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Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

Weekly Volcanic Activity Map

The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is a cooperative project between the Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program and the US Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program. Updated by 2300 UTC every Wednesday and averaging 16 reported volcanoes, this is not a comprehensive list of all eruptions this week, but rather a summary of activity that meet criteria discussed in the "Criteria and Disclaimers" section below.

Volcanic activity reported here is preliminary and subject to change. Carefully reviewed, detailed narratives over longer time periods are published as reports of the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network available through volcano profile pages.

Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for the week of 2 July-8 July 2025
Name Country Volcanic Region Eruption Start Date Report Status
Kirishimayama Japan Ryukyu Volcanic Arc New
Lewotobi Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2023 Dec 23 New
Lewotolok Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2025 Jan 16 New
Aira Japan Ryukyu Volcanic Arc 2017 Mar 25 Continuing
Asosan Japan Nankai Volcanic Arc Continuing
Dukono Indonesia Halmahera Volcanic Arc 1933 Aug 13 Continuing
Great Sitkin United States Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc 2021 May 25 Continuing
Home Reef Tonga Tofua Volcanic Arc 2024 Dec 4 Continuing
Ibu Indonesia Halmahera Volcanic Arc 2008 Apr 5 Continuing
Kilauea United States Hawaiian-Emperor Hotspot Volcano Group 2024 Dec 23 Continuing
Marapi Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2023 Dec 3 Continuing
Merapi Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2020 Dec 31 Continuing
Poas Costa Rica Central America Volcanic Arc 2025 Jan 5 Continuing
Rainier United States High Cascades Volcanic Arc Continuing
Raung Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc Continuing
Reventador Ecuador Northern Andean Volcanic Arc 2008 Jul 27 Continuing
Sangay Ecuador Northern Andean Volcanic Arc 2019 Mar 26 Continuing
Semeru Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2017 Jun 6 Continuing
Suwanosejima Japan Ryukyu Volcanic Arc 2004 Oct 23 Continuing
Taal Philippines Luzon Volcanic Arc Continuing
Yellowstone United States Yellowstone-Snake River Hotspot Volcano Group Continuing
All times are local unless otherwise stated.
Weekly Reports Archive

Since the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report began in November 2000, there have been 21,490 individual reports over 1,279 weeks (average of 17 per week) on 340 different volcanoes.

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Adams Cuicocha Iliwerung Llaima Popocatepetl Sumisujima
Agung Cumbal Inielika Lokon-Empung Purace Sundoro
Ahyi Dabbahu Ioto Lonquimay Puyehue-Cordon Caulle Suoh
Aira Davidof Irazu Lopevi Rabaul Suretamatai
Akan Dempo Iwatesan Machin Raikoke Suwanosejima
Alaid Descabezado Grande Iya Makushin Rainier Taal
Alu-Dalafilla Dieng Volcanic Complex Izu-Torishima Maly Semyachik Ranakah Tair, Jebel at
Ambae Dukono Jackson Segment Manam Raoul Island Takawangha
Ambang East Epi Kaba Manda Hararo Rasshua Talang
Ambrym Ebeko Kadovar Marapi Raung Tambora
Anatahan Ebulobo Kaitoku Seamount Maroa Redoubt Tanaga
Aniakchak Edgecumbe Kama'ehuakanaloa Martin Reventador Tandikat-Singgalang
Antillanca Volcanic Complex Egon Kambalny Masaya Reykjanes Tangkoko-Duasudara
Antuco Ekarma Kanaga Matthew Island Rincon de la Vieja Tangkuban Parahu
Apoyeque Eldey Kanlaon Maule, Laguna del Rinjani Tara, Batu
Arenal Erebus Karangetang Mauna Loa Ritter Island Ta'u
Asamayama Erta Ale Karkar Mayon Rotorua Taupo
Askja Etna Karthala McDonald Islands Ruang Telica
Asosan Etorofu-Yakeyama [Grozny Group] Karymsky Melebingoy Ruapehu Tenerife
Atka Volcanic Complex Eyjafjallajokull Kasatochi Melimoyu Ruby Tengger Caldera
Augustine Fagradalsfjall Katla Merapi Ruiz, Nevado del Three Sisters
Avachinsky Fentale Katmai Midagahara Sabancaya Tinakula
Awu Fernandina Kavachi Misti, El Sakar Tofua
Axial Seamount Fogo Kelimutu Miyakejima Salak Tokachidake
Azul, Cerro Fonualei Kelud Momotombo San Cristobal Tolbachik
Azumayama Fournaise, Piton de la Kerinci Monowai San Miguel Toliman
Bagana Fourpeaked Ketoi Montagu Island San Vicente Tongariro
Balbi Fuego Kharimkotan Moyorodake [Medvezhia] Sangay Trident
Bamus Fujisan Kick 'em Jenny Mutnovsky Sangeang Api Tungurahua
Banda Api Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba Kie Besi Myojinsho Santa Ana Turrialba
Bardarbunga Galeras Kikai Nabro Santa Maria Ubinas
Barren Island Galunggung Kilauea Negra, Sierra Sao Jorge Ugashik-Peulik
Batur Gamalama Kirishimayama Negro, Cerro Sarigan Ukinrek Maars
Bezymianny Gamkonora Kita-Ioto Nightingale Island Sarychev Peak Ulawun
Bogoslof Gareloi Kizimen Nishinoshima Saunders Unnamed
Brava Gaua Klyuchevskoy Nisyros Savo Unnamed
Bristol Island Gede Kolokol Group Northern EPR at 9.8°N Semeru Veniaminof
Bulusan Gorely Kolumbo Novarupta Semisopochnoi Villarrica
Calbuco Great Sitkin Koryaksky NW Rota-1 Seulawah Agam Vulcano
Callaqui Grimsvotn Krakatau Nyamulagira Sheveluch West Mata
Cameroon Guagua Pichincha Krummel-Garbuna-Welcker Nyiragongo Shishaldin Westdahl
Campi Flegrei Guallatiri Krysuvik-Trolladyngja Ofu-Olosega Simbo Whakaari/White Island
Campi Flegrei del Mar di Sicilia Guntur Kuchinoerabujima Okataina Sinabung Witori
Cayambe Hachijojima Kurikomayama Okmok Sinarka Wolf
Chachadake [Tiatia] Hakoneyama Kusatsu-Shiranesan Ontakesan Siple Wrangell
Chaiten Heard Kverkfjoll Oraefajokull Sirung Yakedake
Chiginagak Hekla La Palma Osorno Slamet Yasur
Chikurachki Helgrindur Lamington Pacaya Snaefellsjokull Yellowstone
Chiles-Cerro Negro Hierro Lamongan Pagan Soputan Yufu-Tsurumi
Chillan, Nevados de Hokkaido-Komagatake Langila Palena Volcanic Group Sorikmarapi Zaozan [Zaosan]
Chirinkotan Home Reef Lanin Paluweh Sotara Zavodovski
Chirpoi Hood Lascar Panarea Soufriere Hills Zhupanovsky
Ciremai Huaynaputina Late Papandayan Soufriere St. Vincent Zubair Group
Cleveland Hudson, Cerro Lateiki Pavlof South Sarigan Seamount
Colima Huila, Nevado del Lengai, Ol Doinyo Pelee Spurr
Colo Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Lereboleng Peuet Sague St. Helens
Concepcion Ibu Lewotobi Pinatubo Stromboli
Copahue Ijen Lewotolok Planchon-Peteroa Sulu Range
Cotopaxi Iliamna Little Sitkin Poas Sumbing
 News Feeds and Google Placemarks


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The RSS (Really Simple Syndication) feed is identical to the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report minus some features including the header information (latitude and longitude and summit elevation), the Geologic Summary, and a link to the volcano's page from the Global Volcanism Program. At the end of each report is a list of the sources used. Each volcano report includes a link from the volcano's name back to the more complete information in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report on the Smithsonian website. This feature was first made available on 5 March 2008.



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A Google Earth network link for the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report can be loaded into the free Google Earth software, and in turn will load placemarks for volcanoes in the current weekly report. Placemark balloons include the volcano name, report date, report text, sources, and links back to the GVP volcano profile page and to the complete Weekly Report for that week. This feature was first made available on 1 April 2009.

 Criteria & Disclaimers

Criteria



The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report does not necessarily include all volcanic activity that occurred on Earth during the week. More than a dozen volcanoes globally have displayed more-or-less continuous eruptive activity for decades or longer, and such routine activity is typically not reported here. Moreover, Earth's sea-floor volcanism is seldom reported even though in theory it represents the single most prolific source of erupted material. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report summarizes volcanic activity that meets one or more of the following criteria:

- A volcano observatory raises or lowers the alert level at the volcano.
- A volcanic ash advisory has been released by a volcanic ash advisory center (VAAC) stating that an ash cloud has been produced from the volcano.
- A verifiable news report of new activity or a change in activity at the volcano has been issued.
- Observers have reported a significant change in volcanic activity. Such activity can include, but is not restricted to, pyroclastic flows, lahars, lava flows, dome collapse, or increased unrest.

Volcanoes are included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report if the activity occurs after at least 3 months of quiescence. Once a volcano is included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section, updates will remain in that section unless the activity continues for more than 1 month without escalating, after which time updates will be listed in the "Continuing Activity" section. Volcanoes are also included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section if the volcano is undergoing a period of relatively high unrest, or increasing unrest. This is commonly equal to Alert Level Orange on a scale of Green, Yellow, Orange, Red, where Red is the highest alert. Or alert level 3 on a scale of 1-4 or 1-5.

It is important to note that volcanic activity meeting one or more of these criteria may occur during the week, but may not be included in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report because we did not receive a report.

Disclaimers



1. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is intended to provide timely information about global volcanism on a weekly basis. Consequently, the report is generated rapidly by summarizing volcanic reports from various sources, with little time for fact checking. The accuracy of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is dependent upon the quality of the volcanic activity reports we receive. Reports published in the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network are cover longer time periods and are more carefully reviewed, although all of the volcanoes discussed in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report are not necessarily reported in the Bulletin. Because of our emphasis on rapid reporting on the web we have avoided diacritical marks. Reports are updated on the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report web page as they are received, therefore information may be included regarding events that occurred before the current report period.

2. Rapidly developing events lead to coverage that is often fragmentary. Volcanoes, their eruptions, and their plumes and associated atmospheric effects are complex phenomena that may require months to years of data analysis in order to create a comprehensive summary and interpretation of events.

3. Preliminary accounts sometimes contain exaggerations and "false alarms," and accordingly, this report may include some events ultimately found to be erroneous or misleading.

4. Many news agencies do not archive the articles they post on the Internet, and therefore the links to some sources may not be active. To obtain information about the cited articles that are no longer available on the Internet contact the source.

5. USGS Disclaimer Statement for this Website:

Information presented on this website is considered public information and may be distributed or copied. Use of appropriate byline/photo/image credit is requested. We strongly recommend that USGS data be acquired directly from a USGS server and not through other sources that may change the data in some way. While USGS makes every effort to provide accurate and complete information, various data such as names, telephone numbers, etc. may change prior to updating. USGS welcomes suggestions on how to improve our home page and correct errors. USGS provides no warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy, reliability or completeness of furnished data.

Some of the documents on this server may contain live references (or pointers) to information created and maintained by other organizations. Please note that USGS does not control and cannot guarantee the relevance, timeliness, or accuracy of these outside materials.

For site security purposes and to ensure that this service remains available to all users, this government computer system employs software programs to monitor network traffic to identify unauthorized attempts to upload or change information, or otherwise cause damage. Unauthorized attempts to upload information or change information on this website are strictly prohibited and may be punishable under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986 and the National Information Infrastructure Protection Act. Information may also be used for authorized law enforcement investigations. (Last modified September 21, 1999.)

U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, USA
URL: https://volcano.si.edu/reports_weekly.cfm

 Acronyms and Abbreviations

a.s.l. - above sea level

AVO - Alaska Volcano Observatory

AVHRR - Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer

CENAPRED - Centro Nacionale de Prevencion de Desastres (México)

CONRED - Coordinadora Nacional para la Reducción de Desastres

COSPEC - Correlation Spectrometer

CVGHM (formerly VSI) - Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation

CVO - Cascades Volcano Observatory (USGS)

GMS - Geostationary Meteorological Satellite

GOES - Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite

GVO - Goma Volcano Observatory

GVP - Global Volcanism Program (Smithsonian Institution)

HVO - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (USGS)

ICE - Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad (Costa Rica)

IG - Instituto Geofísico (Ecuador)

IGNS - Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences (New Zealand) - now GNS Science

INETER - Instituto Nicaragüense de Estudios Territoriales (Nicaragua)

INGEMMET - Instituto Geológical Minero y Metalúrgico (Peru)

INGEOMINAS - Instituto Colombiano de Geología y Minería (Colombia)

INGV-CT - Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Catania (Italy)

INSIVUMEH - Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia e Hidrologia (Guatemala)

IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (France)

JMA - Japanese Meteorological Agency

KEMSD - Kamchatkan Experimental and Methodical Seismilogical Department

KVERT - Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team

M - magnitude

METEOSAT - Meteorological Satellite

MEVO - Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory

MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

MVO - Montserrat Volcano Observatory

MWO - Meteorological Watch Office

NEIC - National Earthquake Information Center

NIED - National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (Japan)

NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NOTAM - Notice to Airmen

OVDAS - Observatorio Volcanologico de los Andes del Sur (Chile)

OFDA - Office of US Foreign Disaster Assistance

ONEMI - Oficina Nacional de Emergencia - Ministerio del Interior (Chile)

OVPDLF - Observatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise (France)

OVSICORI-UNA - Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica, Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)

PHIVOLCS - Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (Philippines)

RSAM - Real-time Seismic Amplitude Measurement

RVO - Rabaul Volcano Observatory

SERNAGEOMIN - Servicio Nacional de Geologia y Mineria (Chile)

SIGMET - Significant Meteorological Information

SNET - Servicio Nacional de Estudios Territoriales (El Salvador)

SVERT - Sakhalin Volcanic Eruption Response Team (Russia)

USAID - US Agency for International Development

USGS - United States Geological Survey

UTC - Coordinated Universal Time

VAAC - Volcanic Ash Advisory Center

VAFTAD - Volcanic Ash Forecast Transport And Dispersion

VDAP - Volcano Disaster Assistance Program (USGS)

VHP - Volcano Hazards Program (USGS)

VRC - Volcano Research Center (Japan)

Report for Kirishimayama
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that eruptive activity continued at Shinmoedake (Shinmoe peak, a stratovolcano of the Kirishimayama volcano group) during 2-8 July. The number of volcanic earthquakes with epicenters directly beneath Shinmoedake had been fluctuating since late October 2024, though the rates continue to be high. Beginning at 1025 on 27 June continuous gas-and-ash plumes with variable densities rose to various heights above the vents on the crater floor, at least through 9 July. The plumes generally rose 300-2,800 m above the crater rim, and occasionally higher, and drifted in various directions, causing periodic ashfall in areas downwind. On 2 July a large amount of ash fell in Makizonocho (14 km SW), Kirishima City, obscuring the white lines on the roads. At 1349 on 3 July the plumes rose 5 km above the crater rim and drifted S; the taller plume was associated with rumbling sounds. During a field survey in Kobayashi City that same day observers heard loud rumbling, and a notable amount of ash again fell in Makizonocho. At 1640 on 4 July plumes rose 3.3 km above the crater rim. Ashfall during 3-4 July was confirmed in Kagoshima City, Kirishima City, Yusui (16 km WNW), Aira City 931 km SW), Minamisatsuma City, and Hioki City (55 km SW) in Kagoshima Prefecture. On 7 July sulfur dioxide emissions averaged 900 tons per day. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale) and the public was warned to exercise caution within 3 km from Shinmoedake Crater.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
Report for Lewotobi
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that an explosive eruption from Lewotobi Laki-laki at 1105 on 7 July was accompanied by loud booming sounds. A dense gray-to-black ash plume rose to around 18 km above the summit and drifted NE, N. and NW. Photos of the eruption showed pyroclastic flows descending the N and NE flanks as far as 5 km. The eruption lasted about six and a half minutes based on seismic data. According to the Badan Nacional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB) ashfall was reported in several villages in the Wulanggitang District including Nawakote, Klatanlo, Hokeng Jaya, Boru, and Pululera. A smaller explosion at 1519 generated a dense gray ash plume that rose around 1 km above the summit and drifted W. Another significant event at 1932 produced a dense gray-to-black ash plume that rose about 13 km above the summit and drifted W and NW. Incandescent material descending multiple flanks was visible in a webcam image starting at 1944.

News outlets reported that some flights from the El Tari Kupang Airport to Frans Seda Maumere Airport, along with a few dozen international flights, were cancelled. The Komodo International Airport, around 300 km W, was closed during 7-8 July. The Alert Level remained at 4 (on a scale of 1-4) and on 25 June the exclusion zone was reduced to 6 km from the center of Laki-laki and 7 km in a semicircle clockwise from the SW to the NE.
Sources: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM), Badan Nacional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB), Antara News, Antara News, Antara News, Antara News
Report for Lewotolok
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that the eruption at Lewotolok intensified during 27 June-2 July, with activity that included taller white, gray, and black ash plumes that rose 1.2 km above the summit. Incandescent material was ejected in all directions, as far as 1.5 km N and ENE, and caused vegetation fires on the N and NE flanks. Rumbling and booming sounds were reported. At 2000 on 2 July the Alert Level as raised to 3 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 3 km away from the summit. Daily gray, white-to-gray, or gray-to-black ash plumes rose 400-700 m above the summit of the cone and drifted NW, W, and SW during 2-8 July. Clear nighttime webcam images showed incandescent material both at the summit cone and being ejected above the cone. Lava flows on the flanks of the main volcano edifice were also incandescent.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Aira
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported ongoing eruptive activity at Minamidake Crater (Aira Caldera’s Sakurajima volcano) during 30 June-7 July. Nightly crater incandescence was visible in webcam images. One small eruptive event was recorded on 30 June. On 2 July sulfur dioxide emissions were slightly high, averaging 1,500 tons per day. Eruptive events during 6-7 July produced ash plumes that rose as high as 3 km above the crater rim. Plumes were continuously emitted during 1346-2310 on 6 July and during 0224-0840 on 7 July. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and the public was warned to be cautious within 2 km of both the Minimadake and Showa craters.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
Report for Asosan
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that the amplitude of volcanic tremors at Asosan began to increase at around 1150 on 4 July, signaling an increasing unrest. Sulfur dioxide gas emissions were low, averaging 300-600 tons per day. White plumes rose 300 m above the crater rim. At 1300 the Alert Level was raised to 2 (on a scale of 1-5) and the public was warned to stay at least 1 km away from Nakadake Crater.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
Report for Dukono
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity at Dukono continued during 2-8 July. Daily white-and-gray or gray-to-black gas-and-ash plumes rose 600-1,600 m above the summit and drifted NW and E. Faint booming and rumbling was heard by residents and at the observation post, 10-11 km N, during 4-5 July. Ashfall was reported in areas downwind including at the Mamuya Village Observation post and in Tobelo City (15 km ENE); more ash fell in areas of Tobelo City during 6-7 July. The Alert Level remained at Level 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 4 km away from the Malupang Warirang Crater.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Great Sitkin
The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) reported that slow lava effusion continued to feed a thick flow in Great Sitkin’s summit crater during 2-8 July. Lava-flow advancement was concentrated at the SW and SE margins based on a 3 July radar image. Small daily earthquakes were detected by the seismic network, including signals probably caused by small rockfalls from the steep flanks. Slightly elevated surface temperatures consistent with lava effusion were observed in clear satellite views during 1-2 and 4-5 July. Diffuse steaming from the known active portions of the lava flow was observed in satellite images during 7-8 July. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale).
Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)
Report for Home Reef
The Tonga Geological Services reported that activity at Home Reef continued during 21 June-5 July. Discolored water around the island was visible in clear satellite images on 26 June and 1 July. The crater was about 210 m N-S and 120 m E-W. Fresh dark deposits surrounded the vent in the first image and lighter deposits around the same area were visible in the second image. The activity could not be accurately characterized due to the images being low resolution. No thermal anomalies nor ash emissions were detected in satellite data. The Aviation Color Code remained at Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-level scale, the Maritime Alert Level remained at Orange (the third level on a four-level scale) with advice to stay at least 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) from the island, and the Alert Level for residents of Vava’u and Ha’apai remained at Green (the first level on a four-level scale).
Source: Tonga Geological Services, Government of Tonga
Report for Ibu
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that the eruption at Ibu continued during 2-8 July. Daily dense gray or white-to-gray ash plumes rose 300-700 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions. Nighttime crater incandescence was visible in some webcam images. The Alert Level remained at 3 (the second highest level on a four-level scale) and the public was advised to stay 4 km away from the active crater and 5 km away from the N crater wall opening.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Kilauea
The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) reported that the eruption within Kilauea’s Kaluapele summit caldera, characterized by episodic fountaining and intermittent spatter at two vents along the SW margin of Halema’uma’u Crater, continued at variable levels during 2-8 July. Nighttime incandescence at the N vent was visible every night, with intermittent lava spattering and jetting at the same vent visible during 3-7 July. Rockfalls from spatter deposits on the crater wall exposed areas of incandescence. Two short overflows of lava at the N vent occurred at around 1830 on 7 July. Cycles of minor lava spattering, lava jetting, and gas flames were visible during 7-8 July. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale).
Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)
Report for Marapi
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity at Marapi (on Sumatra) continued during 2-8 July. Daily white plumes rose as high as 150 m above the summit and drifted NE, E, and SE. An eruptive event was recorded at 1359 om 6 July though not visually observed. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 3 km away from the active crater.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Merapi
The Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG) reported that the eruption at Merapi (on Java) continued during 27 June-3 July. Seismic levels were similar to the previous week. The SW lava dome produced eight lava avalanches that traveled as far as 2 km SW down the Bebeng drainage, five that traveled as far as 1.5 km SW down the Krasak drainage, and 56 that traveled as far as 2 km W down the Sat/Putih drainage. Small morphological changes to the SW lava dome resulted from continuing effusion and minor collapses. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-7 km away from the summit, based on location.
Source: Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG)
Report for Poas
The Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de Costa Rica-Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA) reported continuing gas-and-steam emissions with occasional minor amounts of ash at Poás during 2-8 July. Uplift ceased to be detected in the past few weeks and no significant deformation was detected during the current week. Strong incandescence at Boca A vent was observed and the level of the hyperacid lake over Boca C had stabilized. Minor ashfall was reported in areas downwind on 3 July. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second lowest level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Yellow (the second lowest color on a four-color scale).
Source: Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica-Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA)
Report for Rainier
The Cascades Volcano Observatory (CVO) reported that a small seismic swarm at Rainier began at 0129 on 8 July. By the 0926 the seismic network recorded hundreds of earthquakes at rates up to several per minute. The earthquakes were located at depths of 2-6 km below the summit; the largest earthquake, a M 1.7, was detected at 0452. No earthquakes were felt, no deformation was detected, and no anomalous signals were detected at infrasound monitoring stations. CVO noted that seismicity is typically about 9 earthquakes per month, plus swarms once or twice per year, but with much smaller numbers of events per swarm. The last large swarm at Rainier had over 1,000 earthquakes over three days in 2009 (120 located), had an earthquake with a maximum magnitude of 2.3. Past swarms have been attributed to circulation of fluids interacting with preexisting faults. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Normal (the lowest level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Green (the lowest color on a four-color scale).
Source: US Geological Survey Cascades Volcano Observatory (CVO)
Report for Raung
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity at Raung continued during 2-8 July. Gray or white-and-gray ash plumes rose 400-1,000 m above the crater rim and drifted S and SW during 2, 4-5, and 7 July. Incandescence at the summit was sometimes visible in webcam images. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 3 km away from the summit crater.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Reventador
The Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN) reported that eruptive activity continued at Reventador during 1-8 July. Seismicity included 70-112 daily explosions, long-period earthquakes, harmonic tremor, and tremor associated with emissions. Multiple daily ash-and-gas plumes rose 400-700 m above the crater rim and drifted mainly NW, W, and SW. Webcams recorded multiple nightly instances of incandescent material descending the flanks as far as 1.1 km below the crater rim. Secretaría de Gestión de Riesgos (SGR) maintained the Alert Level at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).
Sources: Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN), Secretaría de Gestión de Riesgos (SGR)
Report for Sangay
The Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN) reported that the eruption continued at Sangay during 1-8 July. The seismic network recorded 48-94 explosions each day. Ash-and-gas plumes were observed in webcam and/or satellite images rising as high as 1.2 km above the summit and drifting mainly, NW, W, and SW, though weather clouds sometimes obscured views; plumes were not observed during 3-4 July. The surveillance camera network recorded several instances of incandescent material descending the flanks as far as 1 km during 5-7 July. Secretaría de Gestión de Riesgos (SGR) maintained the Alert Level at Yellow (the second highest level on a four-color scale).
Sources: Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN), Secretaría de Gestión de Riesgos (SGR)
Report for Semeru
The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that activity continued at Semeru during 2-8 July, often with multiple daily eruptive events recorded by the seismic network. Emissions were not visually observed most of the week. Dense white-and-gray ash plumes rose 400-1,000 m above the summit and drifted NE, N, W, and SW during 2 and 6-7 July. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second lowest level on a scale of 1-4). The public was warned to stay at least 3 km away from the summit in all directions, 8 km from the summit to the SE, 500 m from the banks of the Kobokan drainage as far as 13 km from the summit, and to avoid other drainages including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat, due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Suwanosejima
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that eruptive activity at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater continued during 30 June-7 July. Incandescence was observed nightly in webcam images. Six explosions were recorded during the week, at 0806 on 30 July, at 0752 and 1608 on 1 July, at 0206 on 2 July, and at 1327 and 2038 on 6 July. The explosions produced ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km above the crater rim and drifted W, SE, and E; some of the plumes were not visible. Ashfall was reported by the Suwanosejima Branch of the Toshima Village Office (3.5 km SSW) on 30 June and 6 July. Eruptive events during 30 June and 6-7 July generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km above the crater rim and drifted W, SE, and E. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second level on a five-level scale) and the public was warned to be cautious within 1.5 km of the crater.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
Report for Taal
The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reported increased seismicity at Taal. No volcanic earthquakes were recorded by the seismic network during 1-4 July, but two low-frequency volcanic earthquakes were detected on 5 July. A distinct increase in volcanic tremor began at 0337 on 6 July and continued at elevated levels through the day. Low levels of sulfur dioxide had been emitted in June with daily averages of 478 tonnes per day (t/d) on 2 July and 377 t/d on 4 July. Daily gas-and-steam emissions rose as high as 1.8 km above the crater rim and drifted mainly NE, though emissions became noticeably absent around the same time as increased seismicity. PHIVOLCS warned that the increased seismicity and lack of emissions may indicated a blockage and increased pressurization, potentially leading to a phreatic event. The Alert Level remained at 1 (on a scale of 0-5); PHIVOLCS reminded the public that the entire Taal Volcano Island (TVI) was a Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ) and recommended that the Main Crater and areas along the Daang Kastila fissure should remain prohibited. Pilots were warned to avoid flying over TVI.
Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)
Report for Yellowstone
The Yellowstone Volcano Observatory (YVO) reported that a small hydrothermal eruption occurred at Black Diamond Pool, in Yellowstone’s Biscuit Basin thermal area, at 2018 on 3 July based on webcam images. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Normal (the lowest level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Green (the lowest color on a four-color scale).
Source: Yellowstone Volcano Observatory (YVO)