCite this Report

Based on a pilot observation and analysis of satellite imagery, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that an ash plume from Callaqui drifted NE on 22 January. The VAAC also reported that an ash plume from Nevados de Chillán, a nearby volcano 120 km N, drifted SE on 21 and 22 January.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)


13 February-19 February 2008 Citation IconCite this Report

According to news articles on 14 February, scientists from the Universidad de Concepción will install instruments to monitor Callaqui. Local residents reported feeling earthquakes and hearing constant rumbling noises during the previous few weeks.

Source: El Mostrador


Bulletin Reports - Index

Reports are organized chronologically and indexed below by Month/Year (Publication Volume:Number), and include a one-line summary. Click on the index link or scroll down to read the reports.

10/1980 (Ref 1985) Ash emission from summit

03/1990 (BGVN 15:03) Steam jetting from fumaroles

03/1997 (BGVN 22:03) Continuous fumarolic activity at main vent and upper S flank

12/1997 (BGVN 22:12) Stable during June-August 1997




Information is preliminary and subject to change. All times are local (unless otherwise noted)


October 1980 (Ref 1985)

Ash emission from summit

A small phreatic ash emission from its summit was observed in October 1980.

Reference. Moreno, H., 1985, Personal communication.

Information Contacts:


March 1990 (BGVN 15:03) Citation IconCite this Report

Steam jetting from fumaroles

Steam jets from that rose 300-400 m from fumaroles on the SE flank, 200 m below the summit, were observed during dry weather at about noon on 9 and 16 March.

Information Contacts: J. Naranjo, SERNAGEOMIN, Santiago; H. Moreno, Univ de Chile.


March 1997 (BGVN 22:03) Citation IconCite this Report

Continuous fumarolic activity at main vent and upper S flank

A late-March overflight made after a prolonged dry season enabled views of Callaqui with relatively low snow levels. At the time of the overflight, the main vent at the summit showed vigorous steam emissions and sulfur deposits were noted around the two main fumarolic vents. Similar levels of fumarolic activity were noted over the preceding three weeks. Both the south side of the summit and the uppermost southern flank, at the head of the glaciers feeding the Río Malla, had continuous fumarolic activity. Rocks in these areas were highly altered. Emissions from the southern flank were more diffuse.

Information Contacts: Jose Antonio Naranjo, Servicio Nacional de Geología e Minería (SERNAGEOMIN), Av. Santa María 0104, Casilla 10465, Santiago, Chile; Hugo Moreno Roa, Observatorío Volcanogía de los Andes del Sur (OVDAS), Manantial 1710-Carmino del Alba, Temuco, Chile; Simon R. Young, British Geological Survey (BGS), Murchison House, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3LA, United Kingdom.


December 1997 (BGVN 22:12) Citation IconCite this Report

Stable during June-August 1997

A report received in early December noted stable activity during June through August 1997. The same report also described a new seismic system and some initial tremor and seismic data. The Department of Humanitarian Affairs of the United Nations sponsored a project that began in August 1997; this enabled scientists to study Callaqui under the auspices of the Observatorio Volcanológico de Los Andes del Sur (OVDAS) of SERNAGEOMIN and the Oficina Nacional de Emergencia del Ministerio del Interior.

The new seismic system includes a vertical-axis, 1-second-period geophone, a digitizer, and a computer. Upon collection, signals are telemetered and processesed by OVDAS in Temuco.

During August-October the tremor had characteristic frequency ranges from 0.9-1.6 Hz. For August-October the number of daily earthquakes averaged 0.96, 0.26, and 0.53 events/day. Seismic-amplitude averages (RSAM values) during the 3 months remained stable at 2.5.

Information Contacts: Gustavo Fuentealba C., Paola Peña S., and Klaus Bataille, Observatorio Volcanológico de Los Andes del Sur (OVDAS), Manantial 1710-Carmino del Alba, Temuco, Chile.

This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.

Eruptive History

There is data available for 2 confirmed Holocene eruptive periods.

[ 2012 Jan 2 - 2012 Jan 2 ] Uncertain Eruption

Episode 1 | Uncertain
2012 Jan 2 - 2012 Jan 2 Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
2012 Jan 2    - - - - Explosion Uncertain
2012 Jan 2    - - - - Ash Uncertain

[ 2009 Jan 22 - 2009 Jan 22 ] Uncertain Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption
2009 Jan 22 - 2009 Jan 22 Evidence from Unknown

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion Uncertain
   - - - -    - - - - Ash Uncertain

1980 Oct 16 ± 15 days - 1980 Oct 16 ± 15 days Confirmed Eruption VEI: 1

Episode 1 | Eruption
1980 Oct 16 ± 15 days - 1980 Oct 16 ± 15 days Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 3 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Phreatic activity weak or small
   - - - -    - - - - Ash
1980 Oct    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

[ 1937 Sep 18 ] Uncertain Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption
1937 Sep 18 - Unknown Evidence from Unknown

[ 1872 ] Discredited Eruption

[ 1864 Oct ] Uncertain Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption
1864 Oct - Unknown Evidence from Unknown

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion Uncertain
   - - - -    - - - - Fumarolic or Solfataric Uncertain

1751 Dec 31 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption
1751 Dec 31 - Unknown Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 3 Events for Episode 1

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Ash
1751 Dec 31    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)
Deformation History

There is no Deformation History data available for Callaqui.

Emission History

There is no Emissions History data available for Callaqui.

Photo Gallery

Snow-capped Callaqui volcano rises in the distance north of the foreground slopes of Lonquimay volcano. The dark area at the right in this January 1989 view is a new lava flow from a NE-flank eruption of Lonquimay that began on December 25, 1988. The lava flow split into two lobes, the Laguna Verde lobe (seen here) and the Río Lolco lobe, which eventually traveled 10 km to the NE. Callaqui volcano in the background is another historically active volcano of the central Chilean Andes.

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1989.
The ice-capped, 3164-m-high Callaqui volcano has an elongated profile due to construction along an 11-km-long, SW-NE-trending fissure. As many as 16 well-preserved volcanic craters, the majority of which are on the SW flank, have erupted along this fissure and produced lava flows that mantle the volcano's flanks. Two large, ice-filled craters are located at the summit, and intense solfataric activity occurs on the southern side.

Photo by Oscar González-Ferrán (University of Chile).
The broad glacier-covered summit of Volcán Copahue along the Chile/Argentina border is seen from the SE with conical Callaqui volcano in the distance. The lake-filled active crater of Copahue (lower center) has been the site of historical eruptions. The composite cone was constructed along the Chile/Argentina border within an 8-km-wide caldera formed 0.6 million years ago. The eastern summit crater is part of a 2-km-long, ENE-WSW line of nine craters that cuts across the western rim of the caldera.

Photo by Oscar González-Ferrán, 1992 (University of Chile).
GVP Map Holdings

Maps are not currently available due to technical issues.

The maps shown below have been scanned from the GVP map archives and include the volcano on this page. Clicking on the small images will load the full 300 dpi map. Very small-scale maps (such as world maps) are not included.

Smithsonian Sample Collections Database

There are no samples for Callaqui in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences Rock and Ore collection.

External Sites