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Hengill

Photo of this volcano
  • Country
  • Volcanic Region
  • Landform | Volc Type
  • Last Known Eruption
  • 64.083°N
  • 21.416°W

  • 803 m
    2,635 ft

  • 371050
  • Latitude
  • Longitude

  • Summit
    Elevation

  • Volcano
    Number

The Global Volcanism Program has no activity reports available for Hengill.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Weekly Reports available for Hengill.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Bulletin Reports available for Hengill.

Eruptive History

There is data available for 13 confirmed Holocene eruptive periods.

0150 ± 75 years Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) Nesjahraun, Reykjafellshraun
0150 ± 75 years - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

List of 5 Events for Episode 1 at Nesjahraun, Reykjafellshraun

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Phreatic activity
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow
   - - - -    - - - - Cinder Cone
0150 ± 75 years    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

0080 BCE ± 75 years Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) Eldborg undir Meitlum
0080 BCE ± 75 years - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 4 Events for Episode 1 at Eldborg undir Meitlum

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow
   - - - -    - - - - Cinder Cone
0080 BCE ± 75 years    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

1730 BCE ± 50 years Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) VEI: 0

Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) Thjófahraun
1730 BCE ± 50 years - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Thjófahraun

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow
1730 BCE ± 50 years    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

3250 BCE (?) Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) VEI: 0

Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) Leitahraun, Ellidaárhraun
3250 BCE (?) - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

List of 4 Events for Episode 1 at Leitahraun, Ellidaárhraun

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Lava fountains
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow
   - - - -    - - - - Lava lake
3250 BCE
(?)
   - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

3750 BCE (?) Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) Hagavikurhraun
3750 BCE (?) - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

List of 5 Events for Episode 1 at Hagavikurhraun

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Explosion
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow
   - - - -    - - - - Ash
   - - - -    - - - - Scoria
3750 BCE
(?)
   - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

5000 BCE (?) Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive)  

Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) Eldborgir
5000 BCE (?) - Unknown Evidence from Correlation: Tephrochronology

List of 1 Events for Episode 1 at Eldborgir

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow

5550 BCE ± 500 years Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) VEI: 0

Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) Stangarhals
5550 BCE ± 500 years - Unknown Evidence from Correlation: Tephrochronology

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Stangarhals

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow
5550 BCE ± 500 years    - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

7100 BCE (?) Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) VEI: 0

Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) Gjabakkahraun
7100 BCE (?) - Unknown Evidence from Correlation: Tephrochronology

List of 4 Events for Episode 1 at Gjabakkahraun

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Lava fountains
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow
   - - - -    - - - - Lava lake
7100 BCE
(?)
   - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

7300 BCE (?) Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive)  

Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) Brunnar/Skogarkot
7300 BCE (?) - Unknown Evidence from Correlation: Tephrochronology

List of 1 Events for Episode 1 at Brunnar/Skogarkot

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow

7550 BCE (?) Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) VEI: 0

Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) Selvogsheidi
7550 BCE (?) - Unknown Evidence from Correlation: Tephrochronology

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Selvogsheidi

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow
7550 BCE
(?)
   - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

8200 BCE (?) Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) VEI: 0

Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) Hafnarhraun
8200 BCE (?) - Unknown Evidence from Correlation: Tephrochronology

List of 5 Events for Episode 1 at Hafnarhraun

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Lava fountains
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow Entered water.
   - - - -    - - - - Lava lake
8200 BCE
(?)
   - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

8250 BCE (?) Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) VEI: 0

Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) Thingvallahraun
8250 BCE (?) - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

List of 4 Events for Episode 1 at Thingvallahraun

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Lava fountains
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow
   - - - -    - - - - Lava lake
8250 BCE
(?)
   - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

8350 BCE (?) Confirmed Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) VEI: 0

Episode 1 | Eruption (Explosive / Effusive) SSW of Hengill (Hellisheid-A)
8350 BCE (?) - Unknown Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

List of 4 Events for Episode 1 at SSW of Hengill (Hellisheid-A)

Start Date End Date Event Type Event Remarks
   - - - -    - - - - Lava fountains
   - - - -    - - - - Lava flow
   - - - -    - - - - Lava lake
8350 BCE
(?)
   - - - - VEI (Explosivity Index)

This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.

Photo Gallery

An aerial perspective of Thingvellir, the site of Iceland's historical outdoor parliament, shows the NE-SW-trending Almannagjá fissure cutting diagonally across the left side of the photo. Other prominent fissures cutting lavas of the Hengill volcanic system appear at the right. The Logberg, or law-hill (located at the lower left below the 30-40 m high Almannagja fissure) was the site where the laws of the country were proclaimed during the annual two-week-long parliamentary session in late June and early July.

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft.
The Hengill volcanic system, mostly located SW of Thingvallavatn lake, consists of a series of NE-SW-trending fissure vents, crater rows, and small shield volcanoes occupying a strongly faulted graben. This view looks NE from the margin of a graben containing Hengill lava at Thingvellir, the site of Iceland's old parliament. The latest eruption of the Hengill volcanic system was radiocarbon dated at about 1900 years before present. Geothermally heated greenhouses, hot springs, and geysers are found at Hveragerdi.

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft.
An aerial view from the NE shows the Hengill central shield volcano on the center horizon rising above Thingvallavatn lake. Steam rises from the Nesjavallavirkjun geothermal area in front of the peak. NE-trending fault scarps extend into the lake. Holocene fissure-fed eruptions have occurred from vents both northeast and southwest of the Hengill central volcano, with fissures extending into the lake. Just out of the bottom of the picture (north) is an island where phreatomagmatic activity created a tephra ring called Sandey about 1,900 years ago.

Photo by Oddur Sigurdsson, 1998 (Icelandic National Energy Authority).
The Hengill central volcano in the right background rises above Thingvallavatn lake as seen from Thingvellir, the historical site of the Icelandic parliament. Steam clouds rise from the Nesjavellir geothermal area in this view from the northeast. Graben structures in the foreground cut the Thingvallahraun lava flow in the foreground, which was erupted about 10,000 years ago. The cone in the lake on the left is Sandey, a tuff ring formed in a phreatomagmatic eruption about 1,900 years ago.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 2008 (Smithsonian Institution).
Smithsonian Sample Collections Database

There are no samples for Hengill in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences Rock and Ore collection.

External Sites