Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

Updates to the Weeky Volcanic Activity Report will resume during the week of 16-22 November 2025.

Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is a cooperative project between the Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program and the US Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program. Updated by 2300 UTC every Wednesday and averaging 16 reported volcanoes, this is not a comprehensive list of all eruptions this week, but rather a summary of activity that meet criteria discussed in the "Criteria and Disclaimers" section below.

Volcanic activity reported here is preliminary and subject to change. Carefully reviewed, detailed narratives over longer time periods are published as reports of the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network available through volcano profile pages.

Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for the week of 19 November-25 November 2025
Name	Country	Volcanic Region	Eruption Start Date	Report Status
Barren Island	India	Andaman Volcanic Province	—	New
Bezymianny	Russia	Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc	2024 Dec 24	New
Bur ni Telong	Indonesia	Sunda Volcanic Arc	—	New
Hayli Gubbi	Ethiopia	Afar Rift Volcanic Province	—	New
Lewotobi	Indonesia	Sunda Volcanic Arc	2023 Dec 23	New
Sangeang Api	Indonesia	Sunda Volcanic Arc	—	New
Semeru	Indonesia	Sunda Volcanic Arc	2019 Feb 24	New
Ahyi	United States	Mariana Volcanic Arc	—	Continuing
Aira	Japan	Ryukyu Volcanic Arc	2017 Mar 25	Continuing
Great Sitkin	United States	Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc	2021 May 25	Continuing
Ibu	Indonesia	Halmahera Volcanic Arc	2008 Apr 5	Continuing
Kanlaon	Philippines	Negros-Sulu Volcanic Arc	2024 Oct 19	Continuing
Kilauea	United States	Hawaiian-Emperor Hotspot Volcano Group	2024 Dec 23	Continuing
Krasheninnikov	Russia	Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc	2025 Aug 2	Continuing
Purace	Colombia	Northern Andean Volcanic Arc	—	Continuing
Sheveluch	Russia	Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc	1999 Aug 15	Continuing
Suwanosejima	Japan	Ryukyu Volcanic Arc	2004 Oct 23	Continuing
Whakaari/White Island	New Zealand	Taupo Volcanic Arc	—	Continuing
Yasur	Vanuatu	Vanuatu Volcanic Arc	1270 ± 110 years	Continuing

All times are local unless otherwise stated.

Barren Island (India) | 19 November-25 November 2025 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Barren Island
Andaman Volcanic Province

Eruptive activity was identified at Barren Island on 25 November by the Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC). A pilot observed continuous ash emissions rising to 2.4 km (8,000 ft) a.s.l. drifting SW.

Source: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC)

Bezymianny (Russia) | 19 November-25 November 2025 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Bezymianny
Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc

The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that activity at Bezymianny was gradually increasing. A large bright thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images during 16-20 November. The Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FEB RAS) reported that on most days hot avalanches descended the SE flank, crater incandescence was visible, and occasional ash plumes generated at the summit or by avalanches rose as high as 4 km a.s.l.; weather clouds sometimes obscured views. The Kamchatka Volcanological Station (Volkstat) reported that scientists visited the area on 20 November and observed hot avalanches descending the SW part of a newly erupted viscous lava dome. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are reported in UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT), Kamchatka Volcanological Station, Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (IVS) of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FEB RAS)

Bur ni Telong (Indonesia) | 19 November-25 November 2025 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Bur ni Telong
Sunda Volcanic Arc

The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported increased seismicity at Bur ni Telong. A M 4.3 tectonic earthquake was recorded at 0030 on 25 November and located about 16 km NE of the main crater. The tectonic earthquake was followed by increased seismicity at Bur ni Telong characterized by a total of 18 deep volcanic earthquakes, six local tectonic earthquakes, and six distant tectonic earthquakes recorded during 0000-0600. The Alert Level was raised to 2 (the second lowest level on a scale of 1-4) at 0900 on 25 November. The public was advised to maintain a minimum distance of 1.5 km from the crater area and to avoid the fumarole and solfatara regions, especially during cloudy or rainy weather.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Hayli Gubbi (Ethiopia) | 19 November-25 November 2025 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Hayli Gubbi
Afar Rift Volcanic Province

An ash plume from the first recorded explosive eruption at Hayli Gubbi was detected in satellite data at around 1130 on 23 November. According to a news report, residents described hearing a loud sound and feeling a shock wave; an explosion was heard 50 km from Semera (190 km S of Hayli Gubbi). Ash plumes quickly rose to 13.7 km (45,000 ft) a.s.l., later reaching as high as 15.2 km (50,000 ft) a.s.l. At around 1400 satellite data showed that the plume was spreading into the upper troposphere and contained approximately 220,000 tons of sulfur dioxide. A sequence of satellite images showed the higher ash plume drifting ENE. The images also showed a lower altitude cloud of pyroclastic material moving to the N about 130 km and spreading about 60 km laterally. That plume appeared to be on or low to the ground, and followed terrain, suggesting that it was the dilute part of a pyroclastic density current. Photos included in news reports showed ash plumes rising from the flat ground at some distance from the crater, consistent with material rising from a PDC, although the exact location of the photos was unknown. News reports noted that many surrounding villages, including Afdera (28 km W), were covered in ashfall; no deaths were reported. Several flights were cancelled or diverted across various countries in the region. Although the Toulouse VAAC reported that eruptive activity ceased by 2300, a large ash plume with a significant sulfur dioxide component persisted over Yemen, with lower-level ash continuing to drift over Ethiopia.

The Toulouse VAAC stated that by 0057 on 24 November a substantial ash and sulfur dioxide cloud was present over Yemen and Oman, and by 1058 the plume was situated between Oman and Pakistan, moving ENE at altitudes of 7.6-13.7 km (25,000-45,000 ft) a.s.l. By 1700 a broad ash cloud was spreading E across southern Pakistan and northeastern India, with a possible plume of resuspended ash rising to 4.6 km (15,000 ft) a.s.l. detected near the Gulf of Aden. By 2300 the ash cloud was detected over northern Indian (over Delhi, 4,130 km NE) and was moving quickly towards China. News media reported flight disruptions in India on 25 November.

According to the UK Centre for Observation and Modelling of Earthquakes Volcanoes and Tectonics (COMET) response reports, explosive activity at Erta Ale (12 km NW) on 15 July was accompanied by an intrusion of magma along a dike that propagated SE towards Hayli Gubbi. Sentinel satellite imagery on 16 July showed a line of fissure vents that produced lava flows outside the S caldera of Erta Ale (6 km S of the northern pit craters). Another group of four fissure vents opened further along the rift to the SE, with the most distant only 2 km from the Hayli Gubbi crater. No lava lakes were seen in the pit craters after 18 July, but satellite data indicated uplift in the region during 21 July-3 August, and an anomalous white cloud within Hayli Gubbi’s crater was observed on 25 July. Satellite data showed that the white plume covered the crater floor in most of the images (several per month) at least through 18 November.

Sources: Toulouse Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC), Copernicus, Associated Press, The UK Centre for Observation and Modelling of Earthquakes, Volcanoes and Tectonics (COMET), Gulf News, Simon Carn, Afar Communication Bureau, The Week, Hindustan Times

Lewotobi (Indonesia) | 19 November-25 November 2025 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Lewotobi
Sunda Volcanic Arc

In a special report from 24 November the Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) stated that seismicity at Lewotobi Laki-laki began to increase over the previous few days. The dominant seismic signals, non-harmonic and low-frequency, indicated activity at shallow depths. Increased inflation was detected in tiltmeter data during the previous three days, although Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data continued to show fluctuations in the vertical component over the past week. Beginning at 1400 on 24 November there was an increase in the number of deep volcanic earthquakes, indicating a rapid rise of magma. At 2100 the Alert Level was raised to 4 (the highest level on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 6 km away from the center of Laki-laki and 7 km in an area clockwise from NW to NE

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Sangeang Api (Indonesia) | 19 November-25 November 2025 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Sangeang Api
Sunda Volcanic Arc

The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that activity at Sangeang Api increased during 1-22 November. Notably, five tornillo earthquakes were detected and on 18 November there was a significant increase in seismic signals indicating emissions. White, gray, and brown emissions rose as high as 35 m above the crater rim on 20 November, followed by white emissions that rose 15-25 m above the crater rim during 21-22 November. Seismicity intensified further on 22 November, and a new eruption was confirmed by visual observations of emissions that appeared to be rising from a different vent that had been active in 2014. At 0600 the Alert Level was raised to 2 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 3 km away from the active crater and additionally from an area on the ESE flank than spanned from the crater to the coastline, 6.5 km away. White-and-gray emissions rose 200-300 m above the crater rim on 23 November.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Semeru (Indonesia) | 19 November-25 November 2025 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Semeru
Sunda Volcanic Arc

The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that eruptive activity continued at Semeru during 20-25 November. Eruptive events were recorded during 20-21 and 24 November, but weather conditions prevented visual confirmation. White-and-gray ash plumes rose 500-700 m above the summit and drifted SW on 23 November and rose 500-1,000 m and drifted N on 25 November. Incandescence at the summit on the upper SE flank was visible in several nighttime webcam images.

Around 300 residents were evacuated on 19 November after a series of pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) traveled as far as 13 km down the S and SE flanks. Authorities also evacuated 137 climbers who were camping within 8 km of the summit in the Ranu Kumbolo area. By the evening of 20 November there were 1,116 people in evacuation shelters. There were no fatalities, though three people were significantly burned. Rain continued in the area during 19-21 November. On the evening of 21 November lahars interacted with hot material that had been deposited along the Regoyo River, causing a burst of ash and steam that deposited material on the Piket Zero road, which connects Lumajang (32 km ESE) and Malang (35 km NW). Authorities temporarily closed access to the Besuk Kobokan Bridge (13 km SE) or Gladak Perak Bridge due to low visibility. The Badan Nacional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB) reported that drone surveys were carried out on 23 November to assess the areas impacted by ashfall, focusing on Sumbermujur (9 km ESE) and the Besuk Kobokan Bridge. They found that ashfall impacted Supiturang (8 km SE) and Oro-Oro Ombo (8 km SE) in the Pronojiwo District, and Penanggal Village (14 km ESE) in the Candipuro District. There were 21 severely damaged houses, damage to an education facility, and damage to a health facility. Additionally, about 204 hectares of agricultural land were impacted. The Alert level remained at 4 (the highest level on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay at least 8 km away from the summit in all directions and 500 m from the banks of the Kobokan drainage as far as 20 km from the summit.

Sources: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM), Badan Nacional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB), Antara News, Antara News, Antara News, Antara News

Ahyi (United States) | 19 November-25 November 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Ahyi
Mariana Volcanic Arc

The US Geological Survey reported that signs of unrest at Ahyi Seamount were observed during the previous few weeks. A small green-and-white submarine plume of water drifting up to 520 m NE of the volcano was observed in a high-resolution satellite image on 14 November. One signal coming from the direction of Ahyi, possibly related to activity, was identified in data from underwater pressure sensors near Wake Island (about 2,270 km E of Ahyi) on 18 November. The Aviation Color Code remained at Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale) and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Advisory (the second lowest level on a four-level scale).

Source: US Geological Survey

Aira (Japan) | 19 November-25 November 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Aira
Ryukyu Volcanic Arc

The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported ongoing eruptive activity at Minamidake Crater (Aira Caldera’s Sakurajima volcano) during 17-24 November with 25 eruptive events and eight explosions. Nightly crater incandescence was visible in webcam images. Sulfur dioxide emissions were characterized as extremely high, averaging 3,500 tons per day on 17 November. Explosions were recorded at 0554 on 17 November, at 0717, at 0732, and at 2305 on November 18, at 1814 on 19 November, at 0027 and 1929 on 21 November, and at 2120 on 24 November. Ash plumes from most of the explosions rose 400-2,400 m above the crater rim and drifted SE and E; no emissions from the 24 November explosion were visible, possibly due to weather conditions. Most of the explosions ejected somewhat large or large blocks as far as 1 km from the vent. Eruptive events during 17-19 and 21 November produced ash plumes that rose as high as 2.1 km above the crater rim and drifted E and SE. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and the public was warned to be cautious within 2 km of both the Minimadake and Showa craters.

Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

Great Sitkin (United States) | 19 November-25 November 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Great Sitkin
Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc

The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) reported that slow lava effusion continued to feed a thick flow in Great Sitkin’s summit crater during 18-25 November. Satellite data indicated that both the SW and SE parts of the flow margins had advanced about 10 m during the previous week. Small daily earthquakes were detected by the seismic network. Weather clouds sometimes obscured satellite and webcam views, though elevated surface temperatures were identified in satellite views on 18 November. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale).

Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)

Ibu (Indonesia) | 19 November-25 November 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Ibu
Halmahera Volcanic Arc

The Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that the eruption at Ibu continued during 18-25 November. Eruptive events were recorded daily, though weather conditions sometimes prevented visual confirmation, particularly on 19 and 22 November. Dense gray ash plumes rose 300-1,000 m above the summit and drifted NE and SE during 20-21 and 23-24 November. Incandescence at the summit was visible in a few nighttime webcam images; notably, Strombolian activity was visible in a webcam image at 2049 on 20 November. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second lowest level on a four-level scale) and the public was advised to stay 2 km away from the active crater and 3.5 km away from the N crater wall opening.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Kanlaon (Philippines) | 19 November-25 November 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Kanlaon
Negros-Sulu Volcanic Arc

The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reported continuing eruptive activity at Kanlaon during 18-24 November. The seismic network recorded 1-3 daily volcanic earthquakes during 18-22 November and 26 volcanic earthquakes during 22-23 November. Gas-and-steam emissions of variable densities rose 75-100 m above the crater rim and drifted NW, WNW, SW, and SSW. Sulfur dioxide emissions ranged from 1,494 to 2,427 tonnes per day. An eight-minute-long ash emission was recorded on 21 November. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 0-5); the public was warned to stay out of the 4-km-radius Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ) and pilots were advised to avoid flying close to the summit.

Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)

Kilauea (United States) | 19 November-25 November 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Kilauea
Hawaiian-Emperor Hotspot Volcano Group

The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) reported that the eruption within Kilauea’s Kaluapele summit caldera, characterized by episodic fountaining, incandescence, and intermittent spatter from craters along the SW margin of Halema’uma’u Crater, continued at variable levels during 19-24 November. Incandescence at both the N and S vents was visible overnight during 19-21 November. Intermittent spattering at the N vent was visible from 2130 on 20 November to 0030 on 21 November. Overflows of lava at the S vent began just after 0930 on 21 November and was followed by alternating overflows at both vents through the next morning. About 30 instances of vent overflows occurred in total, with about two-thirds originating at the S vent and one-third originating at the N vent. At 0130 on 22 November one of the overflows at the S vent produced a dome fountain 5-20 m tall that lasted about 25 minutes. Overflows at the S vent became frequent throughout the day, occurring about every 15-45 minutes, with each lasting 5-15 minutes. Activity changed by 1800 to less frequent, longer duration (50-70 minutes) overflows that each produced dome fountains of 5-10 m high. During the day on 23 November periodic dome fountain overflows continued at a rate of approximately once per hour, with each overflow lasting about 30-40 minutes. The overflows stopped at 0010 on 24 November, though strong glow and occasional spatter continued. In total there were 73 overflows from 0930 on 21 November to about 1200 on 24 November. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale).

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

Krasheninnikov (Russia) | 19 November-25 November 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Krasheninnikov
Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc

The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that the eruption at Krasheninnikov continued during 15-20 November. A daily large thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images. Ash plumes drifted 40 km SW and NE on 13 and 15 November, respectively. Plumes of resuspended ash drifted 195 km SE on 20 November. Satellite images showed new lava lobes along the margins of the N flow near the distal end of the lava flow during 16-22 November. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates and times are provided in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC); specific events are indicated in local time where specified.

Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT), Copernicus

Purace (Colombia) | 19 November-25 November 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Purace
Northern Andean Volcanic Arc

At 0740 on 25 November the Servicio Geologico Colombiano (SGC) reported that increased seismicity at Puracé had been detected for a few hours. The seismicity was characterized by tremor and long-period signals located beneath the crater at depths less than 1 km. The signals were accompanied by gas plumes that rose up to 1.6 km above the summit and drifted SW. A small amount of ash may have been present in the plumes. The Alert Level remained at Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Servicio Geológico Colombiano (SGC)

Sheveluch (Russia) | 19 November-25 November 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Sheveluch
Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc

The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported continuing eruptive activity at Sheveluch’s “300 years of RAS” dome on the SW flank of Old Sheveluch and at the Young Sheveluch dome during 14-20 November. Thermal anomalies over the domes were identified in satellite images during 13-17 November; the volcano was obscured by weather clouds on the other days. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Suwanosejima (Japan) | 19 November-25 November 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Suwanosejima
Ryukyu Volcanic Arc

The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that eruptive activity at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater continued during 14-21 November. Incandescence was observed nightly in webcam images and ashfall was reported in Toshima Village (3.5 km SSW). An eruptive event at 2157 on 16 November produced an ash plume that rose 1.5 km above the crater rim and drifted W. At 0740 on 21 November an eruptive event produced an ash plume that rose 1 km above the crater rim and drifted S. The Alert Level remained at 2 (the second level on a five-level scale) and the public was warned to be cautious within 1.5 km of the crater.

Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

Whakaari/White Island (New Zealand) | 19 November-25 November 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Whakaari/White Island
Taupo Volcanic Arc

According to the Wellington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) low-level ash emissions at Whakaari/White Island continued during 20-21 and 24-25 November. Ash plumes rose 0.6-1.5 km (2,000-5,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted in multiple directions based on pilot observations and satellite images. A Volcanic Ash Advisory (VAA) issued at 1930 on 25 November noted that a pilot observed ash extending over Maketu (70 km WSW) toward Lake Rotoma (80 km SW).

Source: Wellington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

Yasur (Vanuatu) | 19 November-25 November 2025 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Yasur
Vanuatu Volcanic Arc

The Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD) reported that activity at Yasur continued at a level of “major unrest,” as defined by the Alert Level 2 status (on a scale of 0-5) during November. Mid-to-high-level thermal anomalies were identified in satellite images during 17-19 November as well as gas-and-steam plumes containing ash. The ash-and-gas plume rose to high levels on 20 November based on webcam images. Seismic data confirmed continuing volcanic activity with explosions that were occasionally strong. The report warned that ejected material from explosions could fall in and around the crater. The public was reminded to not enter the restricted area within 600 m around the boundaries of the Permanent Exclusion Zone, defined by Danger Zone A on the hazard map.

Source: Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD)

Weekly Reports Archive

Since the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report began in November 2000, there have been 21,843 individual reports over 1,293 weeks (average of 17 per week) on 344 different volcanoes.

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Criteria & Disclaimers

Criteria

The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report does not necessarily include all volcanic activity that occurred on Earth during the week. More than a dozen volcanoes globally have displayed more-or-less continuous eruptive activity for decades or longer, and such routine activity is typically not reported here. Moreover, Earth's sea-floor volcanism is seldom reported even though in theory it represents the single most prolific source of erupted material. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report summarizes volcanic activity that meets one or more of the following criteria:

- A volcano observatory raises or lowers the alert level at the volcano.
- A volcanic ash advisory has been released by a volcanic ash advisory center (VAAC) stating that an ash cloud has been produced from the volcano.
- A verifiable news report of new activity or a change in activity at the volcano has been issued.
- Observers have reported a significant change in volcanic activity. Such activity can include, but is not restricted to, pyroclastic flows, lahars, lava flows, dome collapse, or increased unrest.

Volcanoes are included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report if the activity occurs after at least 3 months of quiescence. Once a volcano is included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section, updates will remain in that section unless the activity continues for more than 1 month without escalating, after which time updates will be listed in the "Continuing Activity" section. Volcanoes are also included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section if the volcano is undergoing a period of relatively high unrest, or increasing unrest. This is commonly equal to Alert Level Orange on a scale of Green, Yellow, Orange, Red, where Red is the highest alert. Or alert level 3 on a scale of 1-4 or 1-5.

It is important to note that volcanic activity meeting one or more of these criteria may occur during the week, but may not be included in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report because we did not receive a report.

Disclaimers

1. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is intended to provide timely information about global volcanism on a weekly basis. Consequently, the report is generated rapidly by summarizing volcanic reports from various sources, with little time for fact checking. The accuracy of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is dependent upon the quality of the volcanic activity reports we receive. Reports published in the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network are cover longer time periods and are more carefully reviewed, although all of the volcanoes discussed in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report are not necessarily reported in the Bulletin. Because of our emphasis on rapid reporting on the web we have avoided diacritical marks. Reports are updated on the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report web page as they are received, therefore information may be included regarding events that occurred before the current report period.

2. Rapidly developing events lead to coverage that is often fragmentary. Volcanoes, their eruptions, and their plumes and associated atmospheric effects are complex phenomena that may require months to years of data analysis in order to create a comprehensive summary and interpretation of events.

3. Preliminary accounts sometimes contain exaggerations and "false alarms," and accordingly, this report may include some events ultimately found to be erroneous or misleading.

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