Aira (Japan) | 26 November-2 December 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported ongoing eruptive activity at Minamidake Crater (Aira Caldera’s Sakurajima volcano) during 24 November-1 December with five eruptive events and two explosions. Nightly crater incandescence was visible in webcam images. Sulfur dioxide emissions were characterized as extremely high, averaging 4,500 tons per day on 25 November. An explosion at 2120 on 24 November ejected blocks 600-900 m from the vent; emission characteristics were unknown. At 0223 on 27 November an explosion generated an ash plume that rose 3 km above the summit and ejected blocks 300-500 m from the vent. By 0800 notable ashfall was reported in Kagoshima City (about 10 km W). Ash plumes from eruptive events at 0254 and at 1440 on 27 November, at 1332 on 28 November, and at 1631 on 30 November rose 1-1.4 km above the crater rim and drifted NE, E, and SE. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and the public was warned to be cautious within 2 km of both the Minimadake and Showa craters.

Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

Ambae (Vanuatu) | 26 November-2 December 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

The Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD) reported ongoing unrest at Ambae during the month of November based on seismic and satellite data and webcam images. Sulfur dioxide emissions at variable rates were identified in satellite images during 1-3, 5-13, 15-17, and 19-24 November. Steam and/or gas emissions were visible in satellite and webcam observations during 3-4, 6-10, 12, 14, 18-19, and 23-25 November. A low-level thermal anomaly was also detected in satellite images during 3, 5-7, 10-12, and 25 November. According to the Wellington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) a low-level ash plume rose to 2.4 km (8,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE on 1 and 3 December. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 0-5), and the public was warned to stay outside of Danger Zone A, defined as a 2-km radius around the active vents in Lake Voui, and to stay away from drainages during heavy rains.

Sources: Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD), Wellington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

Ambrym (Vanuatu) | 26 November-2 December 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

The Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD) reported ongoing unrest at Ambrym during November. Small fumarolic plumes rose from both craters based on 2 November observations photos. A weak thermal anomaly was detected in satellite images during 3, 5-7, and 11 November. Seismic data confirmed ongoing unrest and was characterized by volcanic tremor and several volcano-seismic events. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 0-5). VMGD warned the public to stay outside of Permanent Danger Zone A, defined as a 1-km radius around Benbow Crater and a 2-km radius around Marum Crater, and to stay 500 m away from the ground cracks created by the December 2018 eruption.

Source: Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD)

Fuego (Guatemala) | 26 November-2 December 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

The Instituto Nacional de Sismología, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia e Hidrología (INSIVUMEH) reported that eruptive activity at Fuego continued during 25 November-2 December. Daily Strombolian explosions recorded by the seismic network, at rates of 4-15 per hour, generated gas-and-ash plumes that rose as high as 1.1 km above the summit and drifted as far as 40 km NW, W, and SW. Occasional rumbling sounds, shock waves, and/or sounds associated with gas emissions were reported. Explosions occasionally ejected incandescent material as high as 200 m above the summit and showered the upper flanks with incandescent material. Daily incandescent avalanches of material descended the flanks, including the Las Lajas (SE), Seca (W), Taniluya (SSW), Trinidad (SSW), Santa Teresa (W), El Jute (ESE), Honda, and Ceniza (SSW) drainages, occasionally reaching vegetated areas. Ashfall was reported in areas downwind on most days including Panimache (8 km SW), Sangre de Cristo, Finca Palo Verde, El Porvenir (10 km S), Morelia (10 km SW), Santa Sofia (12 km SW), Los Yucales (12 km SW), and Yepocapa. The Coordinadora Nacional para la Reducción de Desastres (CONRED) reported that a tourist climbing near the crater on 30 November was injured and had to be carried down by companions and rescuers.

Sources: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH), Coordinadora Nacional para la Reducción de Desastres (CONRED)

Great Sitkin (United States) | 26 November-2 December 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) reported that slow lava effusion continued to feed a thick flow in Great Sitkin’s summit crater during 26 November-2 December. Satellite data indicated that both the SW and SE parts of the flow margins had advanced during the previous week. Seismicity was low. Weather clouds obscured satellite and webcam views. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale).

Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)

Ibu (Indonesia) | 26 November-2 December 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that the eruption at Ibu continued during 26 November-2 December. Dense gray, gray-to-brown, or white-to-gray ash plumes rose 300-800 m above the summit and drifted NE, E, and SE on most days; weather conditions prevented visual confirmation on 2 December. Incandescence at the summit was visible in a few nighttime webcam images. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second lowest level on a four-level scale) and the public was advised to stay 2 km away from the active crater and 3.5 km away from the N crater wall opening.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Kanlaon (Philippines) | 26 November-2 December 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reported continuing eruptive activity at Kanlaon during 24 November-2 December. The seismic network recorded 0-5 daily volcanic earthquakes. Gas-and-steam emissions of variable densities rose 75-600 m above the crater rim and drifted NW, SW, and SSW; weather clouds obscured views on 25 November. Daily sulfur dioxide emissions ranged from 523 to 2,667 tonnes per day. Two ash emissions, six and 31 minutes long, were recorded on 24 November. One of the ash plumes, observed at 0554, rose 75 m above the crater rim and drifted SW. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 0-5); the public was warned to stay out of the 4-km-radius Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ) and pilots were advised to avoid flying close to the summit.

Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)

Kilauea (United States) | 26 November-2 December 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) reported that the eruption within Kilauea’s Kaluapele summit caldera, characterized by episodic fountaining, incandescence, and intermittent spatter from craters along the SW margin of Halema’uma’u Crater, continued at variable levels during 25 November-2 December. Following several days of precursory overflows (76 total since 0930 on 21 November) and low dome fountaining, a sustained lava overflow at the N vent began at 1415 on 25 November and as followed by lava fountaining at 1430. Two sustained lava fountains rose as high as 180 m for 9.2 hours, erupting lava at a combined rate of 190 cubic meters per second. An estimated 6.3 million cubic meters of lava flows covered about 75 percent of the crater floor. The eruptive plume rose higher than 4.2 km (14,000 ft) a.s.l. Lava did not erupt from the S vent, though weak spattering and persistent flaming was visible. The N vent abruptly ceased erupting at 2339. During 26 November-2 December peaks in tremor were indicative of gas pistoning at depth within the vents. Incandescence at the S vent was visible during dark hours and incandescence at the N vent was visible during dark hours starting on 29 November. White gas emissions rose from the craters. Weak spattering at the N vent was visible overnight during 1-2 December. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale).

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

Krasheninnikov (Russia) | 26 November-2 December 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that the eruption at Krasheninnikov continued during 21-27 November. A daily large thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images. The Northern Cone continued to effuse lava onto the E flank. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates and times are provided in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC); specific events are indicated in local time where specified.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Lopevi (Vanuatu) | 26 November-2 December 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

The Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD) reported continuing unrest at Lopevi during November. Seismicity was characterized by volcanic tremor and several volcano-seismic events. Small fumarolic steam plumes were continuously emitted from the summit crater during 3, 6-9, 13, 18, 20, and 24-25 November based on webcam images. Low-level thermal anomalies were identified in satellite images on 5, 7, and 10 November. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 0-4).

Source: Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD)

Manam (Papua New Guinea) | 26 November-2 December 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

The Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC) reported that an ash plume from Manam was identified in a satellite image at 1730 on 30 November drifting NW. Weather clouds obscured the area later that day and early on 1 December.

Source: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC)

Marapi (Indonesia) | 26 November-2 December 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that an eruptive event at Marapi (on Sumatra) was recorded at 2234 on 2 December. Emissions were not observed. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 3 km away from the active crater.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Merapi (Indonesia) | 26 November-2 December 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that the eruption at Merapi continued during 26 November-2 December. The seismic network recorded the descent of pyroclastic flows during 27-28 and 30 November. The SW lava dome produced nine lava avalanches that traveled as far as 1.9 km SW down the Bebeng drainage on 28 November, one that traveled 1.8 km down the Bebeng drainage on 30 November, 19 that traveled as far as 1.7 km SW down the Krasak drainage on 1 December, and six that traveled 2 km W down the Sat/Putih drainage. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-7 km away from the summit, based on location.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Sabancaya (Peru) | 26 November-2 December 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

The Instituto Geofísico del Perú’s (IGP) Centro Vulcanológico Nacional (CENVUL) reported that daily gas-and-steam plumes at Sabancaya rose 300-1,100 m above the crater rim and drifted less than 10 km in multiple directions during 25 November-2 December. One to two thermal anomalies on the summit crater floor were detected almost daily. The seismic network detected 7-11 daily signals indicating the movement of magma and gases. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale) and the public was warned to stay outside of a 12 km radius from the summit.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

Sheveluch (Russia) | 26 November-2 December 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported continuing eruptive activity at Sheveluch’s “300 years of RAS” dome on the SW flank of Old Sheveluch and at the Young Sheveluch dome during 20-27 November. Thermal anomalies over the domes were identified in satellite images during 21-22 and 25-27 November; the volcano was obscured by weather clouds on the other days. Three explosions during 26-27 November generated ash plumes that rose around 5 km, 8.6 km, and 10 km a.s.l., respectively, and drifted 385 km NE. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Stromboli (Italy) | 26 November-2 December 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

The Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV) reported that eruptive activity continued at Stromboli during 24-30 November. Webcam images showed Strombolian activity at five vents in Area N within the upper part of the Sciara del Fuoco, and from at least two vents in Area C-S (South-Central Crater) on the crater terrace. The vents in Area N (two in sector N1 and three in sector N2) continued to produce low- to medium-intensity explosions at a rate of 16-21 events per hour, ejecting lapilli and bombs less than 150 m above the vents. Spattering at both sectors was visible, though the activity was more intense at N1 during 24, 26, and 28-29 November. Low- to medium-intensity explosions ejected tephra from two vents in Area C-S at a rate of 0-4 times per hour. A lava flow began to descend the Sciara del Fuoco at 0135 on 29 November extending about halfway down. The flow appeared to be cooling after a few hours. The Alert Level remained at Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-level scale) according to the Dipartimento della Protezione Civile.

Sources: Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV), Dipartimento della Protezione Civile

Suwanosejima (Japan) | 26 November-2 December 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that eruptive activity at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater continued during 21-28 November. Incandescence was observed nightly in webcam images and ashfall was reported in Toshima Village (3.5 km SSW). At 0310 on 23 November an eruptive event produced an ash plume that rose 1.3 km above the crater rim and drifted N. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second level on a five-level scale) and the public was warned to be cautious within 1.5 km of the crater.

Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

Taal (Philippines) | 26 November-2 December 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reported eruptive activity at Taal during 23 November-2 December. The seismic network recorded 3-40 daily volcanic earthquakes along with periods of volcanic tremor lasting one minute long to days long. Daily gas-and-steam emissions with variable densities rose 600-1,800 m above the crater rim and drifted mainly SW, W, and NW. Sulfur dioxide emissions averaged 208 tonnes per day (t/d) on 27 November. One minor phreatomagmatic event occurred during 0948-0950 on 23 November and produced a grayish plume that rose 750 m above the crater rim and drifted SW. The Alert Level remained at 1 (on a scale of 0-5); PHIVOLCS reminded the public that the entire Taal Volcano Island (TVI) was a Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ) and recommended that the Main Crater and areas along the Daang Kastila fissure should remain prohibited. Pilots were warned to avoid flying over TVI.

Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)

Whakaari/White Island (New Zealand) | 26 November-2 December 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

According to the Wellington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) low-level gas-and-steam emissions at Whakaari/White Island were detected during 24, 26, 28, and 30 November and sometimes contained ash. The plumes rose 900 m (3,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted S and E based on pilot observations, satellite images, and webcam images.

Source: Wellington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

Yasur (Vanuatu) | 26 November-2 December 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

The Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD) reported that activity at Yasur continued at a level of “major unrest,” as defined by the Alert Level 2 status (on a scale of 0-5) during November. Activity was characterized by continuous explosions, voluminous and high emissions of gas, steam, and/or ash plumes, and nighttime incandescence. Sulfur dioxide gas emissions were at moderate-to-high levels and low-to-moderate power thermal anomalies were identified in satellite images. Seismic data confirmed continuing volcanic activity with explosions that were occasionally strong. The report warned that ejected material from explosions could fall in and around the crater. The public was reminded to not enter the restricted area within 600 m around the boundaries of the Permanent Exclusion Zone, defined by Danger Zone A on the hazard map.

Source: Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD)