Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is a cooperative project between the Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program and the US Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program. Updated by 2300 UTC every Wednesday and averaging 16 reported volcanoes, this is not a comprehensive list of all eruptions this week, but rather a summary of activity that meet criteria discussed in the "Criteria and Disclaimers" section below.

Volcanic activity reported here is preliminary and subject to change. Carefully reviewed, detailed narratives over longer time periods are published as reports of the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network available through volcano profile pages.

Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for the week of 26 January-1 February 2022
Name	Location	Eruption Start Date	Report Status
Ambae	Vanuatu	—	New
Ambrym	Vanuatu	—	New
Batu Tara	Komba Island	—	New
Callaqui	Central Chile	—	New
Chikurachki	Paramushir Island (Russia)	—	New
Lascar	Northern Chile	—	New
Soufriere Hills	Montserrat	—	New
Taal	Luzon (Philippines)	2024 Apr 12	New
Three Sisters	Oregon	—	New
Wolf	Isla Isabela (Galapagos)	—	New
Aira	Kyushu (Japan)	2017 Mar 25	Continuing
Davidof	Aleutian Islands (USA)	—	Continuing
Great Sitkin	Andreanof Islands (USA)	2021 May 25	Continuing
Karymsky	Eastern Kamchatka (Russia)	—	Continuing
Kilauea	Hawaiian Islands (USA)	—	Continuing
Lewotolok	Lembata Island	2020 Nov 27	Continuing
Merapi	Central Java	2020 Dec 31	Continuing
Pavlof	Alaska Peninsula, Alaska	—	Continuing
Rincon de la Vieja	Costa Rica	2021 Jun 28	Continuing
Santa Maria	Southwestern Guatemala	1922 Jun 22	Continuing
Semisopochnoi	Aleutian Islands (USA)	—	Continuing
Sheveluch	Central Kamchatka (Russia)	1999 Aug 15	Continuing
Suwanosejima	Ryukyu Islands (Japan)	2004 Oct 23	Continuing
Turrialba	Costa Rica	—	Continuing
Yasur	Vanuatu	1270 ± 110 years	Continuing

All times are local unless otherwise stated.

Ambae | 26 January-1 February 2022 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Ambae
Vanuatu

On 27 January the Vanuatu Meteorology and Geo-Hazards Department (VMGD) reported that the cone in Ambae’s Lake Voui continued to grow and produce steam-and-ash emissions. Minor ashfall was reported in areas downwind, including in local villages. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 0-5) and the public was warned to stay outside of the Danger Zone defined as a 2-km radius around the active vents in Lake Voui and away from drainages during heavy rains.

Source: Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD)

Ambrym | 26 January-1 February 2022 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Ambrym
Vanuatu

On 27 January the Vanuatu Meteorology and Geo-Hazards Department (VMGD) reported that steam-and-gas emissions rose from Ambrym’s Benbow Crater, and incandescence from the same crater was visible at night. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 0-5). VMGD warned the public to stay outside of the Permanent Danger Zone A, defined as a 1-km radius around Benbow Crater and a 2-km radius around Marum Crater, and additionally to stay 500 m away from the ground cracks created by the December 2018 eruption.

Source: Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD)

Batu Tara | 26 January-1 February 2022 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Batu Tara
Komba Island

Based on analyses of satellite imagery, the Darwin VAAC reported that on 31 January an ash plume from Batu Tara rose to an altitude of 1.5 km (5,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted ESE.

Source: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC)

Callaqui | 26 January-1 February 2022 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Callaqui
Central Chile

In a special statement issued on 27 January, SERNAGEOMIN reported that a small area of incandescence on the SW part of Callaqui’s summit crater was visible in webcam images overnight beginning at 2155 on 26 January. The glow was persistent and visible during dark hours, and was likely the result of increased temperatures at fumarolic vents. More intense gas emissions from the same area were visible rising 380 m the next day. The report noted that this was the first time incandescence had been recorded since the camera was installed in 2012. The Alert Level remained at Green, the lowest level on a four-color scale.

Source: Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería (SERNAGEOMIN)

Chikurachki | 26 January-1 February 2022 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Chikurachki
Paramushir Island (Russia)

KVERT reported that strong gas-and-steam emissions from Chikurachki were first visible at 1200 on 31 January and likely contained ash. The plume had drifted 80 km SW at altitudes of 4.5-5 km (14,800-16,400) a.s.l. by 1418. KVERT raised the Aviation Color Code to Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Activity continued through the next day; a satellite image acquired at 0319 on 1 February showed ash plumes rising as high as 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifting 104 km WSW.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Lascar | 26 January-1 February 2022 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Lascar
Northern Chile

SERNAGEOMIN reported minor increases in surficial activity at Láscar. Nighttime incandescence from the crater began to be visible at least since 11 January. A total of 14 thermal anomalies were identified in satellite data during 13-28 January; the intensity of the anomalies increased on 17 January and peaked on 22 January. Emissions of gas and steam were more frequent and robust as compared to previous months, with the highest plume rising over 1 km above the crater rim on 22 January. Sulfur dioxide emissions were identified in satellite data on 8 and 17 January; instruments at EMU station, 6 km ESE, recorded increased emission rates during 17-19 January with a peak average of 1,787 tons per day on 18 January. Seismicity was at normal levels overall during 12-28 January. Low numbers and magnitudes of volcano-tectonic (VT) and long-period (LP) earthquakes were recorded by the seismic network, though 27 VT events that were low magnitude (M 1 or below) were recorded on 22 January. Satellite images acquired on 26 January showed no recent morphological changes at the crater nor deposits around the crater area. The Alert Level remained at Green (the lowest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería (SERNAGEOMIN)

Soufriere Hills | 26 January-1 February 2022 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Soufriere Hills
Montserrat

MVO issued a statement about Soufrière Hills on 28 January explaining overall trends observed in monitoring data since lava extrusion ended in 2010. They noted that although activity at the volcano had been low when analyzed on a week-to-week basis, subtle trends have emerged in the data in recent months that indicate an overall but small increase in unrest. The number of volcano-tectonic earthquakes were low, averaging one per day since the last eruption ended, though during 2018-2021 the average increased from 0.4 to 1.2 per day. Fumarolic temperatures which initially showed a cooling trend during 2013-2017 began to rise in 2018. The increase was most notable at one specific fumarole that had a temperature increase from 200 to 500 degrees Celsius; the high temperature was similar to those last recorded in 2013. Sulfur dioxide gas flux during 2020-2021 averaged 100-200 tonnes per day higher than the fluxes recorded 2018-2019, though remained below 2012-2013 levels. Slow inflation of the whole island had continued since 2010, with no changes to the patterns of deformation; changes associated with volcano-tectonic swarms were only observed in areas close to the dome. An increase in rockfall activity was also noted. MVO reiterated that these changes since about 2018 were minor and did not merit an increase in the Hazard Level, which remained at 1 (on a scale of 1-5).

Source: Montserrat Volcano Observatory (MVO)

Taal | 26 January-1 February 2022 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Taal
Luzon (Philippines)

PHIVOLCS reported that unrest at Taal continued during 25-31 January, and low-level background tremor persisted. One volcanic earthquake was recorded during 25-28 January. Hot volcanic fluids were upwelling in the crater lake, and daily gas-and-steam plumes rose 1.5-2 km above the lake that drifted SW and NW. Sulfur dioxide emissions continued to be elevated, averaging 10,506-18,705 tonnes/day.

A series of nine phreatomagmatic bursts from the lake occurred between 1550 on 29 January and 0449 on 30 January. Each event was short-lived, only lasting between 10 seconds and two minutes, and recorded as trace signals in the seismic data but as distinct signals in the infrasound data. Each burst produced a steam-rich plume rising 400-900 m. Sulfur dioxide emissions averaged 4,829 tonnes per day on 30 January. Seismic data during 29-30 January consisted of 31 volcanic earthquakes and 14 tremor events with durations of 1-3 minutes, and during 30-31 January 13 volcanic earthquakes were recorded along with one tremor signal that lasted three minutes. Emissions rose as high as 1 km and drifted SW. The Volcano Alert Level remained at a 2 (on a scale of 0-5). PHIVOLCS reminded the public that the entire Taal Volcano Island is a Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ) and warned against extended stays on Taal Lake.

Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)

Three Sisters | 26 January-1 February 2022 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Three Sisters
Oregon

A special statement was issued by USGS on 31 January noting an increased rate of uplift at Three Sisters during the previous few years. An area 20 km in diameter, centered 5 km W of South Sister, inflated up to 2.2 cm between June 2020 and August 2021, based on analysis of satellite data. GPS data indicated that the uplift had continued to the present. Additionally, bursts of small earthquakes were recorded in October 2021, December 2021, and January 2022, all located within the area of deformation.

Uplift in that area was first detected in the mid-1990s; the rate was highest during 1999-2000 at 5 cm per year, but then slowed until 2020. A total of 30 cm of uplift was recorded from 1995 to 2020. The cause of the deformation was uncertain, though it was likely occurring due to small accumulations of magma at about 7 km depth based on conclusions from a 1990 study. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Normal and the Aviation Color Code remained at Green as there was no evidence of an imminent eruption.

Source: US Geological Survey

Wolf | 26 January-1 February 2022 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Wolf
Isla Isabela (Galapagos)

IG reported that the eruption at Wolf continued during 26 January-1 February. Daily thermal alert counts, anywhere from a few to well over one hundred, indicated advancing lava flows on the SE flank.

Source: Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN)

Aira | 26 January-1 February 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Aira
Kyushu (Japan)

JMA reported that incandescence from Minamidake Crater (at Aira Caldera’s Sakurajima volcano) was visible at night during 24-31 January. Two explosions occurred on 28 January. One of them, recorded at 1319, produced an ash plume that rose 3.4 km above the crater rim and ejected blocks as high as 1.7 km. Ash fell in Arimura (4.5 km SE) and Kurokami (4 km E). JMA noted that until this event explosion plumes had not exceeded 3 km since 5 April 2021. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and residents were warned to stay 2 km away from the crater.

Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

Davidof | 26 January-1 February 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Davidof
Aleutian Islands (USA)

An earthquake swarm, either related to tectonic processes or volcanic unrest, was recorded in the vicinity of Davidof during 25-26 January. The largest earthquake was a M 4.9 recorded at 1602 on 25 January. AVO raised the Aviation Color Code to Yellow and the Volcano Alert Level to Advisory due to the possibility of escalating volcanic unrest. Small earthquakes were detected during 27 and 29 January-1 February, though at a lower rate. No anomalous activity was visible in partly-to-mostly cloudy satellite and webcams views. A similar earthquake swarm occurred in December 2021.

Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)

Great Sitkin | 26 January-1 February 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Great Sitkin
Andreanof Islands (USA)

AVO reported that slow lava effusion at Great Sitkin continued during 26 January-1 February, though cloudy conditions often prevented satellite and webcam views. Clearer satellite and webcam views during 30-31 January confirmed growth of the flow field, including the W and S lava flows. Elevated surface temperatures were identified in satellite images during 31 January-1 February. The Aviation Color Code and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Orange and Watch, respectively.

Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)

Karymsky | 26 January-1 February 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Karymsky
Eastern Kamchatka (Russia)

KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Karymsky was visible in satellite images during 23-26 January. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Kilauea | 26 January-1 February 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Kilauea
Hawaiian Islands (USA)

HVO reported that lava effusion at the vent of the main cone in the lower W wall of Kilauea’s Halema`uma`u Crater continued intermittently during 26 January-1 February. The lake level fluctuated, reflecting variable lava supply to the lake and periods of inflation and deflation. Lava effused from the vent during 26-28 January, and the W part of the lake was active along with a small pond N of the W vent cone. A few small flows oozed out from the N margin of the lake and an area of spattering in the E part of the crater built a new, small, steep-sided cone. Field crews working near the crater on 27 January heard loud gas-jetting sounds from the new cone.

Active lava was no longer visible in the crater by 0800 on 29 January. During 29-30 January the lake was mostly crusted over, though foundering of the crust in the E part of the lake exposed lava and circulating lava was occasionally visible in the small pond N of the main cone. Lava again began flowing from the main cone just before 2130 on 30 January. Lava quickly filled the ponded area just to the N and flowed into the lake. The lake began to rise and overflowed the S margins by midnight, and the N margins by 0500 on 31 January. Lava flows from the S part of the lake fed flows that traveled SE along the walls of the crater until 1100. Multiple ooze outs from the N margin continued through 1 February. The Aviation Color Code and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Orange and Watch, respectively.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

Lewotolok | 26 January-1 February 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Lewotolok
Lembata Island

PVMBG reported that white-and-gray ash plumes from Lewotolok rose 200 m above the summit and drifted E and SE during 30-31 January. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 3 km away from the summit crater.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Merapi | 26 January-1 February 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Merapi
Central Java

BPPTKG reported no significant morphological changes at Merapi’s lava domes, located just below the SW rim and in the summit crater, during 21-27 January. Seismicity remained at high levels. As many as 30 lava avalanches traveled a maximum of 1.8 km SW down the Bebeng drainage, and two pyroclastic flows traveled 2.5 km SW. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-5 km away from the summit based on location.

Source: Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG)

Pavlof | 26 January-1 February 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Pavlof
Alaska Peninsula, Alaska

AVO reported that the eruption at Pavlof was ongoing during 25 January-1 February, and seismicity was elevated with periods of tremor. A pilot observed the active flow on the E flank on 25 January. Elevated surface temperatures consistent with the lava flow persisted through 30 January; cloud cover prevented views during 31 January-1 February. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange.

Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)

Rincon de la Vieja | 26 January-1 February 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Rincon de la Vieja
Costa Rica

OVSICORI-UNA reported that eruptions were recorded at Rincón de la Vieja at 2250 on 26 January, at 0716 and 1050 on 27 January, at 1308 on 30 January, and at 0447 on 1 February. No plumes were visible due to cloud cover or darkness.

Source: Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica-Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA)

Santa Maria | 26 January-1 February 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Santa Maria
Southwestern Guatemala

In a special bulletin posted on 29 January, INSIVUMEH reiterated that the eruption at Santa María’s Santiaguito lava-dome complex is in a high-extrusion phase. The lava dome in the crater continued to grow and produce avalanches, and two lava flows were active on the W and SW flanks. Seismic data indicated an intensification of descending avalanches starting around 1845 that likely affected the S and SW flanks, though cloudy weather prevented visual confirmation. Notable ashfall was reported in San Marcos Palajunoj (8 km SW), El Palmar (12 km SSW), Quetzaltenango (18 km WNW), and especially in Loma Linda (6 km WSW). Avalanches continued to be detected by the network and seen by OVSAN (Observatorio del volcán Santiaguito) observers through 31 January. The avalanches originated from collapses of the lava flow on the SW flank and descended the W and SW flanks. During 30 January until about 1800 on 31 January a total of 10 pyroclastic flows were detected by the seismic network and observed in webcam images. During 31 January-1 February dense gas emissions rose 600-800 m above the dome, and nighttime incandescence emanated from the dome and the W-flank flow. Avalanches continued to descend the SW and W flanks, several reached the base of the cone.

Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH)

Semisopochnoi | 26 January-1 February 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Semisopochnoi
Aleutian Islands (USA)

AVO reported that low-level eruptive activity at Semisopochnoi's North Cerberus cone continued during 25 January-1 February. Seismicity was elevated, characterized by periods of tremor and small earthquakes. Steam and low-level ash emissions likely occurred daily, though due to weather clouds they were only confirmed in webcam images during 25-26 and 29-31 January and 1 February. Numerous small explosions were recorded by local seismic and infrasound sensors during 29 January-1 February. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch.

Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)

Sheveluch | 26 January-1 February 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Sheveluch
Central Kamchatka (Russia)

KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Sheveluch was identified in satellite images during 21-28 January. Intense steam-and-gas emissions were visible. Gas, steam, and ash plumes drifted 55 km SW on 21 January. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Suwanosejima | 26 January-1 February 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Suwanosejima
Ryukyu Islands (Japan)

JMA reported that incandescence at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater was visible nightly during 24-28 January. There were 27 explosions recorded, producing ash plumes that rose at least 3 km above the crater rim and ejected material up to 1 km away from the crater. Rumbling sounds and ashfall were reported in Toshima village (3.5 km SSW). Eruptive activity continued during 28-31 January. The Alert Level remained at 3 and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from the crater.

Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

Turrialba | 26 January-1 February 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Turrialba
Costa Rica

OVSICORI-UNA reported that three areas of incandescence in Turrialba’s Cráter Oeste were visible during 26-27 January.

Source: Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica-Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA)

Yasur | 26 January-1 February 2022 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Yasur
Vanuatu

The Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD) reported that activity at Yasur continued at a high level of “major unrest,” as defined by the Alert Level 2 status. Ash-and-gas emissions and loud explosions continued to be recorded. Alert Level 2 is the middle level on a scale of 0-4. The public was reminded not to enter the restricted area within 600 m around the cone, defined by Danger Zone A on the hazard map.

Source: Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD)

Weekly Reports Archive

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Criteria & Disclaimers

Criteria

The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report does not necessarily include all volcanic activity that occurred on Earth during the week. More than a dozen volcanoes globally have displayed more-or-less continuous eruptive activity for decades or longer, and such routine activity is typically not reported here. Moreover, Earth's sea-floor volcanism is seldom reported even though in theory it represents the single most prolific source of erupted material. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report summarizes volcanic activity that meets one or more of the following criteria:

- A volcano observatory raises or lowers the alert level at the volcano.
- A volcanic ash advisory has been released by a volcanic ash advisory center (VAAC) stating that an ash cloud has been produced from the volcano.
- A verifiable news report of new activity or a change in activity at the volcano has been issued.
- Observers have reported a significant change in volcanic activity. Such activity can include, but is not restricted to, pyroclastic flows, lahars, lava flows, dome collapse, or increased unrest.

Volcanoes are included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report if the activity occurs after at least 3 months of quiescence. Once a volcano is included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section, updates will remain in that section unless the activity continues for more than 1 month without escalating, after which time updates will be listed in the "Continuing Activity" section. Volcanoes are also included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section if the volcano is undergoing a period of relatively high unrest, or increasing unrest. This is commonly equal to Alert Level Orange on a scale of Green, Yellow, Orange, Red, where Red is the highest alert. Or alert level 3 on a scale of 1-4 or 1-5.

It is important to note that volcanic activity meeting one or more of these criteria may occur during the week, but may not be included in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report because we did not receive a report.

Disclaimers

1. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is intended to provide timely information about global volcanism on a weekly basis. Consequently, the report is generated rapidly by summarizing volcanic reports from various sources, with little time for fact checking. The accuracy of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is dependent upon the quality of the volcanic activity reports we receive. Reports published in the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network are cover longer time periods and are more carefully reviewed, although all of the volcanoes discussed in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report are not necessarily reported in the Bulletin. Because of our emphasis on rapid reporting on the web we have avoided diacritical marks. Reports are updated on the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report web page as they are received, therefore information may be included regarding events that occurred before the current report period.

2. Rapidly developing events lead to coverage that is often fragmentary. Volcanoes, their eruptions, and their plumes and associated atmospheric effects are complex phenomena that may require months to years of data analysis in order to create a comprehensive summary and interpretation of events.

3. Preliminary accounts sometimes contain exaggerations and "false alarms," and accordingly, this report may include some events ultimately found to be erroneous or misleading.

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Acronyms and Abbreviations

a.s.l. - above sea level

AVO - Alaska Volcano Observatory

AVHRR - Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer

CENAPRED - Centro Nacionale de Prevencion de Desastres (México)

CONRED - Coordinadora Nacional para la Reducción de Desastres

COSPEC - Correlation Spectrometer

CVGHM (formerly VSI) - Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation

CVO - Cascades Volcano Observatory (USGS)

GMS - Geostationary Meteorological Satellite

GOES - Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite

GVO - Goma Volcano Observatory

GVP - Global Volcanism Program (Smithsonian Institution)

HVO - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (USGS)

ICE - Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad (Costa Rica)

IG - Instituto Geofísico (Ecuador)

IGNS - Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences (New Zealand) - now GNS Science

INETER - Instituto Nicaragüense de Estudios Territoriales (Nicaragua)

INGEMMET - Instituto Geológical Minero y Metalúrgico (Peru)

INGEOMINAS - Instituto Colombiano de Geología y Minería (Colombia)

INGV-CT - Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Catania (Italy)

INSIVUMEH - Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia e Hidrologia (Guatemala)

IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (France)

JMA - Japanese Meteorological Agency

KEMSD - Kamchatkan Experimental and Methodical Seismilogical Department

KVERT - Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team

M - magnitude

METEOSAT - Meteorological Satellite

MEVO - Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory

MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

MVO - Montserrat Volcano Observatory

MWO - Meteorological Watch Office

NEIC - National Earthquake Information Center

NIED - National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (Japan)

NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NOTAM - Notice to Airmen

OVDAS - Observatorio Volcanologico de los Andes del Sur (Chile)

OFDA - Office of US Foreign Disaster Assistance

ONEMI - Oficina Nacional de Emergencia - Ministerio del Interior (Chile)

OVPDLF - Observatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise (France)

OVSICORI-UNA - Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica, Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)

PHIVOLCS - Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (Philippines)

RSAM - Real-time Seismic Amplitude Measurement

RVO - Rabaul Volcano Observatory

SERNAGEOMIN - Servicio Nacional de Geologia y Mineria (Chile)

SIGMET - Significant Meteorological Information

SNET - Servicio Nacional de Estudios Territoriales (El Salvador)

SVERT - Sakhalin Volcanic Eruption Response Team (Russia)

USAID - US Agency for International Development

USGS - United States Geological Survey

UTC - Coordinated Universal Time

VAAC - Volcanic Ash Advisory Center

VAFTAD - Volcanic Ash Forecast Transport And Dispersion

VDAP - Volcano Disaster Assistance Program (USGS)

VHP - Volcano Hazards Program (USGS)

VRC - Volcano Research Center (Japan)

Report for Ambae
On 27 January the Vanuatu Meteorology and Geo-Hazards Department (VMGD) reported that the cone in Ambae’s Lake Voui continued to grow and produce steam-and-ash emissions. Minor ashfall was reported in areas downwind, including in local villages. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 0-5) and the public was warned to stay outside of the Danger Zone defined as a 2-km radius around the active vents in Lake Voui and away from drainages during heavy rains.
Source: Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD)

Report for Ambrym
On 27 January the Vanuatu Meteorology and Geo-Hazards Department (VMGD) reported that steam-and-gas emissions rose from Ambrym’s Benbow Crater, and incandescence from the same crater was visible at night. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 0-5). VMGD warned the public to stay outside of the Permanent Danger Zone A, defined as a 1-km radius around Benbow Crater and a 2-km radius around Marum Crater, and additionally to stay 500 m away from the ground cracks created by the December 2018 eruption.
Source: Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD)

Report for Batu Tara
Based on analyses of satellite imagery, the Darwin VAAC reported that on 31 January an ash plume from Batu Tara rose to an altitude of 1.5 km (5,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted ESE.
Source: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC)

Report for Callaqui
In a special statement issued on 27 January, SERNAGEOMIN reported that a small area of incandescence on the SW part of Callaqui’s summit crater was visible in webcam images overnight beginning at 2155 on 26 January. The glow was persistent and visible during dark hours, and was likely the result of increased temperatures at fumarolic vents. More intense gas emissions from the same area were visible rising 380 m the next day. The report noted that this was the first time incandescence had been recorded since the camera was installed in 2012. The Alert Level remained at Green, the lowest level on a four-color scale.
Source: Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería (SERNAGEOMIN)

Report for Chikurachki
KVERT reported that strong gas-and-steam emissions from Chikurachki were first visible at 1200 on 31 January and likely contained ash. The plume had drifted 80 km SW at altitudes of 4.5-5 km (14,800-16,400) a.s.l. by 1418. KVERT raised the Aviation Color Code to Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Activity continued through the next day; a satellite image acquired at 0319 on 1 February showed ash plumes rising as high as 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifting 104 km WSW.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Report for Lascar
SERNAGEOMIN reported minor increases in surficial activity at Láscar. Nighttime incandescence from the crater began to be visible at least since 11 January. A total of 14 thermal anomalies were identified in satellite data during 13-28 January; the intensity of the anomalies increased on 17 January and peaked on 22 January. Emissions of gas and steam were more frequent and robust as compared to previous months, with the highest plume rising over 1 km above the crater rim on 22 January. Sulfur dioxide emissions were identified in satellite data on 8 and 17 January; instruments at EMU station, 6 km ESE, recorded increased emission rates during 17-19 January with a peak average of 1,787 tons per day on 18 January. Seismicity was at normal levels overall during 12-28 January. Low numbers and magnitudes of volcano-tectonic (VT) and long-period (LP) earthquakes were recorded by the seismic network, though 27 VT events that were low magnitude (M 1 or below) were recorded on 22 January. Satellite images acquired on 26 January showed no recent morphological changes at the crater nor deposits around the crater area. The Alert Level remained at Green (the lowest level on a four-color scale).
Source: Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería (SERNAGEOMIN)

Report for Soufriere Hills
MVO issued a statement about Soufrière Hills on 28 January explaining overall trends observed in monitoring data since lava extrusion ended in 2010. They noted that although activity at the volcano had been low when analyzed on a week-to-week basis, subtle trends have emerged in the data in recent months that indicate an overall but small increase in unrest. The number of volcano-tectonic earthquakes were low, averaging one per day since the last eruption ended, though during 2018-2021 the average increased from 0.4 to 1.2 per day. Fumarolic temperatures which initially showed a cooling trend during 2013-2017 began to rise in 2018. The increase was most notable at one specific fumarole that had a temperature increase from 200 to 500 degrees Celsius; the high temperature was similar to those last recorded in 2013. Sulfur dioxide gas flux during 2020-2021 averaged 100-200 tonnes per day higher than the fluxes recorded 2018-2019, though remained below 2012-2013 levels. Slow inflation of the whole island had continued since 2010, with no changes to the patterns of deformation; changes associated with volcano-tectonic swarms were only observed in areas close to the dome. An increase in rockfall activity was also noted. MVO reiterated that these changes since about 2018 were minor and did not merit an increase in the Hazard Level, which remained at 1 (on a scale of 1-5).
Source: Montserrat Volcano Observatory (MVO)

Report for Taal
PHIVOLCS reported that unrest at Taal continued during 25-31 January, and low-level background tremor persisted. One volcanic earthquake was recorded during 25-28 January. Hot volcanic fluids were upwelling in the crater lake, and daily gas-and-steam plumes rose 1.5-2 km above the lake that drifted SW and NW. Sulfur dioxide emissions continued to be elevated, averaging 10,506-18,705 tonnes/day.

A series of nine phreatomagmatic bursts from the lake occurred between 1550 on 29 January and 0449 on 30 January. Each event was short-lived, only lasting between 10 seconds and two minutes, and recorded as trace signals in the seismic data but as distinct signals in the infrasound data. Each burst produced a steam-rich plume rising 400-900 m. Sulfur dioxide emissions averaged 4,829 tonnes per day on 30 January. Seismic data during 29-30 January consisted of 31 volcanic earthquakes and 14 tremor events with durations of 1-3 minutes, and during 30-31 January 13 volcanic earthquakes were recorded along with one tremor signal that lasted three minutes. Emissions rose as high as 1 km and drifted SW. The Volcano Alert Level remained at a 2 (on a scale of 0-5). PHIVOLCS reminded the public that the entire Taal Volcano Island is a Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ) and warned against extended stays on Taal Lake.
Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)

Report for Three Sisters
A special statement was issued by USGS on 31 January noting an increased rate of uplift at Three Sisters during the previous few years. An area 20 km in diameter, centered 5 km W of South Sister, inflated up to 2.2 cm between June 2020 and August 2021, based on analysis of satellite data. GPS data indicated that the uplift had continued to the present. Additionally, bursts of small earthquakes were recorded in October 2021, December 2021, and January 2022, all located within the area of deformation.

Uplift in that area was first detected in the mid-1990s; the rate was highest during 1999-2000 at 5 cm per year, but then slowed until 2020. A total of 30 cm of uplift was recorded from 1995 to 2020. The cause of the deformation was uncertain, though it was likely occurring due to small accumulations of magma at about 7 km depth based on conclusions from a 1990 study. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Normal and the Aviation Color Code remained at Green as there was no evidence of an imminent eruption.
Source: US Geological Survey

Report for Wolf
IG reported that the eruption at Wolf continued during 26 January-1 February. Daily thermal alert counts, anywhere from a few to well over one hundred, indicated advancing lava flows on the SE flank.
Source: Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN)

Report for Aira
JMA reported that incandescence from Minamidake Crater (at Aira Caldera’s Sakurajima volcano) was visible at night during 24-31 January. Two explosions occurred on 28 January. One of them, recorded at 1319, produced an ash plume that rose 3.4 km above the crater rim and ejected blocks as high as 1.7 km. Ash fell in Arimura (4.5 km SE) and Kurokami (4 km E). JMA noted that until this event explosion plumes had not exceeded 3 km since 5 April 2021. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and residents were warned to stay 2 km away from the crater.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

Report for Davidof
An earthquake swarm, either related to tectonic processes or volcanic unrest, was recorded in the vicinity of Davidof during 25-26 January. The largest earthquake was a M 4.9 recorded at 1602 on 25 January. AVO raised the Aviation Color Code to Yellow and the Volcano Alert Level to Advisory due to the possibility of escalating volcanic unrest. Small earthquakes were detected during 27 and 29 January-1 February, though at a lower rate. No anomalous activity was visible in partly-to-mostly cloudy satellite and webcams views. A similar earthquake swarm occurred in December 2021.
Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)

Report for Great Sitkin
AVO reported that slow lava effusion at Great Sitkin continued during 26 January-1 February, though cloudy conditions often prevented satellite and webcam views. Clearer satellite and webcam views during 30-31 January confirmed growth of the flow field, including the W and S lava flows. Elevated surface temperatures were identified in satellite images during 31 January-1 February. The Aviation Color Code and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Orange and Watch, respectively.
Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)

Report for Karymsky
KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Karymsky was visible in satellite images during 23-26 January. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Report for Kilauea
HVO reported that lava effusion at the vent of the main cone in the lower W wall of Kilauea’s Halema`uma`u Crater continued intermittently during 26 January-1 February. The lake level fluctuated, reflecting variable lava supply to the lake and periods of inflation and deflation. Lava effused from the vent during 26-28 January, and the W part of the lake was active along with a small pond N of the W vent cone. A few small flows oozed out from the N margin of the lake and an area of spattering in the E part of the crater built a new, small, steep-sided cone. Field crews working near the crater on 27 January heard loud gas-jetting sounds from the new cone.

Active lava was no longer visible in the crater by 0800 on 29 January. During 29-30 January the lake was mostly crusted over, though foundering of the crust in the E part of the lake exposed lava and circulating lava was occasionally visible in the small pond N of the main cone. Lava again began flowing from the main cone just before 2130 on 30 January. Lava quickly filled the ponded area just to the N and flowed into the lake. The lake began to rise and overflowed the S margins by midnight, and the N margins by 0500 on 31 January. Lava flows from the S part of the lake fed flows that traveled SE along the walls of the crater until 1100. Multiple ooze outs from the N margin continued through 1 February. The Aviation Color Code and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Orange and Watch, respectively.
Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

Report for Lewotolok
PVMBG reported that white-and-gray ash plumes from Lewotolok rose 200 m above the summit and drifted E and SE during 30-31 January. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 3 km away from the summit crater.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Report for Merapi
BPPTKG reported no significant morphological changes at Merapi’s lava domes, located just below the SW rim and in the summit crater, during 21-27 January. Seismicity remained at high levels. As many as 30 lava avalanches traveled a maximum of 1.8 km SW down the Bebeng drainage, and two pyroclastic flows traveled 2.5 km SW. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-5 km away from the summit based on location.
Source: Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG)

Report for Pavlof
AVO reported that the eruption at Pavlof was ongoing during 25 January-1 February, and seismicity was elevated with periods of tremor. A pilot observed the active flow on the E flank on 25 January. Elevated surface temperatures consistent with the lava flow persisted through 30 January; cloud cover prevented views during 31 January-1 February. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange.
Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)

Report for Rincon de la Vieja
OVSICORI-UNA reported that eruptions were recorded at Rincón de la Vieja at 2250 on 26 January, at 0716 and 1050 on 27 January, at 1308 on 30 January, and at 0447 on 1 February. No plumes were visible due to cloud cover or darkness.
Source: Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica-Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA)

Report for Santa Maria
In a special bulletin posted on 29 January, INSIVUMEH reiterated that the eruption at Santa María’s Santiaguito lava-dome complex is in a high-extrusion phase. The lava dome in the crater continued to grow and produce avalanches, and two lava flows were active on the W and SW flanks. Seismic data indicated an intensification of descending avalanches starting around 1845 that likely affected the S and SW flanks, though cloudy weather prevented visual confirmation. Notable ashfall was reported in San Marcos Palajunoj (8 km SW), El Palmar (12 km SSW), Quetzaltenango (18 km WNW), and especially in Loma Linda (6 km WSW). Avalanches continued to be detected by the network and seen by OVSAN (Observatorio del volcán Santiaguito) observers through 31 January. The avalanches originated from collapses of the lava flow on the SW flank and descended the W and SW flanks. During 30 January until about 1800 on 31 January a total of 10 pyroclastic flows were detected by the seismic network and observed in webcam images. During 31 January-1 February dense gas emissions rose 600-800 m above the dome, and nighttime incandescence emanated from the dome and the W-flank flow. Avalanches continued to descend the SW and W flanks, several reached the base of the cone.
Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH)

Report for Semisopochnoi
AVO reported that low-level eruptive activity at Semisopochnoi's North Cerberus cone continued during 25 January-1 February. Seismicity was elevated, characterized by periods of tremor and small earthquakes. Steam and low-level ash emissions likely occurred daily, though due to weather clouds they were only confirmed in webcam images during 25-26 and 29-31 January and 1 February. Numerous small explosions were recorded by local seismic and infrasound sensors during 29 January-1 February. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch.
Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)

Report for Sheveluch
KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Sheveluch was identified in satellite images during 21-28 January. Intense steam-and-gas emissions were visible. Gas, steam, and ash plumes drifted 55 km SW on 21 January. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Report for Suwanosejima
JMA reported that incandescence at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater was visible nightly during 24-28 January. There were 27 explosions recorded, producing ash plumes that rose at least 3 km above the crater rim and ejected material up to 1 km away from the crater. Rumbling sounds and ashfall were reported in Toshima village (3.5 km SSW). Eruptive activity continued during 28-31 January. The Alert Level remained at 3 and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from the crater.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

Report for Turrialba
OVSICORI-UNA reported that three areas of incandescence in Turrialba’s Cráter Oeste were visible during 26-27 January.
Source: Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica-Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA)

Report for Yasur
The Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD) reported that activity at Yasur continued at a high level of “major unrest,” as defined by the Alert Level 2 status. Ash-and-gas emissions and loud explosions continued to be recorded. Alert Level 2 is the middle level on a scale of 0-4. The public was reminded not to enter the restricted area within 600 m around the cone, defined by Danger Zone A on the hazard map.
Source: Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department (VMGD)