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Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

Weekly Volcanic Activity Map

The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is a cooperative project between the Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program and the US Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program. Updated by 2300 UTC every Wednesday and averaging 16 reported volcanoes, this is not a comprehensive list of all eruptions this week, but rather a summary of activity that meet criteria discussed in the "Criteria and Disclaimers" section below.

Volcanic activity reported here is preliminary and subject to change. Carefully reviewed, detailed narratives over longer time periods are published as reports of the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network available through volcano profile pages.

Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for the week of 9 October-15 October 2024
Name Country Volcanic Province Eruption Start Date Report Status
Langila Papua New Guinea Bismarck Volcanic Arc 2015 Oct 22 (?) New
Spurr United States Alaska Peninsula Volcanic Arc — New
Taal Philippines Taiwan-Luzon Volcanic Arc 2024 Apr 12 New
Aira Japan Ryukyu Volcanic Arc 2017 Mar 25 Continuing
Dukono Indonesia Halmahera Volcanic Arc 1933 Aug 13 Continuing
Ebeko Russia Kuril Volcanic Arc 2022 Jun 11 Continuing
Great Sitkin United States Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc 2021 May 25 Continuing
Ibu Indonesia Halmahera Volcanic Arc 2008 Apr 5 Continuing
Kanlaon Philippines Negros-Sulu Volcanic Arc 2024 Jun 3 Continuing
Karymsky Russia Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc 2024 Jun 20 Continuing
Lewotobi Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2023 Dec 23 Continuing
Manam Papua New Guinea Bismarck Volcanic Arc 2018 May 10 ± 10 days Continuing
Merapi Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2020 Dec 31 Continuing
Sabancaya Peru Central Andean Volcanic Arc 2016 Nov 6 Continuing
Sangay Ecuador Northern Andean Volcanic Arc 2019 Mar 26 Continuing
Semeru Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2017 Jun 6 Continuing
Sheveluch Russia Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc 1999 Aug 15 Continuing
Stromboli Italy Aeolian Volcanic Arc 1934 Feb 2 Continuing
Suwanosejima Japan Ryukyu Volcanic Arc 2004 Oct 23 Continuing
Villarrica Chile Southern Andean Volcanic Arc 2014 Dec 2 ± 7 days Continuing
All times are local unless otherwise stated.
Weekly Reports Archive

Since the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report began in November 2000, there have been 20,573 individual reports over 1,241 weeks (average of 17 per week) on 338 different volcanoes.

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Adams Cotopaxi Iliwerung Llaima Popocatepetl Sumisujima
Agung Cuicocha Inielika Lokon-Empung Purace Sundoro
Ahyi Cumbal Ioto Lonquimay Puyehue-Cordon Caulle Suoh
Aira Dabbahu Irazu Lopevi Rabaul Suretamatai
Akan Davidof Iwatesan Machin Raikoke Suwanosejima
Alaid Dempo Iya Makushin Ranakah Taal
Alu-Dalafilla Descabezado Grande Izu-Torishima Maly Semyachik Raoul Island Tair, Jebel at
Ambae Dieng Volcanic Complex Jackson Segment Manam Rasshua Takawangha
Ambang Dukono Kaba Manda Hararo Raung Talang
Ambrym East Epi Kadovar Marapi Redoubt Tambora
Anatahan Ebeko Kaitoku Seamount Maroa Reventador Tanaga
Aniakchak Ebulobo Kama'ehuakanaloa Martin Reykjanes Tandikat-Singgalang
Antillanca Volcanic Complex Edgecumbe Kambalny Masaya Rincon de la Vieja Tangkoko-Duasudara
Antuco Egon Kanaga Matthew Island Rinjani Tangkuban Parahu
Apoyeque Ekarma Kanlaon Maule, Laguna del Ritter Island Tara, Batu
Arenal Eldey Karangetang Mauna Loa Rotorua Ta'u
Asamayama Erebus Karkar Mayon Ruang Taupo
Askja Erta Ale Karthala McDonald Islands Ruapehu Telica
Asosan Etna Karymsky Melebingoy Ruby Tenerife
Atka Volcanic Complex Etorofu-Yakeyama [Grozny Group] Kasatochi Melimoyu Ruiz, Nevado del Tengger Caldera
Augustine Eyjafjallajokull Katla Merapi Sabancaya Three Sisters
Avachinsky Fagradalsfjall Katmai Midagahara Sakar Tinakula
Awu Fernandina Kavachi Misti, El Salak Tofua
Axial Seamount Fogo Kelimutu Miyakejima San Cristobal Tokachidake
Azul, Cerro Fonualei Kelud Momotombo San Miguel Tolbachik
Azumayama Fournaise, Piton de la Kerinci Monowai San Vicente Toliman
Bagana Fourpeaked Ketoi Montagu Island Sangay Tongariro
Balbi Fuego Kharimkotan Moyorodake [Medvezhia] Sangeang Api Trident
Bamus Fujisan Kick 'em Jenny Mutnovsky Santa Ana Tungurahua
Banda Api Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba Kie Besi Myojinsho Santa Maria Turrialba
Bardarbunga Galeras Kikai Nabro Sao Jorge Ubinas
Barren Island Galunggung Kilauea Negra, Sierra Sarigan Ugashik-Peulik
Batur Gamalama Kirishimayama Negro, Cerro Sarychev Peak Ukinrek Maars
Bezymianny Gamkonora Kita-Ioto Nightingale Island Saunders Ulawun
Bogoslof Gareloi Kizimen Nishinoshima Savo Unnamed
Brava Gaua Klyuchevskoy Nisyros Semeru Unnamed
Bristol Island Gorely Kolokol Group Novarupta Semisopochnoi Veniaminof
Bulusan Great Sitkin Koryaksky NW Rota-1 Seulawah Agam Villarrica
Calbuco Grimsvotn Krakatau Nyamulagira Sheveluch Vulcano
Callaqui Guagua Pichincha Krummel-Garbuna-Welcker Nyiragongo Shishaldin West Mata
Cameroon Guallatiri Krysuvik-Trolladyngja Ofu-Olosega Simbo Westdahl
Campi Flegrei Guntur Kuchinoerabujima Okataina Sinabung Whakaari/White Island
Campi Flegrei del Mar di Sicilia Hachijojima Kurikomayama Okmok Sinarka Witori
Cayambe Hakoneyama Kusatsu-Shiranesan Ontakesan Siple Wolf
Chachadake [Tiatia] Heard Kverkfjoll Oraefajokull Sirung Wrangell
Chaiten Hekla La Palma Osorno Slamet Yakedake
Chiginagak Helgrindur Lamington Pacaya Snaefellsjokull Yasur
Chikurachki Hierro Lamongan Pagan Soputan Yellowstone
Chiles-Cerro Negro Hokkaido-Komagatake Langila Palena Volcanic Group Sorikmarapi Yufu-Tsurumi
Chillan, Nevados de Home Reef Lanin Paluweh Sotara Zaozan [Zaosan]
Chirinkotan Hood Lascar Panarea Soufriere Hills Zavodovski
Chirpoi Huaynaputina Late Papandayan Soufriere St. Vincent Zhupanovsky
Ciremai Hudson, Cerro Lateiki Pavlof South Sarigan Seamount Zubair Group
Cleveland Huila, Nevado del Lengai, Ol Doinyo Pelee Spurr
Colima Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Leroboleng Peuet Sague St. Helens
Colo Ibu Lewotobi Pinatubo Stromboli
Concepcion Ijen Lewotolok Planchon-Peteroa Sulu Range
Copahue Iliamna Little Sitkin Poas Sumbing
 News Feeds and Google Placemarks


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The RSS (Really Simple Syndication) feed is identical to the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report minus some features including the header information (latitude and longitude and summit elevation), the Geologic Summary, and a link to the volcano's page from the Global Volcanism Program. At the end of each report is a list of the sources used. Each volcano report includes a link from the volcano's name back to the more complete information in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report on the Smithsonian website. This feature was first made available on 5 March 2008.


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A Google Earth network link for the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report can be loaded into the free Google Earth software, and in turn will load placemarks for volcanoes in the current weekly report. Placemark balloons include the volcano name, report date, report text, sources, and links back to the GVP volcano profile page and to the complete Weekly Report for that week. This feature was first made available on 1 April 2009.

 Criteria & Disclaimers

Criteria



The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report does not necessarily include all volcanic activity that occurred on Earth during the week. More than a dozen volcanoes globally have displayed more-or-less continuous eruptive activity for decades or longer, and such routine activity is typically not reported here. Moreover, Earth's sea-floor volcanism is seldom reported even though in theory it represents the single most prolific source of erupted material. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report summarizes volcanic activity that meets one or more of the following criteria:

- A volcano observatory raises or lowers the alert level at the volcano.
- A volcanic ash advisory has been released by a volcanic ash advisory center (VAAC) stating that an ash cloud has been produced from the volcano.
- A verifiable news report of new activity or a change in activity at the volcano has been issued.
- Observers have reported a significant change in volcanic activity. Such activity can include, but is not restricted to, pyroclastic flows, lahars, lava flows, dome collapse, or increased unrest.

Volcanoes are included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report if the activity occurs after at least 3 months of quiescence. Once a volcano is included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section, updates will remain in that section unless the activity continues for more than 1 month without escalating, after which time updates will be listed in the "Continuing Activity" section. Volcanoes are also included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section if the volcano is undergoing a period of relatively high unrest, or increasing unrest. This is commonly equal to Alert Level Orange on a scale of Green, Yellow, Orange, Red, where Red is the highest alert. Or alert level 3 on a scale of 1-4 or 1-5.

It is important to note that volcanic activity meeting one or more of these criteria may occur during the week, but may not be included in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report because we did not receive a report.

Disclaimers



1. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is intended to provide timely information about global volcanism on a weekly basis. Consequently, the report is generated rapidly by summarizing volcanic reports from various sources, with little time for fact checking. The accuracy of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is dependent upon the quality of the volcanic activity reports we receive. Reports published in the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network are cover longer time periods and are more carefully reviewed, although all of the volcanoes discussed in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report are not necessarily reported in the Bulletin. Because of our emphasis on rapid reporting on the web we have avoided diacritical marks. Reports are updated on the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report web page as they are received, therefore information may be included regarding events that occurred before the current report period.

2. Rapidly developing events lead to coverage that is often fragmentary. Volcanoes, their eruptions, and their plumes and associated atmospheric effects are complex phenomena that may require months to years of data analysis in order to create a comprehensive summary and interpretation of events.

3. Preliminary accounts sometimes contain exaggerations and "false alarms," and accordingly, this report may include some events ultimately found to be erroneous or misleading.

4. Many news agencies do not archive the articles they post on the Internet, and therefore the links to some sources may not be active. To obtain information about the cited articles that are no longer available on the Internet contact the source.

5. USGS Disclaimer Statement for this Website:

Information presented on this website is considered public information and may be distributed or copied. Use of appropriate byline/photo/image credit is requested. We strongly recommend that USGS data be acquired directly from a USGS server and not through other sources that may change the data in some way. While USGS makes every effort to provide accurate and complete information, various data such as names, telephone numbers, etc. may change prior to updating. USGS welcomes suggestions on how to improve our home page and correct errors. USGS provides no warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy, reliability or completeness of furnished data.

Some of the documents on this server may contain live references (or pointers) to information created and maintained by other organizations. Please note that USGS does not control and cannot guarantee the relevance, timeliness, or accuracy of these outside materials.

For site security purposes and to ensure that this service remains available to all users, this government computer system employs software programs to monitor network traffic to identify unauthorized attempts to upload or change information, or otherwise cause damage. Unauthorized attempts to upload information or change information on this website are strictly prohibited and may be punishable under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986 and the National Information Infrastructure Protection Act. Information may also be used for authorized law enforcement investigations. (Last modified September 21, 1999.)

U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, USA
URL: https://volcano.si.edu/reports_weekly.cfm

 Acronyms and Abbreviations

a.s.l. - above sea level

AVO - Alaska Volcano Observatory

AVHRR - Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer

CENAPRED - Centro Nacionale de Prevencion de Desastres (México)

CONRED - Coordinadora Nacional para la Reducción de Desastres

COSPEC - Correlation Spectrometer

CVGHM (formerly VSI) - Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation

CVO - Cascades Volcano Observatory (USGS)

GMS - Geostationary Meteorological Satellite

GOES - Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite

GVO - Goma Volcano Observatory

GVP - Global Volcanism Program (Smithsonian Institution)

HVO - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (USGS)

ICE - Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad (Costa Rica)

IG - Instituto Geofísico (Ecuador)

IGNS - Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences (New Zealand) - now GNS Science

INETER - Instituto Nicaragüense de Estudios Territoriales (Nicaragua)

INGEMMET - Instituto Geológical Minero y Metalúrgico (Peru)

INGEOMINAS - Instituto Colombiano de Geología y Minería (Colombia)

INGV-CT - Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Catania (Italy)

INSIVUMEH - Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia e Hidrologia (Guatemala)

IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (France)

JMA - Japanese Meteorological Agency

KEMSD - Kamchatkan Experimental and Methodical Seismilogical Department

KVERT - Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team

M - magnitude

METEOSAT - Meteorological Satellite

MEVO - Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory

MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

MVO - Montserrat Volcano Observatory

MWO - Meteorological Watch Office

NEIC - National Earthquake Information Center

NIED - National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (Japan)

NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NOTAM - Notice to Airmen

OVDAS - Observatorio Volcanologico de los Andes del Sur (Chile)

OFDA - Office of US Foreign Disaster Assistance

ONEMI - Oficina Nacional de Emergencia - Ministerio del Interior (Chile)

OVPDLF - Observatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise (France)

OVSICORI-UNA - Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica, Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)

PHIVOLCS - Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (Philippines)

RSAM - Real-time Seismic Amplitude Measurement

RVO - Rabaul Volcano Observatory

SERNAGEOMIN - Servicio Nacional de Geologia y Mineria (Chile)

SIGMET - Significant Meteorological Information

SNET - Servicio Nacional de Estudios Territoriales (El Salvador)

SVERT - Sakhalin Volcanic Eruption Response Team (Russia)

USAID - US Agency for International Development

USGS - United States Geological Survey

UTC - Coordinated Universal Time

VAAC - Volcanic Ash Advisory Center

VAFTAD - Volcanic Ash Forecast Transport And Dispersion

VDAP - Volcano Disaster Assistance Program (USGS)

VHP - Volcano Hazards Program (USGS)

VRC - Volcano Research Center (Japan)

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Report for Langila
The Darwin VAAC reported that an ash plume at Langila was identified in a satellite image at 0750 on 15 October rising to 1.8 km (6,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifting SW. The ash had dissipated by 0910.
Source: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC)
Report for Spurr
The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) reported that low-level unrest at Spurr was ongoing. An extended outage of the seismic network occurred during February-April; elevated seismicity was already occurring when the network returned on 3 April. The rate of about 20 earthquakes per week and their magnitudes did not significantly change through mid-October . Over 900 located earthquakes were clustered in two areas; the earthquakes in one cluster were located at depths of 0-10 km beneath the volcano and those in the second cluster were located at depths of 20-35 km beneath an area SE of Crater Peak vent. The largest earthquake, a M 2.4, was recorded on 6 October. Inflation began to be detected in March by Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations on the flanks and has continued at a steady rate. A total of 4 cm of uplift was recorded by the stations closest to the source of deformation. The deformation was also confirmed in satellite radar data. A small lake formed in the summit crater sometime between 15 May and 15 June. During a 23 June overflight scientists observed the lake and estimated that it was approximately 3,800 square meters in area. Gas measurements detected low levels of sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide at levels similar to the background levels measured in previous years. The summit crater lake grew to around 5,670 square meters by 18 September, was blue-green in color, and partially covered by ice. Active steaming was visible from vents along and above the NE lake shore and crater wall, and from a pit in the ice on the NE crater rim and had not changed in vigor during the current period of unrest.

The observations suggested that a new batch of magma had been emplaced beneath the volcano, with preliminary models indicating an area of pressurization at 3-5 km depth and about 3-4 km W of Spur. AVO noted that the current increase in earthquake activity has some similarities to past episodes of increased earthquake activity at Spurr. These periods include August 1991 to June 1992 that preceded the 1992 eruptions and 2004 to 2006 when increased earthquake activity accompanied an episode of heating at the summit that melted a substantial portion of the ice cap. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Normal (the lowest level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Green (the lowest color on a four-color scale).
Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)
Report for Taal
The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reported that phreatic eruptive events at Taal periodically continued during 8-15 October. There were 1-2 phreatic events recorded almost daily during the week, with most reportedly lasting 3-13 minutes long. Hot fluids upwelling in the lake were persistently observed, and daily steam-and-gas emissions that were sometime voluminous rose as high as 3 km above the crater rim. Two volcanic earthquakes were detected during 8-9 October, two periods of volcanic tremor lasting two minutes long were recorded during 9-10 October, one volcanic earthquake was recorded during 11-12 October, and a period of tremor lasting 10 hours and 30 minutes was recorded during 12-13 October. Sulfur dioxide emissions averaged 2,256 tonnes per day (t/d) on 9 October, 1,256 t/d on 12 October, and 2,064 t/d/ on 14 October, remaining at elevated levels. Vog was reported during 10-11 October. The Alert Level remained at 1 (on a scale of 0-5), and PHIVOLCS reminded the public that the entire Taal Volcano Island was a Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ) and recommended that the Main Crater and areas along the Daang Kastila fissure should remain prohibited.
Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)
Report for Aira
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported ongoing eruptive activity at Minamidake Crater (Aira Caldera’s Sakurajima volcano) during 7-14 October. Daily crater incandescence was visible in webcam images. An explosion at 0018 on 11 October generated an ash-and-gas plume that rose 400 m above the crater rim and merged into weather clouds. Ash-and-gas plumes from an explosion at 1242 on 13 October rose as high as 1.4 km above the crater rim and drifted NW. The explosion ejected large blocks 1-1.3 km from the vent. An eruptive event at 1344 on that same day produced an ash-and-gas plume that rose 1 km above the crater rim and drifted NW. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and the public was warned to stay 1 km away from both craters.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
Report for Dukono
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that the eruption at Dukono was ongoing during 9-15 October. Daily dense gray-and-white ash plumes rose 100-800 m above the summit and drifted W. The Alert Level remained at Level 2 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to remain outside of the 3-km exclusion zone.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Ebeko
The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 4-10 October. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions on 4 October generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km (6,600 ft) a.s.l. and drifted S. Thermal anomalies were identified in satellite images on 4 October; on other days either no activity was observed, or weather conditions prevented views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
Report for Great Sitkin
The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) reported that slow lava effusion continued to feed a thick lava flow in Great Sitkin’s summit crater during 9-15 October. Continuing lava effusion was confirmed in satellite data on 12 October, by which time lava had filled most of the summit crater. The local seismic network continued to detect small earthquakes associated with the ongoing eruption. Weather clouds often obscured webcam and satellite views of the summit. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale).
Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)
Report for Ibu
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that activity at Ibu continued during 9-16 October. Daily gray or white-and-gray ash plumes that were sometimes dense generally rose 0.1-2 km above the summit and drifted NW, W, and SW; only white plumes were visible rising 100-200 m and drifting NE, SW, and W on 12 October. Some of the webcam images posted with the reports showed incandescence visible above the crater rim. At 0126 on 16 October an ash plume rose 4 km above the summit and drifted N and NE. The Alert Level remained at 3 (the second highest level on a four-level scale) and the public was advised to stay 4 km away from the active crater and 5 km away from the N crater wall opening.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Kanlaon
The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reported continuing unrest at Kanlaon during 8-15 October, characterized by elevated seismicity and sulfur dioxide emissions. The seismic network recorded 1-19 daily volcanic earthquakes. Daily gas-and-steam emissions that were often voluminous rose 400-750 m above the summit and drifted NE, SE, SW, and W. Sulfur dioxide emissions were recorded daily and continued to be high, averaging 1,919-6,011 tonnes/day. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 0-5) and PHIVOLCS reminded the public to remain outside of the 4-km-radius Permanent Danger Zone and warned pilots not to fly close to the volcano.
Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)
Report for Karymsky
The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported moderate levels of activity at Karymsky during 4-10 October. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images during 3-7 October; the volcano was quiet or weather clouds obscured views on the other days. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
Report for Lewotobi
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity at Lewotobi’s Laki-laki volcano continued during 9-15 October from a vent on the upper NW flank. Daily gray or white-and-gray ash plumes that were sometimes dense rose as high as 1 km above the summit and drifted SW, W, and NW. Incandescence at the vent was visible in a webcam image on 11 October. The Alert Level remained at 3 (the second highest level on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay outside of the exclusion zone, defined as a 3 km radius around both Laki-laki and Perempuan craters, 4 km to the NNW and SSE of Laki-laki.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Manam
The Darwin VAAC reported that ash plumes from Manam were identified in satellite images during 10-13 October rising to 2.4 km (8,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifting NW, WNW, and W. The plumes were mostly continuous, though weather clouds sometimes obscured views.
Source: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC)
Report for Merapi
The Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG) reported that the eruption at Merapi (on Java) continued during 4-10 October. Seismicity was less intense compared to the previous week. The SW lava dome produced 200 lava avalanches that traveled as far as 1.7 km down the Bebeng drainage on the SW flank. Morphological changes to the SW lava dome resulting from continuing effusion and collapses of material. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-7 km away from the summit, based on location.
Source: Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG)
Report for Sabancaya
The Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) reported that the eruption at Sabancaya continued during 7-13 October with a daily average of 11 explosions. Gas-and-ash plumes rose as high as 1.5 km above the summit and drifted less than 10 km SE and S. Thermal anomalies over the lava dome in the summit crater were identified in satellite data. Slight inflation was detected N of Hualca Hualca (7 km N). Sulfur dioxide emissions were at moderate levels, averaging 504 tons per day. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale) and the public was warned to stay outside of a 12 km radius.
Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)
Report for Sangay
The Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN) reported that high levels of eruptive activity continued at Sangay during 8-15 October. The seismic network recorded 102-249 daily explosions during 8-12 October; there were no counts during the rest of the week due to data transmission problems. Gas-and-ash plumes visible in webcam and/or satellite images on most days rose as high as 1.6 km above the summit and drifted mainly W, WSW, and SW and occasionally to the NE. Weather conditions often obscured views, though several episodes of crater incandescence were observed during dark hours and incandescent material descended the SE drainage as far as 2 km. Secretaría de Gestión de Riesgos (SGR) maintained the Alert Level at Yellow (the second highest level on a four-color scale).
Sources: Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN), Secretaría de Gestión de Riesgos (SGR)
Report for Semeru
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity continued at Semeru during 9-15 October with multiple daily eruptive events recorded by the seismic network. Almost daily white-and-gray ash plumes that were sometimes dense rose 200-900 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions; eruptive events were recorded on 9 October, but no emissions were observed. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second lowest level on a scale of 1-4). The public was warned to stay at least 5 km away from the summit in all directions, 13 km from the summit to the SE, 500 m from the banks of the Kobokan drainage as far as 17 km from the summit, and to avoid other drainages including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat, due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Sheveluch
The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that during 4-10 October lava extrusion may have continued at Sheveluch’s “300 years of RAS” dome on the SW flank of Old Sheveluch and at the dome at Young Sheveluch. Thermal anomalies over the domes were identified in satellite images during 4-8 and 10 October. Plumes of resuspended ash drifted 1,100 km SE and E during 3-4, 7-8, and 10 October. Weather conditions prevented views on the other days of the week. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
Report for Stromboli
The Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV) reported that eruptive activity continued at Stromboli during 7-13 October. Webcam images showed Strombolian activity at two vents in Area N within the upper part of the Sciara del Fuoco and from at least two vents in Area C-S (South-Central Crater) on the crater terrace. The vents in Area N continued to produce low-intensity explosions at a rate of 7-14 events per hour, ejecting lapilli and bombs less than 80 m above the vents. Spattering continued and was sometimes intense and continuous for long periods of time during 8-9 and 13 October. Explosions at the vents in Area C-S ejected tephra over 250 m above the vent. Intense spattering in Area N on 8 October was followed by the formation of a lava flow at around 1643 that descended the Sciara del Fuoco, stopping before the coastline. The lava flow was cooling and no longer active by 1930. Intense spattering again caused the overflow of lava the next day; at 1220 on 9 October lava flowed down the Sciara del Fuoco and again stopped before reaching the coastline; the flow was cooling by 1432. The Alert Level remained at Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-level scale).
Sources: Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV), Dipartimento della Protezione Civile
Report for Suwanosejima
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that eruptive activity at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater continued during 7-14 October. Crater incandescence was observed nightly in webcam images. Eruptive events at 0221 and 0750 on 7 October produced ash-and-gas plumes that rose 1.1-1.5 km above the crater rim; the plume from the second event drifted E. Ash-and-gas plumes were continuously emitted during 0943-1310, rose as high as 1.6 km above the crater rim, and drifted E. Ash-and-gas plumes from eruptive events at 0333 and 1540 on 10 October rose 1.3 km above the crater rim and drifted S and SE, respectively. Three eruptive events on 11 October, at 0403, 0737, and 1130, produced ash-and-gas plumes that rose 1-1.3 km straight up above the crater rim or drifted SE. An ash-and-gas plume from an eruptive event at 1352 on 13 October rose 1 km above the crater rim and drifted W. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a 5-level scale) and the public was warned to stay at least 1.5 km away from the crater.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
Report for Villarrica
On 11 October Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería (SERNAGEOMIN) reported that low levels of activity were detected at Villarrica during 16-30 September, characterized as a decrease in the frequency of explosions with ejection of high-temperature tephra outside the crater. A webcam located near the volcano recorded only gas-and-steam emissions rising to low heights, up to a maximum of 120 m above the crater rim, though weather clouds often prevented observations. Seismicity was low. Sulfur dioxide emissions averaged 525 ± 93 tonnes per day (t/d), with a maximum daily average of 618 t/d recorded on 26 September; these values were at baseline levels. The Volcanic Alert Level was lowered to Green (the lowest level on a four-level scale). SENAPRED decreased the restricted zone around the crater to 500 m, with a “Preventative Early Warning“ status issued for the communities of Villarrica, Pucón (16 km N), Curarrehue, and Panguipulli.
Sources: Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería (SERNAGEOMIN), Sistema y Servicio Nacional de Prevención y Repuesta Ante Desastres (SENAPRED)