Iceland Volcanoes
Iceland has 35 Holocene volcanoes. Note that as a scientific organization we provide these listings for informational purposes only, with no international legal or policy implications. Volcanoes will be included on this list if they are within the boundaries of a country, on a shared boundary or area, in a remote territory, or within a maritime Exclusive Economic Zone. Bolded volcanoes have erupted within the past 20 years. Suggestions and data updates are always welcome ().
Volcano Name | Location | Last Eruption | Primary Volcano Type |
---|---|---|---|
Askja | Iceland (northeastern) | 1961 CE | Stratovolcano |
Bardarbunga | Iceland (northeastern) | 2015 CE | Stratovolcano |
Brennisteinsfjoll | Reykjanes Peninsula | 1341 CE | Crater rows |
Eldey | Reykjanes Peninsula | 1926 CE | Submarine |
Esjufjoll | Iceland (southeastern) | Unknown - Unrest / Holocene | Stratovolcano |
Eyjafjallajokull | Iceland (southern) | 2010 CE | Stratovolcano |
Fagradalsfjall | Iceland (southwestern) | 2022 CE | Fissure vent |
Fremrinamar | Iceland (northeastern) | 1200 BCE | Stratovolcano |
Grimsnes | Iceland (southwestern) | 3500 BCE | Volcanic field |
Grimsvotn | Iceland (northeastern) | 2011 CE | Caldera |
Heidarspordar | Iceland (northeastern) | 300 BCE | Fissure vent |
Hekla | Iceland (southern) | 2000 CE | Stratovolcano |
Helgrindur | Snaefellsnes Peninsula | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Volcanic field |
Hengill | Reykjanes Peninsula | 150 CE | Crater rows |
Hofsjokull | Iceland (southwestern) | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Subglacial |
Hromundartindur | Reykjanes Peninsula | Unknown - Evidence Uncertain | Stratovolcano |
Katla | Iceland (southern) | 1918 CE | Subglacial |
Kolbeinsey Ridge | North of Iceland | 1755 CE | Submarine |
Krafla | Iceland (northeastern) | 1984 CE | Caldera |
Krysuvik-Trolladyngja | Reykjanes Peninsula | 1340 CE | Crater rows |
Kverkfjoll | Iceland (northeastern) | 1968 CE | Stratovolcano |
Ljosufjoll | Snaefellsnes Peninsula | 960 CE | Volcanic field |
Oddnyjarhnjukur-Langjokull | Iceland (southwestern) | 950 CE | Subglacial |
Oraefajokull | Iceland (southeastern) | 1728 CE | Stratovolcano |
Prestahnukur | Iceland (southwestern) | 3350 BCE | Subglacial |
Reykjanes | Reykjanes Peninsula | 1831 CE | Crater rows |
Snaefell | Iceland (southeastern) | Unknown - Evidence Uncertain | Stratovolcano |
Snaefellsjokull | Snaefellsnes Peninsula | 200 CE | Stratovolcano |
Theistareykir | Iceland (northeastern) | 900 BCE | Shield |
Thordarhyrna | Iceland (southern) | 1904 CE | Stratovolcano |
Tindfjallajokull | Iceland (southern) | Unknown - Evidence Uncertain | Stratovolcano |
Tjornes Fracture Zone | Iceland (northeastern) | 1868 CE | Submarine |
Torfajokull | Iceland (southern) | 1477 CE | Stratovolcano |
Tungnafellsjokull | Iceland (northeastern) | Unknown - Evidence Credible | Stratovolcano |
Vestmannaeyjar | Iceland (southern) | 1973 CE | Submarine |
Chronological listing of known Holocene eruptions (confirmed or uncertain) from volcanoes in Iceland. Bolded eruptions indicate continuing activity.
Volcano Name | Start Date | Stop Date | Certainty | VEI | Evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fagradalsfjall | 2022 Aug 3 | 2022 Aug 21 | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Fagradalsfjall | 2021 Mar 19 | 2021 Sep 18 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Bardarbunga | 2014 Aug 29 | 2015 Feb 27 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Grimsvotn | 2011 May 21 | 2011 May 25 | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Eyjafjallajokull | 2010 Mar 20 | 2010 Jun 23 | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Bardarbunga | [2008 Aug 16 ± 15 days] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Bardarbunga | [2006 Apr 16 ± 15 days] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Bardarbunga | [2005 Jul 16 ± 15 days] | [2005 Aug 16 ± 15 days] | Uncertain | ||
Grimsvotn | 2004 Nov 1 | 2004 Nov 4 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Bardarbunga | [2002 Jul 16 ± 15 days] | [2002 Sep 16 ± 15 days] | Uncertain | ||
Bardarbunga | [2000 Aug 16 ± 15 days] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Hekla | 2000 Feb 26 | 2000 Mar 8 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Katla | [1999 Jul 17 (?)] | [1999 Aug 15 ± 5 days] | Uncertain | ||
Grimsvotn | 1998 Dec 18 | 1998 Dec 28 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Bardarbunga | [1997 Aug 16 ± 15 days] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Grimsvotn | 1996 Sep 30 | 1996 Nov 6 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Bardarbunga | [1996 Aug 16 ± 15 days] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Bardarbunga | [1995 Jul 16 ± 15 days] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Bardarbunga | [1991 Aug 12] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Hekla | 1991 Jan 17 | 1991 Mar 11 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Bardarbunga | [1986 Nov 29] | [1986 Dec 1 (?)] | Uncertain | ||
Krafla | 1984 Sep 4 | 1984 Sep 18 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Grimsvotn | [1984 Aug 20 (in or before)] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Grimsvotn | 1983 May 28 | 1983 Jun 2 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Krafla | 1981 Nov 18 | 1981 Nov 23 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Hekla | 1981 Apr 9 | 1981 Apr 16 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Krafla | 1981 Jan 30 | 1981 Feb 4 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Hekla | 1980 Aug 17 | 1980 Aug 20 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Krafla | 1980 Mar 16 | 1980 Oct 23 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Krafla | 1977 Apr 27 | 1977 Sep 8 | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Krafla | 1975 Dec 20 | 1975 Dec 20 | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Vestmannaeyjar | 1973 Jan 23 | 1973 Jun 28 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Grimsvotn | [1972 Mar 16 ± 15 days] | [1972 Apr 16 ± 15 days] | Uncertain | ||
Reykjanes | [1970 Jul 2 (?) ± 182 days] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Hekla | 1970 May 5 | 1970 Jul 5 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Kverkfjoll | 1968 May 23 | 1968 Jun 16 ± 15 days | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Reykjanes | [1966 Jul 2 ± 182 days] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Vestmannaeyjar | 1963 Nov 8 | 1967 Jun 5 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Askja | 1961 Oct 26 | 1961 Dec 5 ± 4 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Kverkfjoll | 1959 Jul 2 ± 182 days | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Katla | [1955 Jun 25] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Grimsvotn | [1954 Jul 16] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Grimsvotn | 1954 Jan 15 ± 45 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Grimsvotn | [1948 Feb] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Hekla | 1947 Mar 29 | 1948 Apr 21 | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Grimsvotn | [1945 Sep 25 (?)] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Grimsvotn | [1941 Apr] | [1941 Aug] | Uncertain | ||
Grimsvotn | [1939 Jun] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Askja | 1938 Dec 19 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Grimsvotn | 1938 May | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Grimsvotn | 1934 Dec 21 | 1934 Dec 26 | Confirmed | Unknown | |
Grimsvotn | 1934 Mar 30 | 1934 Apr 7 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Grimsvotn | 1933 Nov 29 ± 1 days | 1933 Dec 9 ± 1 days | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Kverkfjoll | 1929 Jan | 1929 Feb | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Esjufjoll | [1927 Sep 5 ± 4 days] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Askja | 1926 Jul 15 ± 45 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Eldey | 1926 Jun 5 ± 4 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Askja | 1924 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Askja | 1923 Jan 15 ± 45 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Askja | 1922 Nov | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Grimsvotn | 1922 Sep 29 | 1922 Oct 23 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Askja | 1921 Mar | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Askja | 1919 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Grimsvotn | 1919 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Unknown |
Katla | 1918 Oct 12 | 1918 Nov 4 | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Hekla | 1913 Apr 25 | 1913 May 18 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Bardarbunga | 1910 Jun 18 | 1910 Oct | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Grimsvotn | 1910 | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Thordarhyrna | 1902 Dec | 1904 Jan 12 | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Bardarbunga | 1902 Dec | 1903 Jun | Confirmed | 2 | Unknown |
Grimsvotn | 1897 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Unknown |
Vestmannaeyjar | 1896 Sep | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Grimsvotn | 1891 Nov (?) | 1892 Mar 16 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Thordarhyrna | 1887 Aug 15 | 1889 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Eldey | [1884 Jul 26] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Grimsvotn | 1883 Jan 15 | 1883 Apr 15 ± 5 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Eldey | 1879 May 30 (?) | 1879 Jun 15 ± 5 days | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Hekla | 1878 Feb 27 | 1878 Apr | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Askja | 1875 Jan 1 | 1875 Oct 17 | Confirmed | 5 | Observations: Reported |
Grimsvotn | 1873 Jan 8 | 1873 Aug | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Bardarbunga | 1872 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Unknown | |
Tjornes Fracture Zone | 1867 Dec | 1868 Jan | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Grimsvotn | 1867 Aug 29 | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Bardarbunga | 1862 Jun 30 | 1864 Oct 15 ± 45 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Grimsvotn | [1861 May] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Katla | 1860 May 8 | 1860 May 27 | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Grimsvotn | 1854 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Hekla | 1845 Sep 2 | 1846 Apr 5 (?) | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Grimsvotn | 1838 Jun | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Reykjanes | 1830 Mar 13 (?) | 1831 Mar (?) | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Katla | 1823 Jun 26 | 1823 Jul 23 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Thordarhyrna | 1823 Feb 4 ± 4 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Eyjafjallajokull | 1821 Dec 19 | 1823 Jan 1 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Grimsvotn | 1816 May | 1816 Jun (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Bardarbunga | [1807] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Bardarbunga | 1797 | Unknown | Confirmed | Unknown | |
Askja | 1797 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Grimsvotn | [1794 Jul 15 ± 45 days] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Bardarbunga | 1794 | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Reykjanes | 1783 May 1 (in or before) | 1783 Aug 15 ± 60 days | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Grimsvotn | 1783 May (?) | 1785 May 26 (?) | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Grimsvotn | 1774 Feb | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Bardarbunga | 1769 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Unknown |
Grimsvotn | 1768 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Unknown |
Bardarbunga | 1766 Jul | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Hekla | 1766 Apr 5 | 1768 May | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Katla | 1755 Oct 17 | 1756 Feb 13 | Confirmed | 5 | Observations: Reported |
Kolbeinsey Ridge | 1755 Sep 18 | Unknown | Confirmed | Unknown | |
Grimsvotn | 1753 Oct 15 ± 45 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Bardarbunga | 1750 ± 10 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Ice Core | |
Krafla | 1746 Jul 10 | 1746 Jul 10 (?) | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Bardarbunga | 1739 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Sidereal: Ice Core |
Grimsvotn | 1730 | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Kverkfjoll | 1729 Aug | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Krafla | 1729 Jun 30 | 1729 Sep 25 ± 5 days | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Kverkfjoll | 1729 Feb 15 ± 45 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Bardarbunga | 1729 | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Unknown |
Krafla | 1728 Dec 18 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Krafla | 1728 Apr 18 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Krafla | 1727 Aug 21 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Oraefajokull | 1727 Aug 3 | 1728 May 1 ± 30 days | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Bardarbunga | 1726 Feb 1 ± 30 days | 1726 May 1 ± 30 days | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Hekla | 1725 Apr 2 | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Grimsvotn | 1725 Feb | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Krafla | 1724 May 17 | 1724 May 18 | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Katla | 1721 May 11 | 1721 Oct 15 ± 45 days | Confirmed | 5 | Observations: Reported |
Bardarbunga | 1720 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Sidereal: Ice Core |
Bardarbunga | 1717 Aug 4 | 1717 Sep 17 (in or after) | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Grimsvotn | 1716 Oct 6 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Bardarbunga | 1716 Oct 5 ± 4 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Bardarbunga | 1712 Jan 15 ± 45 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Bardarbunga | 1707 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Grimsvotn | 1706 Oct 15 ± 45 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Bardarbunga | 1706 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Bardarbunga | 1702 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Unknown |
Bardarbunga | 1697 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Sidereal: Ice Core |
Grimsvotn | 1697 | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Hekla | 1693 Feb 13 | 1693 Sep 14 (?) | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Grimsvotn | 1684 Nov 5 ± 4 days | 1685 Jan | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Grimsvotn | 1681 Apr 10 | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Grimsvotn | 1665 | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Katla | 1660 Nov 3 | 1661 | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Grimsvotn | 1659 Nov | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Kverkfjoll | 1655 Apr 15 ± 45 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Grimsvotn | 1638 Feb 24 ± 4 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Vestmannaeyjar | 1637 Oct | 1638 Feb 28 ± 60 days | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Hekla | 1636 May 8 | 1637 Jun | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Grimsvotn | 1632 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Ice Core | |
Grimsvotn | 1629 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Katla | 1625 Sep 2 | 1625 Sep 14 | Confirmed | 5 | Observations: Reported |
Grimsvotn | 1622 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Ice Core | |
Grimsvotn | 1619 Jul 29 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Katla | 1612 Oct 12 | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Eyjafjallajokull | 1612 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Grimsvotn | 1610 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Ice Core | |
Grimsvotn | 1603 Oct 31 | 1603 Nov | Confirmed | 2 | Unknown |
Grimsvotn | 1598 Nov 7 | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Hekla | 1597 Jan 3 | 1597 Jun (in or after) | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Reykjanes | 1583 Jul 15 ± 45 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Katla | 1580 Aug 11 | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Hekla | 1554 May | 1554 Jun (?) | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Katla | 1550 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Grimsvotn | 1530 ± 10 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Ice Core | |
Grimsvotn | 1521 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Ice Core | |
Hekla | 1510 Jul 25 | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Grimsvotn | 1510 ± 10 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Ice Core | |
Grimsvotn | 1509 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Ice Core | |
Grimsvotn | 1500 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Ice Core | |
Katla | 1500 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Grimsvotn | 1490 ± 10 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Ice Core | |
Torfajokull | 1477 Mar | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Bardarbunga | 1477 Feb (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 6 | Observations: Reported |
Grimsvotn | 1471 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Ice Core | |
Grimsvotn | 1470 ± 10 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Ice Core | |
Grimsvotn | 1469 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Ice Core | |
Grimsvotn | 1450 ± 10 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Ice Core | |
Katla | 1450 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Hekla | 1440 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 1440 | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Grimsvotn | 1430 ± 10 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Ice Core | |
Eldey | 1422 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Katla | 1416 | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Bardarbunga | 1410 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Grimsvotn | 1390 ± 10 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Ice Core | |
Hekla | 1389 Dec 1 ± 30 days | 1390 | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Kolbeinsey Ridge | 1372 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Grimsvotn | 1370 ± 10 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Ice Core | |
Grimsvotn | 1369 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Ice Core | |
Oraefajokull | 1362 Jun 5 ± 4 days | 1362 Oct 15 ± 45 days | Confirmed | 5 | Observations: Reported |
Katla | 1357 ± 3 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Grimsvotn | 1354 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Grimsvotn | 1350 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Ice Core | |
Bardarbunga | 1350 ± 10 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Ice Core | |
Hekla | 1341 May 19 | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Grimsvotn | 1341 May | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Brennisteinsfjoll | 1341 ± 1 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Krysuvik-Trolladyngja | 1340 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Eldey | 1340 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Grimsvotn | 1332 Nov | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Krysuvik-Trolladyngja | 1325 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Katla | 1311 Jan 18 | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Grimsvotn | 1310 ± 10 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Ice Core | |
Hekla | 1300 Jul 11 | 1301 Jul | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Askja | 1300 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Krafla | 1300 ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Bardarbunga | 1290 ± 10 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Ice Core | |
Grimsvotn | 1290 ± 10 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Ice Core | |
Bardarbunga | 1270 ± 10 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Ice Core | |
Grimsvotn | 1270 ± 10 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Ice Core | |
Katla | 1262 | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Observations: Reported |
Bardarbunga | 1250 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Katla | 1245 | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Reykjanes | 1240 | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Reykjanes | 1238 | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Reykjanes | 1231 | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Grimsvotn | 1230 ± 10 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Ice Core | |
Reykjanes | 1226 Jul 15 ± 45 days | 1227 (?) | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Reykjanes | 1223 | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Hekla | 1222 | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Eldey | 1211 Aug 31 ± 30 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Reykjanes | 1211 | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Reykjanes | 1210 | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Katla | 1210 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Bardarbunga | 1210 ± 10 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Ice Core | |
Hekla | 1206 Dec 4 | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Brennisteinsfjoll | 1200 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Grimsvotn | 1190 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Ice Core | |
Krysuvik-Trolladyngja | 1188 | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Reykjanes | 1179 (in or before) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Observations: Reported |
Katla | 1177 ± 2 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Observations: Reported |
Torfajokull | 1170 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Bardarbunga | 1159 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Observations: Reported | |
Hekla | 1158 Jan 19 | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Krysuvik-Trolladyngja | 1151 | Unknown | Confirmed | 1 | Observations: Reported |
Grimsvotn | 1150 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Ice Core | |
Katla | 1150 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Hekla | 1104 Oct 15 ± 45 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Observations: Reported |
Grimsvotn | 1090 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Ice Core | |
Bardarbunga | 1080 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Krysuvik-Trolladyngja | 1075 ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Grimsvotn | 1060 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Hekla | 1050 ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Grimsvotn | 1010 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Ice Core | |
Brennisteinsfjoll | 1000 Jun 25 ± 4 days | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Observations: Reported |
Katla | 0960 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Grimsvotn | 0960 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Sidereal: Ice Core | |
Ljosufjoll | 0960 ± 10 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Anthropology |
Brennisteinsfjoll | 0950 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Oddnyjarhnjukur-Langjokull | 0950 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Katla | 0950 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Bardarbunga | 0940 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 0934 ± 2 years | 0940 (?) | Confirmed | 4 | Sidereal: Ice Core |
Reykjanes | 0920 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 0920 | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Observations: Reported |
Eyjafjallajokull | 0920 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Grimsvotn | 0910 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Brennisteinsfjoll | 0910 ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Katla | [0904 (?)] | [Unknown] | Uncertain | ||
Krysuvik-Trolladyngja | 0900 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Bardarbunga | 0880 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Brennisteinsfjoll | 0875 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Bardarbunga | 0870 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Torfajokull | 0870 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Krafla | 0850 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Katla | 0820 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Hekla | 0800 ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 0780 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Hekla | 0750 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 0680 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Hekla | 0650 ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 0610 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 0590 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Eyjafjallajokull | 0550 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Hekla | 0550 ± 1500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 0540 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 0500 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 0400 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Hekla | 0350 ± 1500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 0290 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 0270 ± 12 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Katla | 0260 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Hekla | 0250 ± 2500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Krafla | 0250 ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Snaefellsjokull | 0200 ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Katla | 0200 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Hengill | 0150 ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Bardarbunga | 0150 ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Torfajokull | 0150 ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Katla | 0130 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 0030 (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Grimsvotn | 0050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Krafla | 0050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Katla | 0080 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Hengill | 0080 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Hekla | 0150 BCE ± 2500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Krysuvik-Trolladyngja | 0190 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Reykjanes | 0200 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Hekla | 0250 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 0250 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Heidarspordar | 0300 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Katla | 0370 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Reykjanes | 0400 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Katla | 0430 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Krafla | 0500 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Katla | 0530 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 0550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 0560 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 0600 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 0650 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Hekla | 0650 BCE ± 2500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Krafla | 0650 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Ljosufjoll | 0665 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Katla | 0700 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 0740 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Hekla | 0750 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 0780 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 0850 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Hekla | 0850 BCE ± 1500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 0860 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Theistareykir | 0900 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Katla | 0920 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 0990 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Snaefellsjokull | 1000 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Brennisteinsfjoll | 1040 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Krysuvik-Trolladyngja | 1060 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Hekla | 1100 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Hekla | 1150 BCE ± 1500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Torfajokull | 1150 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 1160 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 1190 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Fremrinamar | 1200 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Bardarbunga | 1200 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 1220 BCE ± 12 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Hekla | 1250 BCE ± 1500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Askja | 1250 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Katla | 1280 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 1290 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Hekla | 1350 BCE ± 2500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 1440 BCE ± 40 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Katla | 1540 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Hekla | 1550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Torfajokull | 1550 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 1640 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Hekla | 1650 BCE ± 2500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 1670 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 1700 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Hengill | 1730 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Ljosufjoll | 1750 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Hekla | 1750 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Reykjanes | 1800 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Hekla | 1850 BCE ± 2500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 1850 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 1910 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 1920 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Katla | 1950 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Grimsvotn | 1950 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Katla | 2000 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Snaefellsjokull | 2010 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) | |
Katla | 2020 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 2050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Askja | 2050 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Ljosufjoll | 2050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Oddnyjarhnjukur-Langjokull | 2050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Katla | 2110 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 2160 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 2190 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 2220 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 2250 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Snaefellsjokull | 2270 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Fremrinamar | 2300 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Hekla | 2310 BCE ± 20 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Snaefellsjokull | 2400 BCE ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Katla | 2420 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Hekla | 2450 BCE ± 1500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 2480 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 2540 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Oddnyjarhnjukur-Langjokull | 2550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Brennisteinsfjoll | 2660 BCE ± 75 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Katla | 2680 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Hekla | 2750 BCE ± 2500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 2850 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 2920 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Hekla | 2950 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Snaefellsjokull | 2970 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Krafla | 3050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Katla | 3180 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Hengill | 3250 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Katla | 3280 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Prestahnukur | 3350 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Hekla | 3350 BCE ± 2500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 3370 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 3390 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Hekla | 3450 BCE ± 1500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 3480 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Grimsnes | 3500 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Katla | 3510 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Grimsvotn | 3550 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Oddnyjarhnjukur-Langjokull | 3550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Katla | 3640 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Grimsnes | 3650 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Katla | 3670 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 3720 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Grimsnes | 3750 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Hengill | 3750 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Hekla | 3750 BCE ± 1500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 3790 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Reykjanes | 3800 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 3810 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Grimsnes | 3900 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Katla | 3930 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Vestmannaeyjar | 3950 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: Uranium-series | |
Hekla | 3950 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Fremrinamar | 4000 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Grimsnes | 4000 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Reykjanes | 4000 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Fremrinamar | 4050 BCE ± 1050 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Hekla | 4050 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Heidarspordar | 4050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Snaefellsjokull | 4050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Grimsnes | 4050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Katla | 4060 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Hekla | 4110 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Hekla | 4150 BCE ± 2500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Bardarbunga | 4200 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 4210 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 4240 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Hekla | 4250 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Vestmannaeyjar | 4270 BCE ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Grimsnes | 4270 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Katla | 4280 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Hekla | 4350 BCE ± 1500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 4370 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Bardarbunga | 4400 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 4430 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Grimsnes | 4450 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Grimsnes | 4500 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Vestmannaeyjar | 4550 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Snaefellsjokull | 4550 BCE ± 1500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Bardarbunga | 4550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Hekla | 4550 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Torfajokull | 4550 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Grimsvotn | 4550 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Bardarbunga | 4600 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 4610 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Hekla | 4650 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 4660 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Hekla | 4700 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Hekla | 4750 BCE ± 2500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 4750 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Bardarbunga | 4800 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 4810 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Torfajokull | 4850 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 4880 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Hekla | 4950 BCE ± 2500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Kverkfjoll | 5000 BCE ± 1000 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Bardarbunga | 5000 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Hengill | 5000 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 5020 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Reykjanes | 5040 BCE ± 100 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Katla | 5040 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Hekla | 5050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Torfajokull | 5050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 5070 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Hekla | 5150 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Katla | 5180 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 5230 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Krysuvik-Trolladyngja | 5290 BCE ± 150 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Katla | 5360 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 5460 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 5470 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 5550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Hengill | 5550 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Katla | 5560 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 5630 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 5710 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 5720 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 5730 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Heidarspordar | 5750 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Oddnyjarhnjukur-Langjokull | 5850 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Katla | 5850 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Hekla | 5850 BCE ± 2500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 5890 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 5960 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Krysuvik-Trolladyngja | 6000 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Vestmannaeyjar | 6050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Snaefellsjokull | 6050 BCE ± 1000 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 6050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Torfajokull | 6050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Heidarspordar | 6150 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Katla | 6170 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 6200 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Katla | 6230 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Grimsnes | 6250 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Katla | 6380 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Krafla | 6500 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Bardarbunga | 6650 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Krafla | 6800 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Theistareykir | 6800 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Krafla | 6850 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Prestahnukur | 6950 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Heidarspordar | 6950 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Ljosufjoll | 7050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 2 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Bardarbunga | 7050 BCE ± 1000 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Kverkfjoll | 7050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Bardarbunga | 7100 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Hengill | 7100 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Hengill | 7300 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Heidarspordar | 7400 BCE ± 300 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Hengill | 7550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Prestahnukur | 7550 BCE ± 500 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated) |
Vestmannaeyjar | 7550 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Grimsnes | 7750 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 3 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Heidarspordar | 7850 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | Correlation: Tephrochronology | |
Reykjanes | 8000 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Vestmannaeyjar | 8050 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 4 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Hengill | 8200 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Grimsvotn | 8230 BCE ± 50 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 6 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Hengill | 8250 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Hengill | 8350 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Snaefellsjokull | 8460 BCE ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) | |
Krysuvik-Trolladyngja | 8500 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Krafla | 8500 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Oddnyjarhnjukur-Langjokull | 8600 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Askja | 8910 BCE ± 200 years | Unknown | Confirmed | 5 | Isotopic: 14C (calibrated) |
Brennisteinsfjoll | 9000 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Theistareykir | 9500 BCE (?) | Unknown | Confirmed | 0 | Correlation: Tephrochronology |
Iceland has 21 Pleistocene volcanoes. Note that as a scientific organization we provide these listings for informational purposes only, with no international legal or policy implications. Volcanoes will be included on this list if they are within the boundaries of a country, on a shared boundary or area, in a remote territory, or within a maritime Exclusive Economic Zone. Suggestions and data updates are always welcome ().
Volcano Name | Location | Primary Volcano Type |
---|---|---|
Blafell | Iceland (southwestern) | Tuya |
Blafjall | Iceland (northeastern) | Tuya |
Burfell | Iceland (northeastern) | Tuya |
Eríksjokull | Iceland (southwestern) | Tuya |
Fjallgardar Ridge | Iceland (northeastern) | Fissure vent(s) |
Gaesafjoll | Iceland (northeastern) | Tuya |
Geysir | Iceland (southwestern) | Stratovolcano |
Grensdalur | Iceland (southwestern) | Stratovolcano |
Herdubreid | Iceland (northeastern) | Tuya |
Hlodufell | Iceland (southwestern) | Tuya |
Hreppar | Iceland (southwestern) | Fissure vent(s) |
Hrutfell | Iceland (southwestern) | Tuya |
Kistufell | Iceland (northeastern) | Tuya |
Lambafjoll | Iceland (northeastern) | Fissure vent(s) |
Lyngdalsheidi | Iceland (southwestern) | Shield |
Ok | Iceland (southwestern) | Shield |
Sellandafjall | Iceland (northeastern) | Tuya |
Strutur | Iceland (southern) | Tuya |
Thorisjokull | Iceland (southwestern) | Subglacial |
Tungnaarfjoll | Iceland (northeastern) | Fissure vent(s) |
Valdalda | Iceland (northeastern) | Shield |
There are 124 photos available for volcanoes in Iceland.

Photo by Michael Ryan, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Oddur Sigurdsson, 1977 (Icelandic National Energy Authority).

Photo by Richie Williams, 1981 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Michael Ryan, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Michael Ryan, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1973.

Photo by Oddur Sigurdsson, 1991 (Icelandic National Energy Authority).

Photo by Michael Ryan, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Bill Rose, 1980 (Michigan Technological University).

Photo courtesy of Jules Friedman (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Michael Ryan, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Freysteinn Sigmundsson, 2004 (Nordic Volcanological Center).

Photo by Oddur Sigurdsson, 1986 (Icelandic National Energy Authority).

Photo by Oddur Sigurdsson, 1990 (Icelandic National Energy Authority).

Photo by Oddur Sigurdsson, 1986 (Icelandic National Energy Authority).

From the collection of Maurice and Katia Krafft.

Photo courtesy of Gudmundar Sigvaldason, 1980 (Nordic Volcanological Institute, Reykjavik).

Photo by Richie Williams, 1967 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Oddur Sigurdsson, 1992 (Icelandic National Energy Authority).

Photo by Ingibjörg Kaldal (Orkustofunun, courtesy of Richie Williams, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Oddur Sigurdsson, 1998 (Icelandic National Energy Authority).

Photo by Robert Citron, 1970 (Smithsonian Institution; courtesy of William Melson)

Photo by Robert Citron, 1970 (Smithsonian Institution; courtesy of William Melson)

Photo courtesy of Gudmundar Sigvaldason (Nordic Volcanological Institute), 1980.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 2008 (Smithsonian Institution).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 2008 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Richie Williams, 1981 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Michael Ryan, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1973.

Photo by Oddur Sigurdsson, 1978 (Icelandic National Energy Authority).

Photo by Robin Holcomb, 1974 (courtesy of Jack Lockwood, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Oddur Sigurdsson, 1986 (Icelandic National Energy Authority).

Photo by Michael Ryan, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Oddur Sigurdsson, 1977 (Icelandic National Energy Authority).

Photo by Richie Williams, 1973 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Richie Williams, 1981 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Richie Williams, 1981 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Michael Ryan, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Michael Ryan, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Michael Ryan, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1984.

From the collection of Maurice and Katia Krafft.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 2008 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo by Michael Ryan, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Michael Ryan, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Tom Simkin, 1973 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo courtesy of Gudmundar Sigvaldason, 1980 (Nordic Volcanological Institute, Reykjavik).

Photo by Oddur Sigurdsson, 1976 (Icelandic National Energy Authority).

Photo by Michael Ryan, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Oddur Sigurdsson, 1978 (Icelandic National Energy Authority).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft.

Photo by Sigurdur Thorarinsson (courtesy of Richard Williams, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Michael Ryan, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo coutesy of the University of Iceland Hvergerdi Research Station, 2008.

Photo by Oddur Sigurdsson, 1983 (Icelandic National Energy Authority).

Photo by Oddur Sigurdsson, 1977 (Icelandic National Energy Authority).

Photo by Michael Ryan, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Michael Ryan, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Oddur Sigurdsson, 1977 (Icelandic National Energy Authority).

Photo by Michael Ryan, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by National Aeronautical and Space Administration (NASA), 1968.

Photo by Michael Ryan, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Thorvaldur Bragason, Iceland Geodetic Survey (courtesy of Richie Williams, U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Michael Ryan, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Oddur Sigurdsson, 1983 (Icelandic National Energy Authority).

Photo by Michael Ryan, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Bill Rose, 1975 (Michigan Technological University).

Photo by Oddur Sigurdsson, 1998 (Icelandic National Energy Authority).

Photo courtesy of Gudmundar Sigvaldason (Nordic Volcanological Institute), 1980.

Photo by Michael Ryan, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Michael Ryan, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Michael Ryan, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Michael Ryan, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo courtesy of Gudmundar Sigvaldason, 1980 (Nordic Volcanological Institute, Reykjavik).

Photo by Ingibjörg Kaldal (Icelandic National Energy Authority).

Photo by Michael Ryan, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Richie Williams, 1979 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Oddur Sigurdsson, 1983 (Icelandic National Energy Authority).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1975.

Photo by Oddur Sigurdsson, 1998 (Icelandic National Energy Authority).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 2008 (Smithsonian Institution).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1974.

Photo by Michael Ryan, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Jack Lockwood, 1973 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Bill Rose, 1980 (Michigan Technological University).

Photo by Landmælingar Islands, courtesy of Jack Green (published in Green and Short, 1971).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1973.

Photo by Oddur Sigurdsson, 1998 (Icelandic National Energy Authority).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1973.

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1973.

Photo by Michael Ryan, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Richie Williams, 1966 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Bill Rose, 1975 (Michigan Technological University).

Photo by Richie Williams, 1966 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Helgi Torfason (courtesy of Richie Williams, U S Geological Survey, published in Gudmundsson, 1986).

Satellite image courtesy of Copernicus Sentinel Data, 2019.

Photo by Michael Ryan, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 2008 (Smithsonian Institution).

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

Photo by Oddur Sigurdsson, 1977 (Icelandic National Energy Authority).

Photo by Robert Citron, 1970 (Smithsonian Institution; courtesy of William Melson)

Photo by Michael Ryan, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Lee Siebert, 2008 (Smithsonian Institution).

Photo courtesy of Gudmundar Sigvaldason, 1980 (Nordic Volcanological Institute, Reykjavík).

Photo by Richie Williams, 1981 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Michael Ryan, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo by Michael Ryan, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1984.

Photo by Arianna Soldati, 2019.

Photo by Bill Rose, 1980 (Michigan Technological University).

Photo by Oddur Sigurdsson, 1977 (Icelandic National Energy Authority).

Photo by Icelandic Survey Department, 1966 (published in Green and Short, 1971).

Photo by Oddur Sigurdsson, 1983 (Icelandic National Energy Authority).

Photo by Michael Ryan, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo courtesy of Gudmundar Sigvaldason, 1980 (Nordic Volcanological Institute, Reykjavík).

Photo by Oddur Sigurdsson, 1985 (Icelandic National Energy Authority).

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1973.

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft.

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1975.

Photo by Michael Ryan, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Photo courtesy of Gudmundar Sigvaldason, 1980 (Nordic Volcanological Institute, Reykjavík).

Photo by Robert Citron, 1970 (Smithsonian Institution; courtesy of William Melson)
This is a compilation of Iceland volcano information sources, such as official monitoring or other government agencies.
Volcano Observatories | |
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Veðurstofa Íslands | |
- Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) English |
Additional Information Sources | |
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Catalogue of Icelandic Volcanoes | |
FUTUREVOLC | ![]() |
Nordic Volcanological Center (NordVulk) |
Volcanic Ash Advisory Center | |
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London Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC) | ![]() ![]() |
- London VAAC Archive | |
- London VAAC Notices |